Part 27

Ecclesia, constitution of, at Athens, 49; powers of, 50 f.; freedom of discussion in, 53 f.; assembly of experts, 57; functions of, 57; agon of statesmen, 58.

Education, the vice of the Socratic school, 98.

Egypt, seized by Alexander, 126; decay of, 180 f.; empire of, 234.

Egyptians, view of Alexander as to, 135; ruled over by Ptolemies, 168; owned by the Ptolemies, 169; hatred of, for Ptolemies, 170; use of, in military service, 170 f.; admitted to Ptolemaic army, 180 f.; to civil service, 181.

Emperor, defined, 3 f.

Empire, defined, 1 ff.; of Rome, 4; legally impossible, 25; how secured, 38; of Athens, criticism of, 70 ff.; of Ptolemies, reasons for, 160 ff.

Ephorate, compared with Roman tribunate, 83 f.

Epirus, under Macedon, 235; deserts Macedon, 240.

Equality of states, 33, 237 f., 241.

Erythræ, Sibyl of, 128.

Ethne, predecessors of city-states, 6; in Egypt, 176 f.; rise of, in Hellas, 228; replaced by koina, 236.

Euhemerus, 142 f.

Eumenes, of Pergamum, revolts, 159.

Euripides, criticized by Plato, 104.

Europeans, contrast of, with Orientals, 131 ff.

Federation, defined, 3.

Feudal lords in Persian empire, 199.

Fiefs, in Seleucid empire, 200 f., 203 f.

Fleet, of Athens, 69 f.

Foreign policy, influence of, 238 f.

Freedom, origin of, in cities, 7 ff.

Gaza, battle of, 184.

Generals, special position of, in Athens, 58.

Gordian knot, 125 f.

Government, science of, born, 97.

Gracchus, Tiberius, 15.

Greece, golden age of, 41.

Greeks, mania of, for classifying things, 80 f.; absorbed by Egyptians, 181.