Part 2

CHAPTER

I. AIM, CONTENT, AND POINT OF VIEW 1

II. THE VALUE AND METHOD OF ECOLOGICAL SURVEYS 23

III. FIELD STUDY 36

IV. THE COLLECTION, PRESERVATION, AND DETERMINATION OF SPECIMENS 49

V. REFERENCES TO SCIENTIFIC TECHNIQUE 55

1. The Scientific Method 55

2. Directions for Collecting and Preserving Specimens, Photographing, Surveying, and Other Phases of Technique 57

3. The Preparation of Papers for Publication and on Proof Reading 65

VI. REFERENCES TO IMPORTANT SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON THE LIFE HISTORIES AND HABITS OF INSECTS AND ALLIED INVERTEBRATES 70

VII. THE LAWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE, OR THE “ORDERLY SEQUENCE OF EXTERNAL NATURE.”(THE DYNAMIC OR PROCESS RELATIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENT) 79

VIII. THE LAWS OF ORDERLY SEQUENCE OF METABOLISM, GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS, AND BEHAVIOR, OR “THE LIVING ORGANISM AND THE CHANGES WHICH TAKE PLACE IN IT.” (THE DYNAMIC OR PROCESS RELATIONS OF THE ANIMAL) 92

1. General Physiology and Development 95

2. A Selection of Physiological and Ecological Papers 100

3. Animal Behavior as a Process 102

4. A List of Selected Reviews and Bibliographies 107

5. A Selection of References on Life Histories and Behavior 108

IX. THE CONTINUOUS PROCESS OF ADJUSTMENT BETWEEN THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE ANIMAL, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO OTHER ORGANISMS. (THE DYNAMIC OR PROCESS RELATIONS OF ANIMAL ASSOCIATIONS AND AGGREGATIONS) 122

1. The Struggle for Existence 123

2. The Dynamic Relations of Associations and Aggregations, with Special Reference to Animal Associations 130

a. The Relation of Animals to Pollination and to Plant Galls 141

b. Subterranean and Cave Associations 143

c. Selected References on Aggregations and Associations 145

INDEX 151

INDEX TO NAMES 179

LIST OF FIGURES

FIG. 1. An Oyster Habitat on the South Carolina Coast Frontispiece

2. Struggle for Existence on a Clam Flat. Overcrowded Condition facing page 7