Part 57

Texture with cells.—How it is formed.—When it is formed.—Of the cells and their communications.—Experiments. 156

Compact texture.—Arrangement of its fibres.—Their formation.—Experiments to ascertain their direction.—The osseous layers do not exist.—Proofs.—Influence of rickets upon the compact texture. 158

Arrangement of the two osseous textures in the three kinds of Bones.—Arrangement of the compact texture.—Two kinds of texture with cells in the long bones.—Proportion of the common texture with cells and the compact texture in the short and broad bones.—The same proportion examined in the cavities and the osseous eminences. 161

Of the composition of the osseous texture.—There are two principal bases.—Of the saline calcareous substance.—Experiments.—Nature of this substance.—Experiments to ascertain the gelatinous substance.—Different relations of each of these substances with vitality. 164

II. Common Parts which enter into the organization of the Osseous System.

Three orders of blood vessels.—Arrangement of each.—Experiments.—Proportions according to age.—Communication.—Proofs of the existence of the cellular texture. 167

ARTICLE THIRD.

PROPERTIES OF THE OSSEOUS SYSTEM.

I. Physical Properties.

Elasticity.—It is in the inverse ratio of the age. 171

II. Properties of Texture.

Different examples of contractility and extensibility.—Characters of these properties. 171

III. Vital Properties.

They are obscure. 173

Characters of these properties.—Slowness of their development.—Their influence upon diseases. 174

Sympathies.—Their character is always chronic.—General remark upon sympathies. 175

Seat of the vital properties.—They are not seated in the calcareous substance.—They exist only in the gelatinous.—Experiment which proves it. 177

ARTICLE FOURTH.

OF THE ARTICULATIONS OF THE OSSEOUS SYSTEM.

I. Division of the Articulations.

Moveable Articulations.—Observations upon their Motions.—1st. Opposition; it is extensive or confined.—2d. Circumduction; a motion composed of all those of opposition.—3d. Rotation; a motion upon the axis.—4th. Sliding. 180

Immoveable articulations.—They are on surfaces in juxta-position, inserted into each other or implanted. 182

Table of the Articulations. 183

II. Observations upon the Moveable Articulations.

First genus.—Situation.—Form of the surfaces.—Rotation and circumduction are inversely in the humerus and the femur.—Why. 184

Second genus.—Form of the surfaces.—Motions. 186

Third genus.—Diminution of the motions.—Direction in which they take place. 187

Fourth genus.—Motions still less. 189