Part 10

For a further discussion of the conditions prevalent upon Jupiter see Circulation of the Atmosphere of Planets, previously quoted.

Except hot or warm lava covered areas, and the protected or “unglaciated areas” to the eastward of such lava overflows. (See page 44 and note page 14.)

The Columbian Lava Plains of North America aggregate some 150,000 square miles; the Deccan Lava Plains of India cover an almost unbroken plain 200,000 square miles in area. No Geologists ascribe these lava overflows to an earlier date than the Tertiary; the author could find no reason to assign the Columbian Lava Plain to so early a period, and strong reasons to assign the continuance of the flow to the later Quaternary; of the Deccan Plain he is unable to speak. (See Trans. Geological Society of Australasia, vol. i, part vi, p. 162, note. Also Mining and Scientific Press, Feb. 6th, 1892.)

Climatic changes indicated by Glaciers.

Prof. I. C. Russell, Am. Geologist, May, 1892, vol. ix, No. 5. In addition to the very extensive list of authorities there quoted by Prof. Russell, see also Report of The British Ass’n. 1881, p. 742.

Life of Agassiz, Vol. II, pp. 717 to 729 and pp. 743 to 747.

At the culmination of the Ice Age evaporation reached its minimum, and hence precipitation was also at a minimum. Since that Age evaporation has slowly increased; the amount of moisture in the atmosphere being dependant upon its temperature, this amount has also increased. The aggregate amount of evaporation and the aggregate amount of precipitation is slowly increasing, and has the moderate limit fixed by natural laws for increase of mean temperature. Mars appears to have progressed further in this mean condition than the earth. The smaller mass partly accounts for this.

Archives des Sciences, vol. v, p. 293. Proc. Royal Soc., vol. xiii, p. 160.

Archives des Sciences, Berne, vol. lvii, p. 293, et seq.

Dr. Cleveland Abbe, U. S. Meteorological Bureau. Am. Jour. of Science, May, 1892, vol. xliii, p. 364.

The albedo of Jupiter is 0.62; that of Mars, 0.26, of the moon 0.174. It will be observed that the planets distinctly shrouded in clouds have high reflective powers; those planets and satellites not shrouded have very low powers. Venus, in this respect, seems to have a partially obscured atmosphere, her albedo being 0.50.

General Astronomy.--Young; p. 337.

Venus presents a condition which suggests that she may be partly shrouded in clouds, shutting out solar heat, just as the thermal equator of the earth is thus partly protected by the equatorial cloud ring.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE

Page 6: “unequal subaerial denudation” changed to “unequal sub-aerial denudation”

Page 16: “two spheroidal iostherms” changed to “two spheroidal isotherms”

Page 25: “whole system of preglacial” changed to “whole system of pre-glacial”

Page 30: “at variance with those ante-dating” changed to “at variance with those antedating”

Page 31: “less in the Antartic” changed to “less in the Antarctic”

Page 33: “lowered one hundreed” changed to “lowered one hundred”

Page 35: “way into a subtropical growth” changed to “way into a sub-tropical growth”

Page 35: “are really coroborative” changed to “are really corroborative”

Page 46: “maintaining the cloud envelop” changed to “maintaining the cloud envelope”

Page 48: “light received by the earth” changed to “light received by the earth.”

Footnote 4: “la Mer. Déluges Périodique” changed to “la Mer. Déluges Périodiques”