Section 1. the Right of Citizens of the United States to Vote Shall Not

be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

SECTION 2. Congress shall have power, by appropriate legislation, to enforce the provisions of this article.

INDEX

Adams, John, as President, 314.

Administrative courts in Europe, 364, n.

Ad valorem duties, 218.

Agriculture, Department of, 345-346.

Alaska, acquisition, 374. government, 372-374.

Aliens, disabilities of, 389. rights and duties of, 388. See also Citizenship.

Ambassadors of American government, 327.

Amendments of national constitution, fourth, 366. fifth, sixth, and eighth, 365, 366. eleventh, 355. twelfth, 280. fourteenth, 383-384, 176. fifteenth, 127, 176. sixteenth, 224. seventeenth, 184. eighteenth, 241. nineteenth, 129.

Amnesty, 320.

Animal Husbandry, Bureau of, 345.

Annapolis, Convention, 164. naval academy at, 268.

Annexation, citizenship through, 385.

Anti-Federalists, 170, 171.

Appointment, president's power of, 301.

Apportionment, in state legislatures, 76, 77. of federal representatives, 175.

Appraisal of customs duties, 221.

Appropriations, federal, 225. preparation of bills, 225.

Army, distribution of, 263, n. expenditures for, 264. general staff, 262. militia, 265-266. power of Congress over, 262. present strength, 263. ranks of officers, 268. salaries of officers, 264. volunteers, 264. war department, 333-336.

Arsenals, United States, location of, 335.

Articles of Confederation, 393. adoption of, 159-160. defects of, 161-164. government under, 160-161.

Attainder, 367; bill of attainder, 69, 59.

Attorney-General, of United States, 338.

Australian ballot, 135.

Bail, 119.

Ballot, Australian, 135. evolution of, 134. forms of, 135-137. reform of, 137-139.

Bankruptcy, hearing of petitions, 270. legislation by Congress, 269-270. state legislation, 269.

Banks, federal reserve, 233. national, 232, 332. postal savings, 254.

Bill of Rights, in state constitutions, 68-69.

Bills, in state legislatures, 82-84. in Congress, 204-205.

Bonds, United States, 226-227.

Bribery, 84-85, 140-142. in senatorial elections, 183.

Bryan, William J., candidate for President, 291.

Cabinet, appointment of members, 325. composition of, 324. origin and nature of, 324. responsibility of, 325.

Census, Bureau of, 347.

Centralized government, 5.

Charters, city, 31-33. method of granting, 31-32.

Chemistry, Bureau of, 346.

Chicago, budget of, in 1909, 41. police force, 44.

China, U.S. court in, 363.

Chinese, exclusion of, 239. ineligibility to citizenship, 385.

Cities, charters, 31-33. city manager plan of government, 53. commission plan of government, 51-53. finances, 41-44. growth of, 26-29. legislative interference in cities, 33-34. officers of, 35-41. position in state, 30. state control of, 30-31.

Citizens, treatment of by states, 63-64.

Citizenship, acquisition of, 383, 385. bureau of, 330. definition of, 383. disqualifications, 385. double citizenship, 386-387. duties and obligations, 390. interstate rights of citizens, 387. loss of, 386. rights of citizens, 389.

City council, 35-38; see Cities.

Civil cases, trial of in state courts, 115-118.

Civil service reform, in national government, 306. effect of competitive system, 309. examinations, 308. exempt positions, 308. extent of classified service, 307. in diplomatic and consular service, 327-329. law of 1883, 306. law of 1907, 309, n.

Civil service reform, state, 105-106.

Claims, Court of, 363.

Cleveland, Grover, as President, 227, 275. extension of civil service by, 307.

Coast and Geodetic Survey, 349.

Coast Guard, 333.

Commerce, anti-trust legislation, 244-245. federal regulation, 168-169. interstate, 240. Interstate Commerce Commission, 242. power to regulate, 236. pure food legislation, 246. regulation of foreign commerce by Congress, 236-240. regulation of railway traffic, 242-244.

Commerce, Department of, 346-349.

Commerce, Foreign and Domestic, Bureau of, 349.

Commerce Court, 364.

Commission, Interstate Commerce, 242.

Commission plan of city government, 51-53.

Committees, in Congress, 201-204, 206. conference, 212. committee on rules, 208, 210. committee of the whole, 207. forms of action in, 205. hearings, 205. reference of bills to, 204.

Committees, in state legislatures, 81.

Committees, party, 148-150, 289-290.

Commutation, 321.

Comptroller of the Currency, 332.

Concurrent resolutions, 319.

Congress, action on bills, 204-213. adjournment by President, 316. committees, 201-212. compensation of members, 188-189. control over election of members, 187. extra sessions, 315. open sessions, 200. organization, 197-199. powers, 248-272. implied powers, 270-272. powers under Articles, 160, 162-164. private bills, 204, n., 208. public bills, 204, n. quorum, 199. representation in, 166-167. rights and privileges of members, 189-190. rules of procedure, 206-215. seating of members, 200. sessions of, 175. suspension of rules, 208.

Constitution, federal compromises, 166-169. construction of, 270-271. making of, 165-169. opposition to, 169-170. prohibition on governments, 59. ratification of, 169-172.

Constitution, state, amendment of, 70. bill of rights, 68-69. contents of, 67-68. framing of, 64-65. length, 67. ratification, 65-66.

Constitutional Convention, 1787, compromises of, 166-169. personnel, 165. work of, 166.

Consular Service, Bureau of, 329. consular courts, 329, n. duties of consuls, 329. recent reforms, 329.

Continental Congress, 159.

Convention, national political, committees in, 287. nomination of candidates, 288. organization of, 287. platform, 288.

Conventions, state, 153-157.

Copyrights, 258-259.

Corporations, Bureau of, 349.

Corrupt practices, acts regulating, 140-142.

Council, city, 35-38. mode of election, 36-37. powers, 37. See also Cities.

County, government of, 14-20. officers, 16-20. population and area, 14.

County-township system of local government, 21-23

Courts, federal, 353-367.

Courts, state, 109-123. function of, 109. grades of state, 109-111. municipal courts, 50-51. qualifications of judges 112-113. trials, 115-123.

Criminal cases, trial of in state courts, 118-123.

Customs Appeals, U. S. Court of, 363.

Customs duties, collection of, 220.

Debt, national, 225. growth of, 227.

Dependencies, 379-381.

Diplomatic service, Bureau of, 326-327.

Direct legislation, 85-89.

Direct primary, 157.

District of Columbia, courts in, 364. government of, 380-381.

Division of powers, 58-59.

Education, Bureau of, 344-345.

Elections, ballots, 135-139. fraudulent voting, 140-142. manner of holding, 133, 139. registration for, 131. suffrage, 125-129. time of holding, 132.

Electoral college, 276, 277. method of voting in, 279-281.

Electoral Count Law, 283.

Embargo Act, 237.

Eminent domain, 69, 74.

Enabling Act, 65.

Engraving and Printing, Bureau of, 333.

Executive. See President and Governor.

Executive department, state, 91-106.

Expenditures, national, growth of, 225.

Ex post facto law, 69, 59.

Federalists, 170.

Federal land banks, 234.

Federal republic, 172.

Federal reserve banks, 233.

Federal trade commission, 245.

Fee system, in consular service, 330.

Fifteenth Amendment, 127, 176.

Filibustering, 207, 214.

Fire protection in cities, 47-48.

Fisheries, Bureau of, 348.

Foreign Relations. See State Department.

Forest Service, 346.

Fourteenth Amendment, 176, 383-384.

Franchises, of public utilities, 48-50. power of city council to grant, 37-38.

Franking, privilege of, 189.

Fugitives from justice, surrender of by states, 63.

Galveston, municipal government in, 51-52.

Garfield, James A., assassination, 294, 306.

General Staff, of War Department, 334.

Geological Survey, the, 334.

Gerrymander, 77, 177.

Governor, election and qualification, 91. powers, 96-99. salary, 92. term, 91.

Grand jury, 119.

Grant, U. S., candidate for third term, 276, n.

Greenbacks, 228, 231.

Guam, 379.

Habeas Corpus, 119. power of governor to suspend, 101. power of President to suspend, 312.

Hamilton, Alexander, 275, n. construction of constitution, 271.

Hawaiian Islands, 372.

Hayes, R. B., disputed election of, 282.

Health protection in cities, 46-47.

Henry, Patrick, opposition to Constitution, 171.

Home rule charters for cities, 32.

House of Representatives, national, 174-178. election of president, 283. procedure, 207-213. rules of, 207. See also Congress.

House of Representatives, state, 76. See also Legislature.

Illinois, minority representation in, 78.

Immigration, 238, n., 349.

Immigration and Naturalization, Bureaus of, 350.

Impeachment, federal, 192. state, 100.

Income taxes, 223.

Indexes and Archives, Bureau of, 330.

Indian affairs, allotment act, 342. Indian agents, 342. policy of government toward Indians, 342. schools for Indians, 342.

Indictment, by grand jury, 120.

Initiative and Referendum, 85-89.

Insular Affairs, Bureau of, 335-336.

Insular cases, 370.

Insurgents, in Republican party, 210.

Insurrection, power to suppress, 313.

Interior, Department of, 339-345.

International law, 390.

International Postal Union, 257.

Interstate commerce, 240.

Interstate Commerce Commission, 242.

Invasion, protection of states against, 313.

Jackson, Andrew, as President, 304.

Jefferson, Thomas, as President, 314. as president of senate, 282, n. construction of Constitution, 271. election to presidency, 284. vote for President, 280.

Johnson, Andrew, impeachment of, 293, 305. removal of officers, 304.

Joint resolutions, 204, n., 319.

Judges, of federal courts, 356 ff. of state courts, 112-115.

Judicial control over President, 321-322. over subordinate executive officers, 322.

Judiciary, federal, 353-367. in organized territories, 373. state, 109-123.

Jurisdiction. See Courts.

Justice, Department of, 338-339.

Labor, Department of, 350.

Land offices, 341.

Legislation, direct, 85-89.

Legislature, in organized territories, 373.

Legislature, state, compensation of members, 79. minority representation in, 77-78. organization, 80-82. passage of bill in, 82-84. powers of, 73, 74. sessions of, 78-79. structure, 75-77.

Life-Saving Service, 333.

Lighthouses, Bureau of, 348.

Lincoln, Abraham, as President, 275. popular vote for President, 279. powers exercised as President, 300.

Lobbying, 84-85.

Local government, conflict of systems in West, 21-22. importance of, 6-7. kinds, 5. merits, 6. types of, 7.

Local option liquor laws, 87.

Manufactures, promotion of, 349.

Marshall, Chief Justice, decision in Marbury v. Madison, 361. interpretation of Constitution, 271.

Massachusetts, constitution of, 66.

Mayor, the, 38-39.

McKinley, Wm., as President, 275, n., 294.

Merit system. See Civil Service Reform.

Military Academy, the, 336.

Military Secretary, the, 334.

Militia, the, 265-266.

Mines, Bureau of, 344.

Minority representation in state legislature, 77-78.

Mint, Director of, 332.

Mints, U.S., 228, n.

Mississippi, ratification of constitution of, 66.

Monetary system, 228-232.

Morrill Act, 340.

Municipal government, 25-50.

Naturalization, 350, 383-385.

Nautical Almanac, publication of, 337.

Naval Academy, U. S., 338.

Navigation, Bureaus of, 337, 347.

Navigation laws, 237.

Navy, the, 264-269.

Navy Department, 336-338.

Navy yards, location of, 337.

New England town, the, 8.

Newport, naval war college at, 268.

New York type of local government, 21-22.

New York city, budget of, 41. collections from customs duties in, 222. police force, 44.

Nonintercourse Act of 1809, 237.

Northern Securities case, 245.

Ordinance of 1787, 371.

Ordinances, power of the President to issue, 316.

Ordnance, Bureau of, 337.

Oregon, initiative and referendum in, 87, 88.

Original package doctrine, 241.

Pagopago, harbor of, 379.

Panama Canal, construction of, 271, 335.

Panama Canal Zone, 379-380.

Parcels post, 255.

Pardons, amnesty, 320. commutation, 321. extent of President's power over, 320. parole, 321. power of governor to grant, 102, 103.

Parole, 321.

Parties. See Political Parties.

Passports, 326.

Patent Office, 344.

Patents, 259-261. number granted, 261.

Pennsylvania type of local government, 22.

Pension Bureau, 343-344.

Philippine Islands, 374-378.

Plant Industry, Bureau of, 345.

Platform of political parties, 155, 288.

Police power, 241.

Police protection in cities, 44-46.

Political parties, conventions, 153-157, 287-288. local, 145. national, 145-148. nature and functions, 144. nomination of candidates, 153-157. organization, 148-150. platform, 155, 288. primaries of, 150-152.

Porto Rico, 374-376.

Ports of delivery, 220, n.

Postmaster-General, the, 339.

Post Office, the, classes, 257. classification of mail matter, 247. development of postal service, 248. "fraud orders," 249. free delivery, 252. international postal union, 257. mail matter, 249. money order service, 254. parcels post, 255. postal deficit, 249. postal savings banks, 254. postal subsidies, 256. rates of postage, 249. registry service, 253. second-class matter, 251.

Post Office Department, 339.

Powers, division of between state and national government, 58. of municipal corporations, 32.

President, campaigns for election of, 291. choice of President by electors, 279-281. choosing of electors, 277-279. compensation, 299. contributions by corporations forbidden, 292. counting of electoral vote, 281-283. creation of office, 274. election by House, 283-285. electoral and popular vote, 279. failure of electoral plan, 277. immunity from judicial control, 321. impeachment of, 322. inauguration, 298. mode of election, 276. powers and duties, 300-320. publicity of campaign contributions, 292-293. qualifications, 275. raising funds for campaign, 291. succession to presidency, 293-295. term of office, 275.

Previous question, the, 211.

Primaries, 150-153; direct primary, 156.

Privateer, 262.

Probation, 123.

Public defender, 121.

Public Health Service, in Department of the Treasury, 332.

Public lands, disposal of, 340. Homestead Act, 341. land offices, 341. Morrill Act, 340. Preëmption Act, 340. present extent of, 341.

Public Opinion Law, in Illinois, 87.

Public utilities, in municipalities, 48. government ownership of, 50.

Pure food, legislation concerning, 240, 246.

Quarantine, laws by Congress, 239.

Quartermaster Corps, 334.

Recall, 101.

Reciprocity treaties, 220.

Reed, Thomas B., rule on quorum, 200.

Referendum, 85-89.

Registration for elections, 131.

Removal, President's power of, 303-309.

Representatives, House of. See House, Congress, Legislature.

Resolutions, 204, n.

Revenue, sources of federal, 218.

Revenue Cutter Service, 333.

Roosevelt, Theodore, as President, 224, 275, n. extension of civil service by, 307.

Samoan Islands, 379.

Secret Service, the, 333.

Senate, national, as executive council to President, 274. classification of senators, 181. debate in, 214. mode of election, 181-184. power to amend revenue measures, 219, n. president of, 213. procedure in, 213-215. right of legislature to instruct, 185. special functions of, 190-194. See Congress.

Senate, state, 75. See Legislature.

Sherman Anti-Trust Law, 245.

Sherman treasury notes, 231.

Shipping board, 257.

Slavery compromise in Constitution, 167-168.

South Carolina, ratifies constitution, 66.

Speaker, English, 209. of House of Representatives, powers, 203, 209.

Special legislation, constitutional protection against, 34.

Specific duties, 218.

Spoils system, 106, 304. elimination of in diplomatic service, 327.

Standards, Bureau of, 349.

State, obligations and duties, 62-64. place of in federal system, 57. powers of, 59, 60. prohibitions on in federal Constitution, 59. rights and privileges, 60-62.

State boards and commissions, 104-105.

State, Department of, organization and functions, 325-330.

Steamboat Inspection Service, 348.

"Strike" bills, 85.

Succession Law of 1792, 294. of 1886, 295.

Suffrage, nature of elective franchise, 125. qualifications for voting, 125-129. woman suffrage, 128.

Supervising Architect, 333.

Surgeon General, 334.

Taft, Wm. H., governor of Philippines, 377.

Tariff, maximum and minimum principle, 219. preparation of bill, 219. protective, 218.

Taxation, federal, collection of taxes, 222. collection of customs duties, 220. corporation tax, 224. customs duties, 218. forms of federal taxes, 217. income taxes, 223. inheritance taxes, 224. internal revenue taxes, 221. national power of, 217. protective tariff, 218. reciprocity treaties, 220. tariff bills, 219.

Taxation, Municipal, 42.

Territories, courts in, 364. extension of Constitution to, 369. government of organized, 372-374. Northwest Territory, 371. origin of territorial system, 370. partly organized, 374-378. powers of Congress over, 369. representation of in Congress, 175, n. unorganized, 379-381.

Territory, government of occupied, 312.

Tobacco, tax on, 222.

Tonnage laws, 237.

Town meeting, the, 9-10. conditions unfavorable to, 10-11.

Town system of local government, 7, 13. officers of, 11-14. powers of, 8-9.

Treason, punishment of, 366-367.

Treasury, Department of, 331-332.

Treaties, negotiation of, 310, 328. senate's share in making, 310.

Treaty, reciprocity, 220.

Trials, in courts, 115-123.

Tutuila, 379.

United States funds, deposit of, 224.

Veto, exercise of power by President, 212, 213, 317. importance of, 319. power of governor, 97-99. use of in practice, 318.

Vice President, election by senate, 285. electoral vote for, 280. nomination of, 289. presiding officer of, 197.

Village government, 53.

Voting machines, 139.

War, Department of, organization and functions, 333-336.

Warrants, issued by secretary of state, 326.

Washington, George, as President, 275, 314, 356.

Weather Bureau, the, 345.

West Point Military Academy, 336.

Wilson, James, 275, n.

Yards and Docks, Bureau of, 337.