Chapter Ii.—Transition Period 360

A. Idealism and Scepticism 363

1. Berkeley 364

2. Hume 369

B. Scottish Philosophy 375

1. Thomas Reid 376

2. James Beattie 377

3. James Oswald 377

4. Dugald Stewart 378

C. French Philosophy 379

1. The Negative Aspect 388

2. The Positive Aspect 392 a. Materialism 393 b. Robinet 394

3. Idea of a Concrete Universal Unity 397 a. Opposition between Sensation and Thought 398 b. Montesquieu 399 c. Helvetius 400 d. Rousseau 400

D. The German Illumination 403