Part 47

1903. Mutual Aid a Factor of Evolution. pp. 348. New York.

PARMELEE, M.

1913. The Science of Human Behavior. Biological and Psychological Foundations. pp. 443. New York. The Macmillan Company.

An important discussion of certain phases of animal and human responses. Communities are considered mainly from the standpoint of “aggregate ecology” and phylogeny. Little recognition is made of the “ecological association” as a fundamental unit in the study of human relations.

ADAMS, CHAS. C.

1909. The Ecological Succession of Birds. Ann. Rep. Mich. Geol. Surv. for 1908, pp. 121-154.

A study of changes in bird associations.

SHELFORD, V. E.

1911. Ecological Succession.

I. Stream Fishes and the Method of Physiographic Analysis. Biol. Bull., Vol. XXI, pp. 9-34.

1911a. II. Pond Fishes. Biol. Bull., Vol. XXI, pp. 127-151.

1911b. III. A Reconnaissance of its Causes in Ponds with Particular Reference to Fish. Biol. Bull., Vol. XXII, pp. 1-38.

1912. IV. Vegetation and the Control of Land Animal Communities. Biol. Bull., Vol. XXIII, pp. 59-99.

1912a. V. Aspects of Physiological Classification. Biol. Bull., Vol. XXIII, pp. 331-370.

A series of detailed studies on successions in standing and running water, and upon land. Intimately related to the following.

1913. Animal Communities in Temperate America as Illustrated in the Chicago Region; A Study in Animal Ecology. Bull. Geogr. Soc. of Chicago, No. 5. pp. (In press.)

This is the most comprehensive and detailed local study of animal ecology thus far published from a distinctly modern standpoint.

CRAIG, W.

1908. The Voices of Pigeons Regarded as a Means of Social Control. Amer. Jour. Sociol., Vol. XIV, pp. 86-100.

HERRICK, C. L.

1904. The Beginnings of Social Reaction in Man and Lower Animals. Jour. Comp. Neurol. and Psychol., Vol. XIV, pp. 118-123.

HERRICK, F. H.

1912. Organization of the Gull Community. Proc. Seventh Inter. Zoöl. Cong., Boston, 1907, pp. 156-158.

WESENBERG-LUND, C.

1908. Die littoralen Tiergesellschaften unserer grosseren Seen. a. Die Tiergesellschaften des Brandungsufers. Inter. Revue der gesamten Hydrobiol. u. Hydrog., Bd. I, pp. 574-609.

Animal associations of a lake shore.

JÄGER, G.

1874. Deutschlands Thierwelt nach ihren Standorten eingetheilt. Bd. I, pp. 400; Bd. II, pp. 367 + XXIV. Stuttgart.