Part 27

Energy of Leyden jar resident in the glass, 79.

Eriometer, Young's, 223.

Ether, Maxwell's illustration of the possible constitution of, 302.

Expansion of water on freezing, 33.

Extra current, 268.

=Faraday=, Michael, birth, 238; life in Jacob's Well Mews, 238; becomes an errand-boy, 239; apprenticeship, 239; attends lectures at Tatum's, 240; constructs a voltaic pile, 241; letters to Abbott, 241, 246; starts as a journeyman, 243; application to Davy, 243; appointed assistant at the Royal Institution, 245; joins the City Philosophical Society, 245; opinions respecting lectures, 246, 247; journey with Davy, 248; acquaintance with De la Rive, 249; crosses the Alps, 249; at the Academia del Cimento, 250; returns from the Continent, 251; lectures to the City Philosophical Society, 251; commonplace-book, 253; atmospheric electricity apparatus, 254; marriage, 255; discovery of electro-magnetic rotation, 255; of the earth's action on a current, 256; letter to E. de la Rive, 256; views on Ampere's theory, 257; elected F.R.S., 258; appointed director of the laboratory at the Royal Institution, 258; work on optical glass, 259; discovery of induced currents, 259; institutes Friday evening lectures, 259; anchor-ring experiment, 260; magneto-electric machine, 262; obtains induced current by action of the earth, 262; obtains "magnetic spark," 262; explanation of Arago's experiment, 264; laws of electrolysis, 266; proves the identity of frictional and voltaic electricity, 266; experiments on self-induction, 268; diagrams of lines of magnetic force, 269; conception of lines of electric force, 270; ice-pail experiment, 270; butterfly-net, 270; experiments on specific inductive capacity, 272; appointed scientific adviser to Trinity House, 273; appointed member of the Senate of the University of London, 273; discovery of the electro-magnetic rotation of the plane of polarization, 273; investigations in diamagnetism, 274; joins the Sandemanian Church, 275; lectures before the Prince Consort, 275; retirement to Hampton Court, 277; death, 277; lines of force investigated by Thomson and Maxwell, 300.

Forbes's, Principal, opinion of Young, 194.

Foucault's measurement of the velocity of light, 220.

Fovea centralis, insensibility of, to blue light, 298.

Franciscus Linus, funicular hypothesis of, 25.

=Franklin=, Benjamin, autobiography of, 39; birth, 40; on the disputatious temper, 42; method of learning prose composition, 43; tries vegetarianism, 44; adopts the Socratic method, 44; first voyage to England, 48; experience as a journeyman in London, 49; views on beer as a food, 49; marriage, 54; endeavours to attain moral perfection, 56; method of reconciling an enemy, 60; elected F.R.S., 66; second voyage to England, 70; begins electrical experiments, 72; electrical papers ridiculed by the Royal Society, 73; discovers the effect of points, 74; one-fluid theory of electricity, 76; theory of the Leyden jar, 78; invention of the lightning-rod, 83; golden fish, 85; view of the nature of light, 86; kite, 88; experiments on capacity, 81, 89; experiments on electrical induction, 90; proof of the absence of electricity in a hollow conductor, 91; third voyage to England, 102; examination before the Parliamentary Committee, 105; nominated Foreign Associate of the Academy of Sciences, 110; signs the Declaration of Independence, 113; sent to Paris, 113; made Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of France, 116; signs the Treaty of Peace, 119; elected President of Pennsylvania, 120; death, 122.

Fresnel, awarded the Rumford Medal, 233.

Fresnel's repetition of Young's experiments, 225.

Friction as a source of heat, Rumford's experiments on, 189.

Friday evening lectures instituted by Faraday, 259.

Galileo and Torricelli on the pressure of the air, 16.

Garnett, Dr. Thomas, professor at the Royal Institution, 173.

Gilbert, Dr., founder of electrical science, 3.

Goettingen, Young's university course at, 206.

Graham Bell's telephone, 319.

Gray, Stephen, discovers electric conduction, 3.

Grimaldi's fringes explained by Young, 222.

Gunpowder, Rumford's experiments on, 179.

Halos, coloured, Young's explanation of, 224.

Hawksbee's observations on capillary attraction, 228.

Heat, a form of energy, 32; generated by friction in vacuum, 32; generated by friction, Rumford's experiments on, 189.

Herapath's explanation of gaseous diffusion, 299.

Herschel's, Sir John, comments on Young's principle of interference, 208.