Chapter Xv. 544-584

River and coast trade of Great Britain—The Iona, paddle steamer—First screw collier Q. E. D.—The King Coal collier—Her dimensions and crew, note—Improvement in care of seamen—Leith and London traders—Dublin and Holyhead Mail-Packets—Their great speed and regularity—Dimensions, power, capacity, and cost—Dover and Calais Mail-Packets—The Victoria—Her speed—Proposed tunnel and other modes of crossing the Straits of Dover—Mr. Fowler’s plan—The Castalia—The Bessemer—Her swinging saloon—The cigar-ship built at Baltimore, 1858—Similar ship built on the Thames, 1864—Perkins’s economical steam-engine and proposed fast boat—The Engine of the Comet—Modifications in the construction of Marine Engines—Ratio of speed to power—The Compound Engine more economical than the simple—Great skill required for building perfect ships, and especial importance to England of having the best ships—But her ships not yet perfect, though great progress has been made during the last half century

APPENDICES.

PAGE

APPENDIX No. 1 587

APPENDIX No. 2 591

APPENDIX No. 3 593

APPENDIX No. 4 594

APPENDIX No. 5 595

APPENDIX No. 6 599

APPENDIX No. 7 600

APPENDIX No. 8 601

APPENDIX No. 9 603

APPENDIX No. 10 606

APPENDIX No. 11 608

APPENDIX No. 12 609

APPENDIX No. 13 611

APPENDIX No. 14 612

APPENDIX No. 15 613

APPENDIX No. 16 614

APPENDIX No. 17 617

APPENDIX No. 18 633

APPENDIX No. 19 634

APPENDIX No. 20 635

APPENDIX No. 21 637

APPENDIX No. 22 637

APPENDIX No. 23 639

APPENDIX No. 24 641

APPENDIX No. 25 643

APPENDIX No. 26 644

APPENDIX No. 27 645

INDEX 647

ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE

S.S. “GREAT EASTERN” (LONGITUDINAL SECTION AND SCALE) Frontispiece. S.S. “GREAT EASTERN” VIEW OF DECK Frontispiece. S.S. “GREAT EASTERN” WHEEL-HOUSE AND STEERING APPARATUS Frontispiece. S.S. “GREAT EASTERN” LAYING CABLE Frontispiece. S.S. “GREAT EASTERN” AT SEA Frontispiece.

THE PAPER NAUTILUS 3

HERO’S STEAM CAULDRON (FIRST IDEA OF THE POWER OF STEAM, B.C. 120) 5

HERO’S STEAM ÆOLIPILE (FIRST STEAM MACHINE) 6

FIRST VESSEL PROPELLED BY WHEELS (SEVENTH CENTURY) 10

ILLYRIAN BARGE WITH OXEN DRIVING PADDLE-WHEELS 19

CURIOUS VESSEL BUILT IN ROTTERDAM, A.D. 1653 20

FIRST STEAM-BOAT (BY JONATHAN HULLS OF CAMPDEN, GLOUCESTERSHIRE), 1736 26

MURRAY RIVER STEAMER 27

WATER-WHEEL 33

MILLER’S TREBLE VESSEL, TO WHICH A STEAM-ENGINE WAS APPLIED, 1787 33

SECTIONAL VIEW OF THE S.S. “CHARLOTTE DUNDAS” 37

FIRST AMERICAN STEAM-BOAT BY JOHN FITCH, U.S., 1786 42

SECOND AMERICAN STEAM-BOAT BY JOHN FITCH, FIRST USED, 1790 44

S.S. “CLERMONT” BY ROBERT FULTON, U.S. FIRST STEAM-VESSEL USED SUCCESSFULLY IN AMERICA, 1807 51

S.S. “COMET.” FIRST PASSENGER STEAMER ON THE RIVER CLYDE, SCOTLAND, 1812 66

THAMES SAILING BARGE 75

STATIONERS’ COMPANY’S SAILING BARGE 76

S.S. “UNITED KINGDOM” (LONDON AND EDINBURGH) 81

GALLOWAY’S PATENT PADDLE-WHEEL 99

DIFFERENT FORMS OF SCREWS 101

SCREW STEAMER “ROBERT F. STOCKTON” 114

WOODCROFT’S VARYING-PITCH SCREW-PROPELLER 117

EARLY AMERICAN LAKE SCREW-PROPELLER 133

AMERICAN RIVER STEAMER “NEW WORLD” 145

LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE MIDSHIP SECTIONS OF PROPOSED LARGE AMERICAN STEAMER 158, 159

FIRST CUNARD STEAM-SHIP “BRITANNIA” 182

STEAM-SHIP “GREAT BRITAIN” 188

AUXILIARY U.S. STEAM-SHIP “MASSACHUSETTS” 191

AMERICAN STEAM-SHIP “WASHINGTON” 196

COLLINS’S U.S. STEAM-SHIP “ATLANTIC” 206

CUNARD’S STEAM-SHIP “SCOTIA” 229

CUNARD’S STEAM-SHIP “BOTHNIA” 233

HARFIELD’S STEAM WINDLASS 234

SALOON CABINS S.S. “BOTHNIA” AND “SCYTHIA” 236

INMAN’S SCREW STEAM-SHIP “CITY OF MANCHESTER” 252

INMAN’S SCREW STEAM-SHIP “CITY OF CHESTER” 258

WHITE STAR STEAM-SHIP “BRITANNIC” 278

SCREW-SHAFT OF S.S. “BRITANNIC” 280

MIDSHIP SECTION OF “BRITANNIC” 281

ANCHOR LINE S.S. “VICTORIA” 289

ROYAL MAIL WEST INDIA S.S. “FORTH” 303

ROYAL MAIL WEST INDIA S.S. “AMAZON” 306

PACIFIC COMPANY’S S.S. “PERU” 319

PACIFIC COMPANY’S S.S. “CHIMBORAZO” 325

PACIFIC COMPANY’S S.S. “SANTA-ROSA” 328

S.S. “ENTERPRISE.” FIRST STEAMER THAT DOUBLED THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE 340

MAP OF SUEZ CANAL AND SURROUNDING DISTRICT 364

PENINSULAR AND ORIENTAL COMPANY’S S.S. “ROYAL TAR” 380

PENINSULAR AND ORIENTAL COMPANY’S S.S. “KHEDIVE” 411

LEYLAND AND COMPANY’S S.S. “BAVARIAN” 420

LINDSAY’S AUXILIARY STEAM-SHIPS 429

SWIRES’ YANG-TSE STEAMER “HANKOW” 471

CHINESE TEA-BOAT 475

JAPANESE CARGO-BOAT 485

PLATFORM ON WHICH S.S. “GREAT EASTERN” WAS BUILT 497

TRANSVERSE MIDSHIP SECTION OF “GREAT EASTERN” 498

TRANSVERSE MIDSHIP SECTION OF ENGINE-ROOM OF “GREAT EASTERN” 501

GRAND SALOON CABIN OF “GREAT EASTERN” 506

S.S. “GREAT EASTERN” READY TO BE LAUNCHED 517

S.S. “GREAT EASTERN” AT SEA UNDER FULL SAIL 527

MODERN SCREW COLLIER “KING COAL” 548

CHANNEL PACKET S.S. “VICTORIA” 556

FOWLER’S PROPOSED CHANNEL STEAM FERRY 559

CHANNEL PACKET S.S. “CASTALIA” 562

CHANNEL PACKET S.S. “BESSEMER” 565

PERKINS’ PROPOSED TRANSATLANTIC STEAM-SHIP 572

TRANSVERSE MIDSHIP SECTION OF DITTO 572

ENGINE OF THE FIRST CLYDE STEAMER “COMET” 574

LATEST AND MOST IMPROVED COMPOUND SURFACE MARINE STEAM ENGINE 578

FOOTNOTES:

The whole of these Illustrations have been re-drawn on block, and a great many of them are original. It is, however, only due to the memory of a truly good and unassuming man to state, more especially as he was a thorough genius in the illustration of all nautical subjects, that many of the drawings are reduced copies from those of the late Edward Weedon, who, for many years, and up to his untimely death in 1874, was one of the staff of artists of the Illustrated London News.

MERCHANT SHIPPING.