Section 16.... "_provided_, That Should the Lieutenant

general be retired under this act, it shall be without reduction in his current pay, subsistence, and allowances."

On October 31, 1861, General Scott addressed Hon. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War, the following communication:

"SIR: For more than three years I have been unable, from a hurt, to mount a horse or to walk more than a few paces at a time, and that with much pain. Other and new infirmities--dropsy and vertigo--admonish me that repose of mind and body, with the appliances of surgery and medicine, are necessary to add a little more to a life already protracted much beyond the usual space of man. It is under such circumstances, made doubly painful by the unnatural and unjust rebellion now raging in the Southern States of our lately prosperous and happy Union, that I am compelled to request that my name be placed on the list of army officers retired from active service. As this request is founded on an absolute right, granted by a recent act of Congress, I am at liberty to say that it is with deep regret that I withdraw myself in these momentous times from the orders of a President who has treated me with much distinguished kindness and courtesy, whom I know upon much personal intercourse to be patriotic, without sectional prejudices; to be highly conscientious in the performance of every duty, and of unrivaled activity and perseverance; and to you, Mr. Secretary, whom I now officially address for the last time, I beg to acknowledge my many obligations for the uniform high consideration I have received at your hands, and I have the honor to remain, sir, with the highest respect, etc."

The following day, November 1st, a special meeting of the Cabinet was convened, and it was decided that the request, under the circumstances set forth in the letter, should be complied with. At four o'clock of that day the President and his Cabinet proceeded to the residence of General Scott. The scene is well described by General Edward Davis Townsend, a member of the general's staff, who was an eye-witness, and who says: "Being seated, the President read to the general the following order:

"'On the 1st day of November, A.D. 1861, upon his own application to the President of the United States, Brevet Lieutenant-General Winfield Scott is ordered to be placed upon the list of retired officers of the Army of the United States, without reduction in his current pay, subsistence, or allowance. The American people will hear with sadness and deep emotion that General Scott has withdrawn from the active control of the army, while the President and unanimous Cabinet express their own and the nation's sympathy in his personal affliction, and their profound sense of the important public services rendered by him to his country during his long and brilliant career, among which will be gratefully distinguished his faithful devotion to the Constitution, the Union, and the flag when assailed by parricidal rebellion.

"ABRAHAM LINCOLN.'

"General Scott thereupon arose and addressed the Cabinet, who had also risen, as follows:

"'President, this honor overwhelms me. It overpays all the services I have attempted to render my country. If I had any claims before, they are all obliterated by this expression of approval by the President, with the remaining support of the Cabinet. I know the President and his Cabinet well. I know that the country has placed its interests in this trying crisis in safe keeping. Their counsels are wise, their labors as untiring as they are loyal, and their course is the right one.

"'President, you must excuse me. I am unable to stand longer to give utterance to the feelings of gratitude which oppress me. In my retirement I shall offer up my prayers to God for this Administration and for my country. I shall pray for it with confidence in its success over all enemies, and that speedily.'

"The President then took leave of General Scott, giving him his hand, and saying that he hoped soon to write him a private letter expressive of his gratitude and affection.... Each member of the Administration then gave his hand to the veteran and retired in profound silence."

The Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of War accompanied General Scott to New York the next morning. On the same day (November 1st) Secretary Cameron addressed the lieutenant general the following letter in response to the latter's of the day previous:

"GENERAL: It was my duty to lay before the President your letter of yesterday, asking to be relieved on the recent act of Congress. In separating from you, I can not refrain from expressing my deep regret that your health, shattered by long service and repeated wounds received in your country's defense, should render it necessary for you to retire from your high position at this momentous period of our history. Although you are not to remain in active service, I yet hope that while I continue in charge of the department over which I now preside I shall at all times be permitted to avail myself of the benefits of your wise counsels and sage experience. It has been my good fortune to enjoy a personal acquaintance with you for over thirty years, and the pleasant relations of that long time have been greatly strengthened by your cordial and entire co-operation in all the great questions which have occupied the department and convulsed the country for the last six months. In parting from you I can only express the hope that a merciful Providence that has protected you amid so many trials will improve your health and continue your life long after the people of the country shall have been restored to their former happiness and prosperity. I am, general, very sincerely,

"Your friend and servant."

In his first annual message to Congress, Mr. Lincoln deplores the physical necessity that compelled the retirement of Scott in the following language:

"Since your last adjournment Lieutenant-General Scott has retired from the head of the army. During his long life the nation has not been unmindful of his merits; yet, in calling to mind how faithfully and ably and brilliantly he has served his country, from a time far back in our history, when few now living had been born, and thenceforward continually, I can not but think we are still his debtors. I submit, therefore, for your consideration what further mark of consideration is due to him and to ourselves as a grateful people."

In virtue of this act and in pursuance of the foregoing request on November 1, 1861, the lieutenant general having been retired from active service, General Orders No. 94 announced that "the President is pleased to direct that Major-General George B. McClellan assume command of the Army of the United States." On assuming the important command to which he had been designated, General McClellan on the same day issued his General Orders No. 19, in which he gracefully and feelingly alludes to the retiring commander:

"The army will unite with me in the feeling of regret that the weight of many years and the effect of increasing infirmities, contracted and intensified in his country's service, should just now remove from our head the great soldier of our nation--the hero who in his youth raised high the reputation of his country on the fields of Canada, which he hallowed with his blood; who in more mature years proved to the world that American skill and valor could repeat, if not eclipse, the exploits of Cortez in the land of the Montezumas; whose life has been devoted to the service of his country; whose whole efforts have been directed to uphold our honor at the smallest sacrifice of life; a warrior who scorned the selfish glories of the battlefield when his great abilities as a statesman could be employed more profitably to his country; a citizen who in his declining years has given to the world the most shining instances of loyalty in disregarding all ties of birth and clinging to the cause of truth and honor--such has been the career, such the character, of WINFIELD SCOTT, whom it has long been the delight of the nation to honor, both as a man and a soldier. While we regret his loss, there is one thing we can not regret--the bright example he has left for our emulation. Let us all hope and pray that his declining years may be passed in peace and happiness, and that they may be cheered by the success of the country and the cause he has fought for and loved so well. Beyond all that, let us do nothing that can cause him to blush for us; let no defeat of the army he has so long commanded embitter his last years, but let our victories illuminate the close of a life so grand." General Scott lived to see the fulfillment of this devout prayer in a restoration of the union of the States.

General Scott held in great reverence the fame and memory of the Father of his Country, and was desirous that Mount Vernon should be left undisturbed during the trouble arising from the civil war. A report was sent abroad that the bones of Washington had been removed. This report was wholly without foundation, but it created a great deal of excitement in both sections of the country. Through the efforts of the lady regent who resided there, an understanding was arrived at by which it should be regarded by both sides as neutral ground. The general, however, issued General Orders No. 13, July 31, 1861, from which is quoted: "Should the operations of the war take the United States troops in that direction, the general in chief does not doubt that each and every man will approach with due reverence and leave uninjured not only the tombs, but also the house, the groves, and walks which were so loved by the best and greatest of men." It is true that neither party ever invaded the sacred precincts where repose the remains of the illustrious Washington, but they were found when the war closed to be in as fair a state of preservation as was possible under the circumstances, and of partial suspension of husbandry. No act of vandalism was attempted.

In the fall of 1861 Brigadier-General Charles P. Stone obtained permission from General Scott to take a brigade and make a demonstration along the line of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal toward Harper's Ferry in order to afford an outlet for the fine wheat that had been harvested about Leesburg, Virginia, to the large flouring mills at Georgetown, adjoining Washington. This led to the battle of Ball's Bluff, or Leesburg, October 21st, the death of Colonel Edward D. Baker, of the Seventy-first Pennsylvania Infantry, and at the time a senator in Congress from the State of Oregon, and the subsequent arrest and close confinement of the unfortunate commander for several months without charges of any nature having been preferred against him.

On November 9, 1861, General Scott sailed for Europe in the steamer Arago for Havre to join his wife, who was in Paris. Mr. Thurlow Weed, a thorough loyalist and prominent politician, was a passenger on the same ship. He and General Scott had been on terms of intimacy for over thirty years. During the passage over the general gave Mr. Weed the true version of how he came near being made a prisoner in 1814. After apologizing in advance for the question about to be put and receiving permission to propound it, Mr. Weed said: "General, did anything remarkable happen to you on the morning of the battle of Chippewa?" The general answered: "Yes, something did happen to me--something very remarkable. I will now for the third time in my life repeat the story:

"The fourth day of July, 1814, was one of extreme heat. On that day my brigade skirmished with a British force commanded by General Riall from an early hour in the morning till late in the afternoon. We had driven the enemy down the river some twelve miles to Street's Creek, near Chippewa, where we encamped for the night, our army occupying the west, while that of the enemy was encamped on the east side of the creek. After our tents had been pitched I noticed a flag borne by a man in a peasant's dress approaching my marquee. He brought a letter from a lady who occupied a large mansion on the opposite side of the creek, informing me that she was the wife of a member of Parliament who was then in Quebec; that her children, servants, and a young lady friend were alone with her in the house; that General Riall had placed a sentinel before her door; and that she ventured, with great doubts of the propriety of the request, to ask that I would place a sentinel upon the bridge to protect her against stragglers from our camp. I assured the messenger that the lady's request should be complied with. Early the next morning the same messenger, bearing a white flag, reappeared with a note from the same lady, thanking me for the protection she had enjoyed, adding that, in acknowledgment for my civilities, she begged that I would, with such members of my staff as I chose to bring with me, accept the hospitalities of her house at a breakfast which had been prepared with considerable attention and was quite ready. Acting upon an impulse which I never have been able to analyze or comprehend, I called my two aids, Lieutenants Worth and Watts, and returned with the messenger.

"We met our hostess at the door, who ushered us into the dining room, where breakfast awaited us and where the young lady previously referred to was already seated by the coffee urn, our hostess asking to be excused for a few minutes, and the young lady immediately served our coffee. Before we had broken our fast, Lieutenant Watts rose from the table to get his bandanna (that being before the days of napkins), which he had left in his cap on a side table by the window, glancing through which he saw Indians approaching the house on one side and redcoats approaching it on the other, with an evident purpose of surrounding it and us, and instantly exclaimed, 'General, we are betrayed!' Springing from the table and clearing the house, I saw our danger, and, remembering Lord Chesterfield had said, 'Whatever it is proper to do it is proper to do well,' and as we had to run and as my legs were longer than those of my companions, I soon outstripped them. As we made our escape we were fired at, but got across the bridge in safety."

After the battle of Chippewa the mansion described, being the largest near by, was used as a hospital for the wounded officers of both armies. The general went there to visit his officers, whom he found on the second floor. On going there he met the hostess, who, by her flurried and embarrassed manner, impressed the general with the belief that she had endeavored to entrap him. But years after General Scott was inclined to give her the benefit of the doubt and think that the presence at the house of himself and staff was accidentally discovered by the Indians and British.

The Arago touched at Southampton to discharge the English mail and passengers, and here an exciting incident occurred. When the anchor had been cast, a vessel steamed up, flying the Confederate colors, which proved to be the cruiser Nashville. All was astir on the Arago, as an attack was expected as soon as that vessel had cleared port and got into neutral waters. The general asked the captain of the vessel what means of defense he had. It was found that thirty muskets and two cannon were available. The crew and those of the passengers who were fit for duty were formed upon the forward deck and the business of drilling was commenced, the general advising and in great measure directing the preparations for defense. It turned out, however, that the Nashville had put into Southampton for repairs, and the Arago proceeded on her voyage in safety. After remaining one day at Havre General Scott proceeded to Paris. The steamer that followed the Arago brought news of the "Trent affair." On November 8, 1861, Commodore Charles Wilkes, in command of the United States steamer San Jacinto, on his return from the coast of Africa, put into Havana. On the same day the British mail steamer Trent sailed from that port, having on board as passengers James M. Mason, of Virginia, and John Slidell, of Louisiana, Confederate plenipotentiaries to France and England. The San Jacinto overhauled the Trent in the Bahama Straits, brought her to by a shot across the bow, arrested and removed the Confederate commissioners and their secretaries from the mail steamer, and brought them to Fortress Monroe, where Commodore Wilkes awaited instructions from Washington. They were subsequently removed to Fort Warren, in Boston Harbor. The arrest and removal of these Confederate diplomats created great excitement in England, and for a time it was feared that hostilities between the countries would ensue. The affair was commented upon severely by the press, and the subjects of Her Britannic Majesty were at fever heat. Eight thousand British soldiers were immediately dispatched to Canada, and the shipyards were put to their utmost capacity. When the news and the excitement reached the old hero, who had hoped that he would find some rest in Paris after his long and eventful career, he determined at once to return to his native country and be on the spot should his counsel and advice be needed. He took the same steamer that he had gone out on and returned home. The Trent affair was settled by surrendering the Confederate commissioners, and war was happily averted.

During the years that followed, his advice was frequently sought by the President and others high in authority. It was at West Point that the general received the Prince of Wales when he visited this country, and at the same place the interview occurred between Scott and Grant when the former presented the latter a gift "from the oldest to the greatest general." In December, 1865, General Scott went to Key West, Fla., and remained there a portion of the winter. On returning, he spent a few weeks in New York city, and then went to West Point. It was then the incident mentioned took place between him and General Grant.

As early as February 27, 1829, a report was made to Congress by the Committee on Military Affairs upon the subject of establishing an "army asylum fund," and letters were submitted from the major general commanding and other officers of the army expressive of their views on the subject. In February, 1840, General Robert Anderson (then a captain in the adjutant general's department) addressed a letter to Hon. John Reynolds, giving his views upon the benefits and advantages which would result from establishing such an institution, with suggestions for a plan for one. This letter formed the basis of a report, January 7, 1841, by the Committee on Military Affairs, submitting a bill in which the measures suggested therein were embraced, and urging the necessary legislation as commending itself "by every attribute and motive of patriotism, benevolence, national gratitude, and economy." General Scott was deeply interested in the subject, and in 1844 gave it special prominence in his annual report, which led to a report as theretofore from the military committee. On March 5, 1846, a report was also made on a memorial of the officers of the army stationed at Fort Moultrie and the petition of officers of the Second United States Infantry, and later (on January 19, 1848) upon the memorial of the officers of the army then in Mexico. The committee in each case approved and recommended the passage of the bill reported January 7, 1841. The plan, however, did not assume practical shape until the transmission by General Scott of the draft for one hundred thousand dollars, a part of the tribute levied on the City of Mexico for the benefit of the army, requesting that it might be allowed to go to the credit of the asylum fund. He says in a letter dated November, 1849, referring to the same matter: "The draft was payable to me, and, in order to place the deposit beyond the control of any individual functionary whatever, I indorsed it. The Bank of America will place the within amount to the credit of the army asylum, subject to the order of Congress." This fund, together with a balance of eighteen thousand seven hundred and ninety-one dollars and nineteen cents remaining from the same levy, was subsequently appropriated to found the asylum. By the act those who are entitled to the benefits of the asylum were soldiers of twenty years' service and men, whether pensioners or not, who have been disabled by wounds or disease in the service in the line of duty. An honorable discharge is a preliminary requisite to admission. The inmates are all thus civilians. At first the general in chief, the generals commanding the Eastern and Western military divisions, the chiefs of the quartermaster's, commissary, pay, and medical departments, and the adjutant general of the army composed the board of commissioners ex officio to administer the affairs of the institution. An unexpended balance of fifty-four thousand three hundred and nineteen dollars and twenty-three cents was appropriated "for the benefit of discharged soldiers disabled by wounds." A perpetual revenue was provided from "stoppages and fines imposed by court-martial," "forfeitures on account of desertion," a certain portion of the hospital and post fund of each station, moneys belonging to the estates of deceased soldiers not claimed for three years; also a deduction of twenty-five cents per month with his consent from the pay of each enlisted man. The act of Congress of March 3, 1859, changed the provisions of the original act and reduced the number of commissioners to three--the commissary general of subsistence, the surgeon general, and the adjutant general of the army, substituted the name of "Soldiers' Home" for "Military Asylum," and extended the benefits of the Home to the soldiers of the War of 1812. The act of Congress of March 3, 1883, added the general in chief commanding the army, the quartermaster general, the judge advocate general, and the governor of the Home to the board of commissioners; these officers, together with those already named, compose the board. By the same act pensioners who are inmates of the Home may assign their pension and have the same or any portion thereof paid to a wife, child, or parent if living; otherwise the pension is paid to the treasurer of the Home and held by him in trust for the pensioner, who may, while an inmate, draw upon it for necessary purposes, and receive whatever balance may remain upon his discharge.

In 1851 temporary asylums were established at New Orleans, La., Greenwoods Island, Miss., and Washington, D.C. The one at New Orleans continued about one year. A tract of land was purchased in Mississippi comprising one hundred and ten acres in 1853, and was occupied until 1855. At this date the inmates were removed to a branch asylum near Harrodsburg, Mercer County, Ky. This latter asylum was discontinued in 1858 under the act of March 3, 1857, and the inmates transferred to the Home near Washington, which was established in 1851-'52. This Home is situated about three miles due north of the Capitol of the nation. At first it comprised two hundred and fifty-six acres of land. Subsequent acquisitions by purchases have been added, so that now the grounds comprise five hundred acres and three quarters. The largest part of the grounds are woodland, a portion being cultivated for the benefit of the Home, and through it nearly ten miles of graded, macadamized roads have been constructed, winding through the groves of native and foreign selected trees. The park is open to the public at proper hours, and forms a favorite drive and walk for the residents of and visitors to Washington. The principal building for the inmates is of white marble, the south part being called the Scott Building, after the founder of the institution, and the addition on the north is called the Sherman Building, after General W.T. Sherman. The old homestead building to the west of and not far from the Scott Building is called the Robert Anderson Building, in commemoration of the early advocacy of and interest in the establishment of the Home by that officer. This building was the home of the first inmates, and has frequently been used as the summer residence of the Presidents. It has been occupied by Presidents Buchanan, Lincoln, Hayes, and Arthur. There is a building to the east called the King Building, after Benjamin King, U.S.A., who was the surgeon in charge for thirteen years. Brick quarters were erected to the northeast of the Sherman Building in 1883, and, in honor of General Philip H. Sheridan, is named the Sheridan Building. There is a neat chapel built of red sandstone, which was completed in 1871, where religious services, both Protestant and Roman Catholic, are regularly held. The officers in immediate charge of the Home are a governor, a deputy governor, a secretary and treasurer, and a medical officer detailed from the army. The inmates who are not pensioned receive one dollar a month pocket money, and twenty-five cents a day for such labor as they are detailed for and willing to perform. Some beneficiaries who have families receive a small monthly stipend and reside elsewhere than at the Home. The whole number of permanent inmates admitted up to September 30, 1892, was 8,086. The number on the rolls January 31, 1893, was 1,196; of these, 824 were present at the Home, some receiving outside assistance, and some being absent on furlough.

A heroic statue in bronze of Lieutenant-General Winfield Scott, by Launt Thompson, was erected in 1874 on the most commanding point of the grounds. Aside from the artistic finish of the statue, it is a wonderful likeness of the subject. There is also a perfectly designed hospital for the sick and an infirmary for the aged and helpless, which was completed in 1876. No grander or more lasting monument could be erected to perpetuate the memory of the illustrious general than the Soldiers' Home near Washington.

General Scott, in his later years, was very impatient of contradiction, but when convinced that he was in error was always ready to acknowledge it. In a diary of Colonel (now General) James Grant Wilson, who was at that time aid-de-camp to General Banks, occurs the following:

"On the morning of the 19th of February, 1864, I spent an hour with Scott at his quarters, Delmonico's, corner Fourteenth Street and Fifth Avenue. During our conversation he mentioned that he was engaged in writing his Memoirs, and that he experienced a great deal of annoyance from his difficulty in obtaining dates relating to events in the southwest. He expressed regret that Gayarre, whom he knew and had met before the war, had not published the third volume of the History of Louisiana, which he [Scott] knew was in manuscript. I remarked that I thought I had seen the work in three octavo volumes. 'No, you have not seen three volumes. There are only two published, and the first is a small 18mo volume,' was the old gentleman's answer. I further added that it was my impression that I had seen three, when the old soldier settled the matter by saying, 'Your impressions are entirely wrong, colonel.' An hour later I purchased the third volume at a Broadway bookseller's, and sent it to him with the following note:

"'FIFTH AVENUE HOTEL, February 19, 1864.

"'MY DEAR GENERAL: I have much pleasure in sending you the third volume of Gayarre's History of Louisiana, which I trust may contain the desired information. Should you wish to refer to the first volume of his work, you will find it at the Astor Library. It is an octavo volume of about five hundred pages, published by Harper & Brothers, of this city. I have the honor to be, general, very truly yours,

(Signed) "'JAS GRANT WILSON,

"'Col., A.D.C.

"'Lieutenant-General WINFIELD SCOTT.'

"Called on Scott soon after my arrival from New Orleans (early in October, 1864), and had a very pleasant interview. Almost the first thing he said was thanking me most kindly for the third volume of Gayarre's History, and apologizing for his mistake. Told me his Memoirs were completed and in press; that he had closed them abruptly, as he was fearful that his end was near, during the early part of the summer--about June, I think he said."

General Scott's health continuing bad, he was conveyed in a quartermaster's boat from New York to West Point by General Stewart Van Vliet, accompanied by several personal friends. He died at the West Point Hotel a few minutes after eleven o'clock, May 29, 1866. The last words which he spoke were to his coachman: "Peter, take good care of my horse." He was buried, in accordance with his oft-expressed wish, in the West Point Cemetery; on June 1st, his remains being accompanied to the grave by some of the most illustrious men of the country, including General Grant and Admiral Farragut. The horse mentioned above was a splendid animal, seventeen hands high and finely formed. The last time that General Scott mounted him was in the latter part of 1859, which he did with the aid of a stepladder, for the purpose of having an equestrian portrait painted for the State of Virginia. The war coming on, the picture passed into possession of the Mercantile Library of New York.

The author received a letter from the late Rutherford B. Hayes in January, 1892, in which he said: "On my Southern tour in 1877 I repeated two or three times something like this, purporting to be quoted from General Scott: 'When the war is over and peace restored, there will be no difficulty in restoring harmonious and friendly relations between the soldiers of the sections. The great trouble will be to restore and keep the peace between the non-belligerent combatants of the war.' I did not hear the remark of General Scott. My recollection is that I heard it from General Rosecrans." ...

On submitting President Hayes's letter to General Rosecrans, he made the following statement: "I heard that story about General Scott from General Charles P. Stone. General Stone was on the staff of General Scott. At the beginning of the war, in the spring of 1861, he was directed to organize the militia of the District of Columbia, and was present when the following occurred, as he told me personally. Shortly after the fall of Sumter and the President's call for troops, Secretaries Seward, Chase, and Cameron came to General Scott's residence in Washington one evening and found him at the dinner table. One of them said: 'General, our duties as members of the Cabinet make it very desirable for us to have some idea of what the probable range and course of the war will be, that we may guide ourselves accordingly. We have therefore come to you to get your judgment on the situation.' On the general's invitation, they sat down at his dinner table, and he went on to explain his idea of how the war would progress from year to year. While he was talking, Mr. Seward seemed to be somewhat impatient, and put in several little interruptions, but finally subsided and allowed General Scott to proceed. The general gave an outline of a war probably lasting from three and one half to four years, but resulting in favor of the Union.

"On the general's announcement of his opinion that the Union would triumph, Mr. Seward, rubbing his hands, inquired, 'Well, general, then the troubles of the Federal Government will be at an end.' To which General Scott replied, 'No, gentlemen, for a long time thereafter it will require the exercise of the full powers of the Federal Government to restrain the fury of the noncombatants.'"

To a young army officer he gave the following advice: "You are now beginning life; you are ignorant of society and of yourself. You appear to be industrious and studious enough to fit yourself for high exploits in your profession, and your next object should be to make yourself a perfect man of the world. To do that you must carefully observe well-bred men. You must also learn to converse and to express your thoughts in proper language. You must make acquaintances among the best people, and take care always to be respectful to old persons and to ladies." General Scott was always extremely gallant and courteous to ladies and greatly enjoyed the society of intelligent and refined women. As stated in the early part of this work, General Scott had been an industrious student of the law, and the knowledge thus acquired was of great service to him throughout his eventful career. He was well read in the standard English authors--Shakespeare, Milton, Addison, Pope, Johnson, Goldsmith, Dryden, Hume, Gibbon, and the early English novelists. He was a constant reader of the best foreign and American periodicals and the leading newspapers of the day. He was of the opinion that wars would never cease, and therefore took little interest in peace societies.

He held the opinion that the study of the higher mathematics had a tendency to lessen the ability to move armies in the field, yet expressed regret that he had not in his youth given more study to the subject. He was very fond of whist, but was quite irritated when he was beaten and generally had a ready excuse for his defeat. On one occasion he was playing a very close game, in the midst of which he left the table to expectorate in the fireplace. He lost the game and said to one of the party, "Young gentleman, do you know why I lost that game?" "No, sir," was the response. "It was because I got up to spit." Scott was also a good chess player.

He used tobacco somewhat excessively until the close of the Mexican War, after which time he renounced its use entirely. He was exceedingly vain of his accomplishments as a cook and specially prided himself on the knowledge of how to make good bread. He spent several days in instructing the cook at Cozzens' Hotel, West Point, in this art, and did not desist until the bread was made according to his standard. He had a great aversion to dining alone, and rather than do so would cheerfully pay for the meal of any pleasant friend whom he would invite to dine with him. General Scott openly professed himself a Christian and was a regular attendant at the services of the Episcopal Church. He was broad and liberal in his views and condemned no man who differed with him in religious opinion. He usually carried a large, stout, gold-headed cane, and after entering his pew would rest both hands on its head and bow his head, praying in silence. It was difficult for him to kneel on account of his size. He scrupulously joined with the greatest decorum and seriousness in all the services of the church, responding in a distinct, loud voice.

He was impatient with persons who could not recollect or did not know of dates and events which were conspicuous in his life. He was asked at one time the date of the battle of Chippewa. He answered blandly, "July 5, 1814." Turning to a friend, he remarked, "There is fame for you." The same party inquired in what State he was born. He answered, "Virginia." "Ah," said the questioner, "I thought you were a native of Connecticut." This left him in a bad humor for the remainder of the evening. The editor of this series has said of him: "General Scott was a man of true courage--personally, morally, and religiously brave. He was in manner, association, and feeling courtly and chivalrous. He was always equal to the danger--great on great occasions. His unswerving loyalty and patriotism were always conspicuous, and of such a lofty character that had circumstances rendered the sacrifice necessary he would have unhesitatingly followed the glorious example of the Swiss hero of Sempach, who gave his life to his country six hundred years ago.... He was too stately in his manners and too exacting in his discipline--that power which Carnot calls 'the glory of the soldier and the strength of armies.' A brief anecdote will illustrate the strictness of his discipline. While on duty he always required officers to be dressed according to their rank in the minutest particular. The general's headquarters in Mexico comprised two rooms, one opening into the other. In the rear room General Scott slept. One night after the general had retired a member of his staff wanted some water. The evening was warm and the hour late, being past midnight. The officer rose to go in his shirt sleeves. He was cautioned against the experiment as a dangerous one, for if Scott caught him in his quarters with his coat off he would punish him. The officer said he would risk it--that the general was asleep, and he would make no noise. He opened the door softly and went on tiptoe to the water pitcher. He had no time to drink before he heard the tinkle of the bell, and the sentinel outside the door entered. 'Take this man to the guardhouse,' was the brief order, and the coatless captain spent the night on a hard plank under guard." He did not conceal his opinions of men or measures, and hence he very often gave offense. It should be borne in mind that the public men of the age when General Scott came on the stage, both military and civil, were as a rule dignified, formal, and to some extent dogmatic. They held themselves with great dignity, and their magnetism was the result of their commanding abilities and high character, and they did not rely for popularity upon the methods of modern times.

General Grant, in mentioning General Scott's Mexican campaign, says: "Both the strategy and tactics displayed by General Scott in the various engagements of August 20, 1847, were faultless, as I look upon them now after the lapse of so many years." And further: "General Scott enjoys the rare distinction of having held high and successful command in two wars, which were a full generation apart. In 1847 he commanded, in Mexico, the sons of those officers who aided in his brilliantly successful campaign against the British on the borders of Canada in 1814." Daniel Webster, in a speech delivered in the United States Senate February 20, 1848, said: "I understand, sir, that, there is a report from General Scott, a man who has performed the most brilliant campaign on recent military record, a man who has warred against the enemy, warred against the climate, warred against a thousand unpropitious circumstances, and has carried the flag of his country to the capital of the enemy--honorably, proudly, humanely--to his own permanent honor and the great military credit of his country. And where is he? At Pueblo--at Pueblo, undergoing an inquiry before his inferiors in rank, and other persons without military rank, while the high powers he has exercised and executed with so much distinction are transferred to another--I do not say to one unworthy of them, but to one inferior in rank, station, and experience to himself." No more fitting close to this sketch of his life can be given than to quote the words of his friend, General Wilson: "He has bequeathed to his country a name pure and unspotted--a name than which the republic has few indeed that shine with a brighter luster, and a name that will go down to future generations with those of the greatest captains of the nineteenth century."

INDEX.

Abadie, Captain, Louisiana volunteers, 101.

Aberdeen, Lord, British Minister, 151.

Abraham, negro, Indian interpreter, 74.

Adams, George, Lieutenant, 253.

Adams, John Quincy, ex-President, 153.

Adams, the British vessel, captured, 13.

Allen, Captain, 17.

Alvarez, Mexican General, 219, 221, 231.

Amatha, Charley, 79.

American forces surrender to General Sheaffe, 18.

Ampudia, Pedro de, Mexican General, surrenders, 155, 156.

Anaya, Don Pedro Maria, General, elected President of Mexico, 257.

Andrews, Timothy P., Colonel, 226.

Anderson, Robert, General, 135, 322, 326.

Anecdote of Colonel Scott and a Roman Catholic priest, 19.

Armistice violated; General Scott's letter to President of Mexican Republic, 218.

Arnold, Ripley A., Lieutenant, attacked by Indians, 115.

Arista, Mariano, Mexican General, 155.

Arthur, President, 326.

Assiola, Indian Chief, 88.

Atkinson, T.P., letter from General Scott to, 153.

Atristain, Senor, 216, 257.

Azapotzalco, the place of meeting of the commissioners, 216.

Baker, D.D., Lieutenant, 253.

Baker, Edward D., Colonel, killed at Ball's Bluff, 317.

Bankhead, James, Colonel, 112.

Barcelona, the steamer, 146.

Barker, Captain, 16.

Barr, Captain, Louisiana volunteers, 101.

Barragan, Pena y, 221.

Barren, Major, 109.

Basinger, William E., Lieutenant, 88.

Battle on the Ouithlacoochee, 90-92.

Beall, Benjamin Lloyd, Major, 172.

Beard, Joseph, Major, 95.

Beauregard, P.T., Lieutenant, 203.

Beckwith, J.C., letter to, from General Scott, 154.

Belknap, William G., 281.

Benton, Thomas H., 159.

Biddle, Richard, speech in Congress, 124-127.

Binney, Horace, letter to General Scott, 304.

Black Hawk War, the, 52, 55.

Blockade of Southern ports, 296, 297.

Board of Army Officers, 47.

Boerstler, Charles G., Colonel, 27.

Bolton, Commodore, 97.

Bones, George, Captain, 110.

Botts, Benjamin, 5.

Boyd, John Parker, General, attack on Fort Niagara, 24.

Brady, Hugh, Major, 33; sketch of, 39.

Brady, Thomas A., First-Lieutenant, 253.

Brant, Indian, attacks Colonel Scott, 18, 19.

Bravo, D. Nicholas, Mexican General, 225, 227.

Brazos Santiago, 159.

Brisbane, Abbott H, Colonel, 112.

Brooks, Horace, Captain, 225.

Brown, Jacob, General, 27, 38-40.

Bryant, Thomas S., Captain, 96.

Buchanan, James, President, 296, 326.

Bull Run, 308.

Burlington Heights, 28.

Burnett, Ward B., Colonel, 209.

Burnham, Major, 185.

Burr, Aaron, 5-8.

Burt, Captain, Louisiana volunteers, 101.

Butler, Pierce M., Colonel, 112, 115, 209.

Butler, William O., General, 244, 245, 256, 264.

Cadwallader, George, General, 193, 206, 209, 210, 221, 226, 249.

Caldwell, James N., Captain, 215.

Caldwell, Robert C., First-Lieutenant, 253.

Caledonia, British brig, 13.

Calhoun, John C., 151.

Call, Richard Keith, General, 89.

Cameron, Simon, 309, 314, 315, 330.

Canada political agitation, 272.

Cano, D. Juan, Mexican General, 225.

Caroline, the steamboat, 145.

Casey, Silas, Captain, 207, 226.

Cass, Lewis, 59, 66, 67, 76, 77.

Cerro Gortlo, the battle of, 176, 190.

Chandler, John, Colonel, attack on Fort George, 24.

Chapultepec, battle of, 223, 228.

Charleston, S.C., furnishes troops and supplies, 94.

Chase, Secretary, 330.

Chauncey, Isaac, Commodore, 24, 28.

Cherokee Indians, removal of, from Georgia, 129.

Chesapeake, the, boarded by the Leopard, 6.

Chesnut, Colonel, 95.

Childs, Thomas, Lieutenant-Colonel, 176, 194, 236.

Chippewa, battle of, 32.

Cholera among troops at Chicago, 56, 57.

Chrysler's Farm, engagement at, 29.

Chrystie, John, Colonel, 14, 17.

Cincinnati, Society of the, 42.

City of Mexico, 195, 228.

Civil war, beginning of, 295, 296.

Clarke, Henry Francis, Colonel, 212, 249.

Clay, Cassius M., 306.

Clay, Henry, 145, 151.

Clinch, Duncan L., General, 82, 88, 93.

Clinton, Governor, 42.

Clifton, Captain, 112.

Coffin, Captain, 19.

Congress declares war against Great Britain, 13.

Congress votes a medal to General Scott, 42.

Conner, Commodore, 165.

Conto, Senor, 216, 257.

Cooper, Mark A., Major, 112, 119.

Coto, Senor, 216.

Crane, Ichabod B., Colonel, 136.

Crawford, William H., 40.

Cuevas, Senor, 257.

Cummings, Arthur C., Captain, 215.

Cunningham, Captain, 94.

Cushing, Caleb, General, 281.

Dade, Francis Langhorne, Major, killed, 88.

Dallas, Commodore, 97.

Davis, Edward, General, 312.

Davis, Jefferson, 291.

Dearborn, Henry, General, 14, 23, 24.

Dennis, Colonel, 29.

Devlin, John S., acting quartermaster, 253.

Dominguez commands Mexicans in American army, 237.

Douglas, Stephen A., 303.

Douglass, John M., Major, 112.

Drum, Simon H., Captain, 220, 225.

Drummond, Lieutenant-General Sir Gordon, 34.

Duane, James Chatham, General, 305.

Duel between Burr and Hamilton, 5.

Dulaney, William, Major, 253.

Duncan, James, Lieutenant-Colonel, 108, 221, 271, 277, 283, 286.

Duval, William P., Governor, 82.

Eaton, J.H., Secretary of War, 49, 50, 76, 82.

Edson, Alvin, Captain, 165.

Elliott, Lieutenant, plans destruction of British brigs, 13.

Eustis, Abram, Brigadier-General, 111, 113, 114.

Expedition of Aaron Burr, 5, 6.

Fagan, John, Major, 75.

Fanning, Alexander C.W., Major, 88.

Farquhar, William, Captain, 302.

Farragut, Admiral D.G., 329.

Fenwick, John R., Colonel, 16.

Field, Thomas Y., Lieutenant, 253.

Fillmore, Millard, President, 293.

Finances of Mexico, 239.

Finlay, Captain, 94.

Florida War, 72, 87, 97-99, 112.

Florida, army of, 115.

Floyd, John B., 136, 298.

Floyd, Robertson R., Captain, 96.

Fort Brooke, the army concentrate there, 118.

Fort Brown occupied by General Taylor, 154.

Fort Erie surrenders, 30; invested, 37.

Fort George, attack on, 16, 17; storming of, 24.

Fort Niagara, defeat of the British at, 26.

Foster, William Sewell, Lieutenant-Colonel, 102.

Frazer, William, Captain, 88.

Freeman, Norvell, Lieutenant, 253.

Fremont, John C., General, 308.

Frontera, Mexican General, 207, 208.

Gadsden, James, Colonel, 75.

Gaines, Edmund, General, 48, 103.

Gaines, J.P., Major, 250.

Gamboa, D. Manuel, Mexican General, 225.

Gardiner, George, 88.

Gardner, Charles K., Lieutenant, 11.

Gardner, Franklin, 175.

Garland, John, General, 220, 221.

Gatlin, John Slade, Dr., 88.

Georgia troops, 95, 96, 110.

Gibson, Captain, 18.

Giles, William B., 5-7.

Goodwyn, Robert H., Colonel, 112-116.

Graham, Captain, 110.

Graham, William A., Secretary of the Navy, 293.

Grant, Ulysses S., General, 322, 329, 334.

Great Britain, war declared against, 11.

Greenway, James, Dr., 3.

Griffin, Charles, Captain, 302.

Guadalupe Hidalgo, text of treaty of, 257, 264.

Hagner, Peter V., Captain, 225.

Halleck, Henry W., General, 308.

Hamilton, Alexander, 5.

Hamilton, John C., 292.

Hamilton, Schuyler, Lieutenant, 250.

Hampton, Wade, General, 7, 9-12, 28.

Hardy, Sir Thomas, 6.

Hargrave, James, 4.

Harney, John, Governor, 142-144.

Harney, William S., Colonel, 186, 224.

Harris, Captain, 33.

Harris, Joseph W., Lieutenant, 83.

Harrison, William Henry, General, 152.

Haskell, William T., Colonel, 166.

Hayes, Rutherford B., President, 326, 329.

Heileman, Julius Frederick, Major, 65, 66.

Henderson, Charles A., Lieutenant, 253.

Henderson, Richard, Lieutenant, 88.

Henry, Alexander, letter to General Scott, 304.

Henry, George, Captain, 115.

Hernandez, John M., General, 96.

Herrera, General, 216.

Hetzel, Abner R., Captain, 135.

Hindman, Jacob, Major, 30, 39.

Hitchcock, Ethan A., Captain, 100, 164, 284.

Holata, Amathla, 75, 77, 78, 79.

Huger, Benjamin, Captain, 220, 224.

Hull, William, General, 13.

Hunt, Henry J., Lieutenant, 221.

Ingersoll, Charles J., 153.

Irish prisoners, 20.

Irving, Washington, 5.

Izard, George, Colonel, 13.

Izard, James Farley, Lieutenant, 101, 102.

Jackson, Andrew, General, 5, 40, 42, 46, 63, 151.

Jackson, Thomas J., Lieutenant, 226.

Jacobs, Captain (Indian), attacks General Scott, 18, 19.

Jefferson, Thomas, President, 7.

Jesup, Thomas S., General, 31, 33, 39, 122, 123.

Johnston, Joseph E., Colonel, 226.

Juarata, Padre, leader of guerrillas, 237.

Judd, Henry, Jr., Lieutenant, 172.

Kearney, Philip, Captain, 211.

Keayes, J.S., Lieutenant, 88.

Ke-o-Kuck, Indian chief, 58.

Ker, Croghan, Captain, Louisiana volunteers, 107.

Ker, William H., Captain, 101.

Keyes, Erastus D., Lieutenant, 135.

King, William R., 293.

Kirby, Reynold M., Major, 94, 115.

Lally, Folliot T., Major, 215, 216.

Landero, Jose Juan de, Mexican General, 169, 170.

Lane, Joseph, General, 237, 256.

Lang, William, Captain, 253.

Lawson, Thomas, Lieutenant-Colonel, 101.

Leavenworth, Henry, Major, 31, 33

Lee, Robert E., Captain, 101, 164, 175, 203, 208, 223, 225, 284, 305.

Leigh, Benjamin Watkins, 10, 70.

Lendrum, Thomas W., 88.

Leon, Mexican General, 219.

"Leonidas letter," the, 267, 287.

Leopard, British frigate, 6.

Lewis, Morgan, General, 26.

Lincoln, Abraham, President, 296, 301, 312, 313, 315, 316, 326.

Lindsay, William, Colonel, 111, 135.

Lobas Island, 161.

Loring, William W., Major, 206, 212.

Louisiana troops, 119.

Lovell, Christopher H., Lieutenant, 280.

Lundy's Lane, battle of, 34-36.

McCauley, Charles G., Lieutenant, 253.

McClellan, George B., General, 178, 206, 308.

McClure, Brigadier-General, New York militia, 28.

McComb, Alexander, Colonel, 24, 29, 50, 153.

McDonald, Adjutant, 146.

McDowell, Irwin, General, 307.

McDuffie, George, 61-63.

McFeely, George, Lieutenant-Colonel, 24.

McIntosh, James S., Colonel, 193, 220.

McKenzie, Colonel, 226.

McLemore, Captain, 110, 112.

McNeill, John, Jr., General, 31, 33, 39.

McRee, William, Colonel, 39.

McTavish, Carroll, 41.

Mackall, William W., Major, 227.

Madison, James, President, 22.

Magee, Captain, Louisiana volunteers, 101.

Magruder, John B., Lieutenant, 206, 226, 302.

Malone, Captain, 119.

Mansfield, Mr., British Minister, 11.

Marcy, William L., 146, 158, 159, 269.

Marks, George H., Captain, 113.

Marks, Samuel F., Captain, 101.

Marshall, General, 245-248.

Marshall, John, Chief-Justice, 136.

Martin Luther, 5.

Mason, Captain, 286.

Mason, Daniel, 3.

Mason, James M., 321.

Mason, Winfield, 3.

Massacre of General Thompson and others, 89.

May, James F., 5.

Mayo, John, Colonel, 41.

Mendoza, Mexican General, 205, 207.

Mico, Indian chief, 78.

Miconopy, Indian chief, 78.

Miller, James, Colonel, 25.

Mississippi River, free navigation of, 310.

Molino del Rey, battle of, 219-222.

Monroe, James, President, 22.

Monterde, D. Mariano, Mexican General, 225.

Morales, Mexican General, 168, 169.

Morgan, George W., Colonel, 208.

Mormon expedition, 294.

Morris, Charles T., Captain, 207.

Mount Vernon, 316, 317.

Mudge, Robert Richard, Lieutenant, 88.

Mullaney, James Robert, Lieutenant-Colonel, 16.

Nashville, Confederate steamer, 320.

Negroes engaged in Dade massacre, 111.

Nicholson, Augustus S., Lieutenant, 253.

Nicholson, John S., Lieutenant, 253.

Nueva de Villa Gutierrez, Colonel, 170.

Nullification in South Carolina, 61-64.

Ogilvie, James, Captain, 4-17.

O'Riley, commander of deserters, captured, 237, 238.

Pachuca occupied, 248.

Packenham, Sir Richard, 151.

Paez, General, 48.

Page, Captain, 135.

Palo Alto, battle of, 155.

Parish, Richard C., Colonel, 90.

Patterson, Robert, General, 245.

Payne, Matthew M., Major, 135.

Payne's Landing, treaty of, 74.

Pena y Pena, 236, 257.

Perez, Mexican General, 208-219.

Perry, Matthew C., Commodore, 169.

Perry, Oliver Hazard, Captain, 14, 24.

Pierce, Franklin, General, 207, 214, 292, 293.

Pike, Zebulon, General, 24.

Pillow, Gideon J., General, 170, 176, 193, 211, 224, 226, 276, 281.

Plympton, Joseph, Lieutenant-Colonel, 208, 220.

Porter, Captain, 25.

Porter, Moses, General, 24, 30.

Porter, W., Secretary to General Gaines, 108.

Prevost, Sir George, 26, 27.

Puebla, occupation of, 197.

Putnam, Benjamin A., Major, 93.

Putnam, General, 5.

Queenstown Heights, storming of, 15.

Quijano, Benito, Mexican commissioner, 214.

Quitman, John A., General, 172, 204, 206, 224, 226, 228, 280.

Randolph, John, 5.

Rangel, Mexican General, 219.

Rea, Mexican General, 236.

Read, Leigh, Colonel, 90, 113.

Resaca de la Palma, battle of, 155.

Ravenel, Captain, 94.

Reynolds, E. McD., Lieutenant, 253.

Reynolds, John G., Captain, 253.

Riall, General, moves to Burlington Heights, 33.

Rich, Jabez L., Lieutenant, 253.

Ridgely, S.C., Captain, 281.

Riley, Bennet, General, 206, 208, 209.

Ripley, Eleazer W., 39.

Ripley, R.S., Lieutenant, 185.

Roach, Isaac, Jr., Lieutenant, 13, 16.

Robertson, Judge, 302, 303.

Robinson, David, Judge, 4.

Robinson, Edward B., Captain, 110.

Robles, Mexican Lieutenant-Colonel, 170.

Rogers, A.P., Lieutenant, 166.

Rogers, Captain Louisiana volunteers, 101.

Rosecrans, William S., General, 308, 329.

Ruffin, Thomas, 5.

Sacs and Fox Indians, treaty with, 58.

Sackett's Harbor, landing of the British, 27.

Sanders, William G., Captain, 107.

Sands, Richard M., Major, 101.

San Jacinto, steamer, 321.

San Pablo, convent of, 212.

San Patricio Battalion, 237.

Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez, General, 156, 173, 175, 190, 206, 209, 225, 230, 231, 236, 256, 257.

Scott, Ann, 3.

Scott, Camilla, 41.

Scott, Cornelia, 41.

Scott, Henry L., Colonel, 135, 164, 178, 284.

Scott, James, death of, 1, 2.

Scott, Winfield, birth and parentage, 1; runs away from Sunday school, 2; defends his teacher; at William and Mary College, 4; enters on the practice of law; present at the trial of Aaron Burr, 5; attacks British camp at Lynn Haven Bay; goes to South Carolina to practice law; returns to Petersburg, Va., to practice law; joins Petersburg cavalry company, 6; receives commission as Captain in the U.S. army; recruits his company and embarks for New Orleans, 7; arrested and tried by court-martial for words spoken of General Wilkinson, 8; tenders his resignation, 8; finding of the court, 9; letter to Lewis Edwards, 10; rejoins the army at Baton Rouge, La.; embarks for Washington; vessel gets aground, 11; appointed Colonel; visits the Secretary of War with General Hampton; an unpleasant incident, 12; war with Great Britain; ordered to the Niagara frontier, 13; volunteers to cross the Niagara; marches to Lewiston, 16; the attack on Fort George, 17; a flag of truce, 18; a prisoner, and attacked by Indians; embarks for Boston, 19; addresses Irish prisoners; letter to Secretary of War, 20; selects hostages in retaliation for Irish prisoners, 21; returns to Washington, 22; ordered to Philadelphia; appointed Adjutant General; promoted Colonel of his regiment; joins General Dearborn, and appointed chief of staff, 23; assault on Fort George; Scott leads the advance, 24; struck by a piece of timber and collar bone broken, 25; anecdote of a British officer, 26; resigns the office of Adjutant General, 27; joins General Wilkinson, 28; marches for Sackett's Harbor; appointed to command of a battalion; preparing new levies of troops, 29; appointed Brigadier General; ordered to join General Jacob Brown; establishes camp of instruction at Sackett's Harbor; assigned to a new command; moves toward Chippewa, 30; wins the battle of Chippewa; report of General Brown, 32; moves to mouth of the Niagara, 33; battle of Lundy's Lane, 34, 35; General Scott disabled, 37-39; in command for defense of Philadelphia and Baltimore, 39; reception at Princeton; declined to act as Secretary of War; ordered to Europe, 40; receives attention in Europe; return home; headquarters in New York; married to Miss Mayo, of Richmond; names of his children, 41; Congress passes resolutions complimenting him; present at the death of President Monroe; thanked by Legislatures of Virginia and New York; honorary member of the Society of the Cincinnati; order of General Jackson, 42; letter of General Jackson to General Scott; his reply, 43; letter to General Jackson, 44; General Jackson's reply; Scott calls on General Jackson, 45; tribute to General Jackson; his work on general regulations for the army, 46; president of board of army and militia officers; publication of his work on infantry tactics; the temperance reform; his views on, 47; controversy with General Gaines; tenders his resignation; not accepted, 48; letter to Secretary of War; the Secretary's reply, 49; assigned to command of Eastern Department; treaty with Sac Indians, 50; ordered to Illinois; Asiatic cholera, 53; letter to Governor Reynolds, 54; newspaper extracts in regard to General Scott's action in the cholera epidemic, 55-57; commissioner to treat with Indians; result of the treaty, 58; arrives in New York, and ordered to Washington; the tariff act of 1828 and excitement in South Carolina, 60; ordered to South Carolina, 66; letter of instruction from Secretary of War; arrival in Charleston, 66, 67; detained by accident, 68; success of his mission, 71; ordered to immediate command in Florida, 98; disposition of troops, 110-112; movement of troops, 114; the army arrives at Tampa Bay, 117; arrival at Fort Brooke, 118; embarks on St. John's River, 120; complaint against General Jesup; court of inquiry on Florida campaign, 122; finding of the court; letter to Secretary of War, 123; defense in Congress, 124; tendered dinner in New York; declines, 127; ordered to remove the Creek Indians, 129; addresses to troops and Indians, 130, 132, 133; the Indians move West, 135; ordered to look after Canada insurgents, 139; ordered to Maine, 140; meets Governor Everett; proceeds to Portland, 141; settlement of the troubles, 143, 144; uprising in Upper Canada; affair of the Caroline, 144, 145; ordered to the scene of the troubles; meets Governor Marcy, 146; letter to commanding officer of British vessels, 147; the affair settled, 147, 148; his name presented to Whig Convention as candidate for the presidency, 152; effort in Congress to reduce his pay; letter to T.P. Atkinson on slavery, 153; letter to peace convention, 154; the War with Mexico; the "hasty plate of soup," 157; his opinion of General Taylor; ordered to Mexico; goes via New Orleans, 158; arrives at Brazos Santiago, 159; fails to meet General Taylor, 161; landing of the troops at Vera Cruz, 162; investment and surrender of Vera Cruz, 164-170; advances on Jalapa, 173; Cerro Gordo, 178, 179, 187; occupation of Puebla, 193; movement toward the City of Mexico; criticism by the Duke of Wellington, 195, 196; address to Mexican people, 198; movement on and capture of Padierna, 204-207; Churubusco, 211; arrival of Nicholas P. Trist, U.S. Commissioner, 213; cessation of hostilities by armistice, 214; the armistice ended, 218; Molino del Rey, 219-222; attack on and capture of Chapultepec, 226, 227; occupation of the capital; orders for government of the city, 229; additional orders, 231-234; orders for obtaining revenue in Mexico, 240-242; letter to Secretary of War, 243; his civil administration of Mexico, 246, 247; reports his total force, January 6, 1848; ordered before a court of inquiry; relieved from command of the army, 248; money levied on City of Mexico, 255; turns over command of the army, 264; General Orders No. 349, 270; letter to General Worth, 272; relieved from duty, 277, 278; reads a paper before the court of inquiry, 281, 282; submits paper to court of inquiry, 284; embarks at Vera Cruz for home, 288; receives thanks of Congress, 289; discontent in Canada, 293; candidate for the presidency (1852), 293; on commission to settle boundary line with Great Britain, 295; letter to President Buchanan, 296, 297; letter to Secretary of War, 297, 298; letter to Secretary of War, December 28, 1861, 298; letter to Secretary Seward, March 3, 1861, 299; firing of guns at Mobile on announcement that he had resigned, 304; order of April 26, 1861, at Washington, D.C., 306; issues General Orders No. 17, 308; complains of General McClellan, 309; request to be placed on retired list, 311, 312; addresses the President and Cabinet on his retirement, 313; sails for Europe, November 9, 1861, 318; army asylum fund, 323; statue of, at Soldiers' Home, 327; his death and last words, 329; his acquaintance with English authors, 331; advice to young army officer, 330, 331; anecdote of battle of Chippewa, 332; vain of his accomplishments; regular attendant at the Episcopal Church, 332; goes to West Point, 328; his loyalty, his strict ideas of discipline; anecdote, 333.

Sears, Henry B., Lieutenant, 215.

Secretary of War to General Gaines, 100.

Seminole council, 85.

Seward, Secretary, anecdote of General Scott, 330.

Shannon, Samuel, Captain, 102.

Shaw, H.B., Major, 135.

Sheaffe, General Sir Roger Hale, 17-19.

Shelton, Joseph, General, 116.

Sheridan, Philip H., General, 326.

Sherman, William T., General, 326.

Shields, James, General, 176, 207, 209, 280.

Shubrick, William B., Commodore, 238.

Sibley, Henry H., Captain, 212.

Simms, John D., Lieutenant, 253.

Slidell, John, 321.

Small, William F., Captain, 236.

Smith, Charles F., Captain, 221.

Smith, Colonel, Louisiana volunteers, 101, 118.

Smith, Constantine, Lieutenant, 89.

Smith, E. Kirby, Captain, 221.

Smith, Gustavus W., Lieutenant, 207.

Smith, Persifor F., Colonel, 101, 112, 206, 208, 209, 211, 214, 227.

Smyth, Alexander, General, 14.

Soldiers' Home at Washington, 323, 324, 326.

Soto, Don Juan, Vera Cruz, 215.

Steptoe, Edward J., Captain, 223.

Stone, Charles P., General, 301, 318.

Strahan, Captain, 17.

Sumner, Edwin V., Major, 175, 211, 220, 221, 224.

Sutherland, David J., Lieutenant, 253.

Swift, Joseph G., Colonel, 28.

Tampico letter, the, 267, 268.

Tariff of 1828 and trouble In South Carolina, 60.

Taylor, Francis, Captain, 135, 223.

Taylor, Governor, Carolina, 61.

Taylor, Zachary, General, 154, 289.

Tazewell, Littleton W., 5.

Temperance reform, 47.

Terrett, George H., Captain, 253.

Texas, causes which led to annexation, 149, 154.

Thistle, Captain, Louisiana volunteers, 101.

Thomas, James H., Colonel, 173.

Thompson, General, Indian agent, 79.

Thompson, Launt, 327.

Thurston, Charles Myron, Captain, 110.

Timrod, Captain, 94.

Totten, Joseph G., Colonel, 17, 18, 28, 164.

Towson, Captain, ordered to report to St. Elliott, 13, 16, 33, 37.

Towson, Nathan, General, 281.

Trent, affair of the, 321.

Tripp, T.S., Captain, 115.

Trist, Nicholas P., commissioner, 213, 216, 257, 281.

Trousdale, William, Colonel, 226.

Truxton, Commodore, 5.

Tweedale, Marquis of, crosses the Chippewa, 30.

Twiggs, David E., General, 101, 173, 176, 193, 200, 220.

Twiggs, Levi, Major, 253.

Tyler, John, President, 152.

Upshur, Abel P., Secretary of State, 151.

Valencia, Mexican General, 204, 211, 248.

Van Buren, Martin, President, 145.

Van Rensselaer, Colonel, 144.

Van Rensselaer, Solomon, General, 14, 17.

Van Rensselaer, Stephen, General, 14, 16, 18.

Van Vliet, Stewart, General, 328.

Vera Cruz, 161, 162, 167, 171.

Villamil, Mora y., General, 214, 216, 257.

Vincent, General, 27.

Vinton, John R., Colonel, 166.

Volunteer American officers paroled, 19.

Wadsworth, Decius, General, 15.

Walker, Robert J., 159.

Washington, George, General, 5.

Watson, Samuel E., Lieutenant-Colonel, 253.

"Wayward Sisters" letter, 299, 300.

Webb, Captain, U.S.N., 97.

Webster, Daniel, 293.

Weed, Thurlow, 318.

Wellington, Duke of, 195.

Welsh, Henry, Lieutenant, 253.

Wheelock, Eleazer, General, 30.

Wilkes, Charles, Commodore, 321.

Wilkinson, James, General, 7, 8, 28.

William and Mary College, 4.

Williams, Captain, Louisiana volunteers, 101.

Williams, T., A.-D.-C., 250.

Wilson, Henry, Colonel, 173.

Wilson, James Grant, General, 327, 328, 335.

Winder, William Henry, General, 24, 27.

Winfield, Elizabeth, 3.

Winfield, John, 3.

Wirt, William, 5.

Withers, Jones M., 248.

Wood, Major, 37.

Wool, John E., Captain, 15-17.

Worth, W.J., General, 136, 170, 174, 193, 265-267, 270, 271, 273, 274-276, 285.

Wright, George, Major, 220.

Wynkoop, Francis M., Colonel, 166, 248.

Young, William L., Lieutenant, 253.

Zacatepetl, Barreiro, Colonel, 205.

THE END.

D. APPLETON & CO.'S PUBLICATIONS.

* * * * *

HISTORY OF THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES, from the Revolution to the Civil War. By JOHN BACH MCMASTER. To be completed in five volumes. Vols. I, II, and III now ready. 8vo, cloth, gilt top, $2.50 each.

In the course of this narrative much is written of wars, conspiracies, and rebellions; of Presidents, of Congresses, of embassies, of treaties, of the ambition of political leaders, and of the rise of great parties in the nation. Yet the history of the people is the chief theme. At every stage of the splendid progress which separates the America of Washington and Adams from the America in which we live, it has been the author's purpose to describe the dress, the occupations, the amusements, the literary canons of the times; to note the changes of manners and morals; to trace the growth of that humane spirit which abolished punishment for debt, and reformed the discipline of prisons and of jails; to recount the manifold improvements which, in a thousand ways, have multiplied the conveniences of life and ministered to the happiness of our race; to describe the rise and progress of that long series of mechanical inventions and discoveries which is now the admiration of the world, and our just pride and boast; to tell how, under the benign influence of liberty and peace, there sprang up, in the course of a single century, a prosperity unparalleled in the annals of human affairs.

"The pledge given by Mr. McMaster, that 'the history of the people shall be the chief theme,' is punctiliously and satisfactorily fulfilled. He carries out his promise in a complete, vivid, and delightful way. We should add that the literary execution of the work is worthy of the indefatigable industry and unceasing vigilance with which the stores of historical material have been accumulated, weighed, and sifted. The cardinal qualities of style, lucidity, animation, and energy, are everywhere present. Seldom indeed has a book in which matter of substantial value has been so happily united to attractiveness of form been offered by an American author to his fellow-citizens."--New York Sun.

"To recount the marvelous progress of the American people, to describe their life, their literature, their occupations, their amusements, is Mr. McMaster's object. His theme is an important one, and we congratulate him on his success. It has rarely been our province to notice a book with so many excellences and so few defects."--New York Herald.

"Mr. McMaster at once shows his grasp of the various themes and his special capacity as a historian of the people. His aim is high, but he hits the mark."--New York Journal of Commerce.

" ... The author's pages abound, too, with illustrations of the best kind of historical work, that of unearthing hidden sources of information and employing them, not after the modern style of historical writing, in a mere report, but with the true artistic method, in a well-digested narrative.... If Mr. McMaster finishes his work in the spirit and with the thoroughness and skill with which it has begun, it will take its place among the classics of American literature."--Christian Union.

* * * * *

New York: D. APPLETON & CO., 1, 3, & 5 Bond Street.

ABRAHAM LINCOLN: The True Story of a Great Life. By WILLIAM H. HERNDON and JESSE W. WEIK. With numerous Illustrations. New and revised edition, with an introduction by HORACE WHITE. In two volumes. 12mo. Cloth, $3.00.

This is probably the most intimate life of Lincoln ever written. The book, by Lincoln's law-partner, William H. Herndon, and his friend Jesse W. Weik, shows us Lincoln the man. It is a true picture of his surroundings and influences and acts. It is not an attempt to construct a political history, with Lincoln often in the background, nor is it an effort to apotheosize the American who stands first in our history next to Washington. The writers knew Lincoln intimately. Their book is the result of unreserved association. There is no attempt to portray the man as other than he really was, and on this account their frank testimony must be accepted, and their biography must take permanent rank as the best and most illuminating study of Lincoln's character and personality. Their story, simply told, relieved by characteristic anecdotes, and vivid with local color, will be found a fascinating work.

"Truly, they who wish to know Lincoln as he really was must read the biography of him written by his friend and law-partner, W.H. Herndon. This book was imperatively needed to brush aside the rank growth of myth and legend which was threatening to hide the real lineaments of Lincoln from the eyes of posterity. On one pretext or another, but usually upon the plea that he was the central figure of a great historical picture, most of his self-appointed biographers have, by suppressing a part of the truth and magnifying or embellishing the rest, produced portraits which those of Lincoln's contemporaries who knew him best are scarcely able to recognize. There is, on the other hand, no doubt about the faithfulness of Mr. Herndon's delineation. The marks of unflinching veracity are patent in every line."--New York Sun.

"Among the books which ought most emphatically to have been written must be classed 'Herndon's Lincoln,'"--Chicago Inter-Ocean.

"The author has his own notion of what a biography should be, and it is simple enough. The story should tell all, plainly and even bluntly. Mr. Herndon is naturally a very direct writer, and he has been industrious in gathering material. Whether an incident happened before or behind the scenes, is all the same to him. He gives it without artifice or apology. He describes the life of his friend Lincoln just as he saw it."--Cincinnati Commercial Gazette.

"A remarkable piece of literary achievement--remarkable alike for its fidelity to facts, its fullness of details, its constructive skill, and its literary charm."--New York Times.

"It will always remain the authentic life of Abraham Lincoln,"--Chicago Herald.

"The book is a valuable depository of anecdotes, innumerable and characteristic. It has every claim to the proud coast of being the 'true story of a great life.'"--Philadelphia Ledger.

"Will be accepted as the best biography yet written of the great President."--Chicago Inter-Ocean.

"Mr. White claims that, as a portraiture of the man Lincoln, Mr. Herndon's work 'will never be surpassed.' Certainly it has never been equaled yet, and this new edition is all that could be desired."--New York Observer.

"The three portraits of Lincoln are the best that exist; and not the least characteristic of these, the Lincoln of the Douglas debates, has never before been engraved.... Herndon's narrative gives, as nothing else is likely to give, the material from which we may form a true picture of the man from infancy to maturity,"--The Nation.

APPLETONS' CYCLOPAEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. Complete in six volumes, royal 8vo, containing about 800 pages each. With sixty-one fine steel portraits and some two thousand smaller vignette portraits and views of birthplaces, residences, statues, etc.

APPLETONS' CYCLOPAEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY, edited by General JAMES GRANT WILSON, President of the New York Genealogical and Biographical Society, and Professor JOHN FISKE, formerly of Harvard University, assisted by over two hundred special contributors, contains a biographical sketch of every person eminent in American civil and military history, in law and politics, in divinity, in literature and art, in science and in invention. Its plan embraces all the countries of North and South America, and includes distinguished persons born abroad, but related to American history. As events are always connected with persons, it affords a complete compendium of American history in every branch of human achievement. An exhaustive topical and analytical Index enables the reader to follow the history of any subject with great readiness.

"It is the most complete work that exists on the subject. The tone and guiding spirit of the book are certainly very fair, and show a mind bent on a discriminate, just, and proper treatment of its subject."--From the Hon. GEORGE BANCROFT.

"The portraits are remarkably good. To anyone interested in American history or literature, the Cyclopaedia will be indispensable."--From the Hon. JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL.

"The selection of names seems to be liberal and just. The portraits, so far as I can judge, are faithful, and the biographies trustworthy."--From NOAH PORTER, D.D., LL.D., ex-President of Yale College.

"A most valuable and interesting work."--From the Hon. WM. E. GLADSTONE.

"I have examined it with great interest and great gratification. It is a noble work, and does enviable credit to its editors and publishers."--From the Hon. ROBERT C. WINTHROP.

"I have carefully examined 'Appletons' Cyclopaedia of American Biography,' and do not hesitate to commend it to favor. It is admirably adapted to use in the family and the schools, and is so cheap as to come within the reach of all classes of readers and students."--From J.B. FORAKER, ex-Governor of Ohio.

"This book of American biography has come to me with a most unusual charm. It sets before us the faces of great Americans, both men and women, and gives us a perspective view of their lives. Where so many noble and great have lived and wrought, one is encouraged to believe the soil from which they sprang, the air they breathed, and the sky over their heads, to be the best this world affords, and one says, 'Thank God, I also am an American!' We have many books of biography, but I have seen none so ample, so clear-cut, and breathing so strongly the best spirit of our native land. No young man or woman can fail to find among these ample pages some model worthy of imitation."--From FRANCES E. WILLARD, President N.W.C.T.U.

"I congratulate you on the beauty of the volume, and the thoroughness of the work."--From Bishop PHILLIPS BROOKS.

"Every day's use of this admirable work confirms me in regard to its comprehensiveness and accuracy."--From CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER.

Price, per volume, cloth or buckram, $5.00; sheep, $6.00; half calf or half morocco, $7.00. Sold only by subscription. Descriptive circular, with specimen pages, sent on application. Agents wanted for districts not yet assigned.

"This work marks an epoch in the history-writing of this country."--St. Louis Post-Dispatch.

THE HOUSEHOLD HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES AND ITS PEOPLE. FOR YOUNG AMERICANS. By EDWARD EGGLESTON. Richly illustrated with 350 Drawings, 75 Maps, etc. Square 8vo. Cloth, $2.50.

FROM THE PREFACE.

The present work is meant, in the first instance, for the young--not alone for boys and girls, but for young men and women who have yet to make themselves familiar with the more important features of their country's history. By a book for the young is meant one in which the author studies to make his statements clear and explicit, in which curious and picturesque details are inserted, and in which the writer does not neglect such anecdotes as lend the charm of a human and personal interest to the broader facts of the nation's story. That history is often tiresome to the young is not so much the fault of history as of a false method of writing by which one contrives to relate events without sympathy or imagination, without narrative connection or animation. The attempt to master vague and general records of kiln-dried facts is certain to beget in the ordinary reader a repulsion from the study of history--one of the very most important of all studies for its widening influence on general culture.

"Fills a decided gap which has existed for the past twenty years in American historical literature. The work is admirably planned and executed, and will at once take its place as a standard record of the life, growth, and development of the nation. It is profusely and beautifully illustrated."--Boston Transcript.

"The book in its new dress makes a much finer appearance than before, and will be welcomed by older readers as gladly as its predecessor was greeted by girls and boys. The lavish use the publishers have made of colored plates, woodcuts, and photographic reproductions, gives an unwonted piquancy to the printed page, catching the eye as surely as the text engages the mind."--New York Critic.

"The author writes history as a story. It can never be less than that. The book will enlist the interest of young people, enlighten their understanding, and by the glow of its statements fix the great events of the country firmly in the mind."--San Francisco Bulletin.