Part 1

Transcriber's Note:

Words which were in italics in the original book are surrounded by underlines (italic). Words which were originally printed in small caps are in all caps. Obvious misprints have been fixed. Archaic and unusual words, spellings and styling have been maintained. Details of the changes are in the Detailed Transcriber's Notes at the end of the book.

FRUITS OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

GERRIT PARMILE WILDER

(REVISED EDITION, INCLUDING VOL. 1, 1906.)

ILLUSTRATED BY ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-ONE HALF-TONE PLATES WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF SAME

Copyright December 1906, December 1911 GERRIT PARMILE WILDER

HONOLULU, T. H. PUBLISHED BY THE HAWAIIAN GAZETTE CO., LTD. 1911

INDEX

Preface 5 Persea gratissima, Avocado, Palta or Alligator Pear, Plate I 7 Persea gratissima, Avocado, Plate II 9 Persea gratissima, Guatamala Avocado, Plate III 11 Punica Granatum, Pomegranate, Plate IV 13 Ficus Carica (common var.), Fig, Plate V 15 Ficus Carica, Fig, Plate VI 17 Ficus Carica (white or lemon var.), Fig, Plate VII 19 Jambosa malaccensis, Mountain Apple or "Ohia Ai," Plate VIII 21 Jambosa sp., Water Apple, Plate IX 23 Jambosa sp. (white var.), Water Apple, Plate X 25 Jambosa sp. (red var.), Water Apple, Plate XI 27 Eugenia Jambos, Rose Apple, Plate XII 29 Eugenia brasiliensis, Brazilian Plum or Spanish Cherry, Plate XIII 31 Eugenia uniflora, French Cherry, Plate XIV 33 Eugenia sp., Plate XV 35 Syzygium Jambolana, Java Plum, Plate XVI 37 Syzygium Jambolana (small variety), Java Plum, Plate XVII 39 Averrhoa Carambola, Plate XVIII 41 Achras Sapota, Sapodilla or Naseberry, Plate XIX 43 Casimiroa edulis, White Sapodilla, Plate XX 45 Prunus Persica, Peach, Plate XXI 47 Chrysophyllum Cainito (purple var.), Star Apple, Plate XXII 49 Chrysophyllum Cainito (white var.), Star Apple, Plate XXIII 51 Chrysophyllum monopyrenum, Plate XXIV 53 Mimusops Elengi, Plate XXV 55 Spondias dulcis, "Wi," Plate XXVI 57 Spondias lutea, Hog Plum, Plate XXVII 59 Mammea Americana, Mammee Apple, Plate XXVIII 61 Tamarindus indica, Tamarind, Plate XXIX 63 Durio zibethinus, Durion, Plate XXX 65 Coffea arabica, Arabian Coffee, Plate XXXI 67 Coffea liberica, Liberian Coffee, Plate XXXII 69 Clausena Wampi, Wampi, Plate XXXIII 71 Physalis peruviana, Cape Gooseberry or "Poha," Plate XXXIV 73 Carica Papaya, Papaya (fruit, female tree), Plate XXXV 75 Carica Papaya, Papaya (fruit, male tree), Plate XXXVI 77 Carica quercifolia, Plate XXXVII 79 Citrus Japonica (var. "Hazara"), Chinese Orange, Plate XXXVIII 81 Citrus Japonica, Kumquat, Plate XXXIX 83 Citrus Nobilis, Mandarin Orange, Plate XL 85 Citrus medica limetta, Lime, Plate XLI 87 Citrus medica limonum, Lemon, Plate XLII 89 Citrus medica (var. limonum), Rough-skin Lemon, Plate XLIII 91 Citrus Aurantium Sinense, Waialua Orange, Plate XLIV 93 Citrus Aurantium, Bahia or Washington Navel Orange, Plate XLV 95 Citrus Decumana, Pomelo or Shaddock (pear-shaped var.), Plate XLVI 97 Citrus Decumana, Pomelo or Shaddock (round var.), Plate XLVII 99 Artocarpus incisa, Breadfruit (Hawaiian var.) or "Ulu," Plate XLVIII 101 Artocarpus incisa, Breadfruit (Samoan var.), Plate XLIX 103 Artocarpus incisa, Breadfruit (Tahitian var.), Plate L 105 Artocarpus incisa, Fertile Breadfruit, Plate LI 107 Artocarpus integrifolia, Jack Fruit, Plate LII 109 Anona muricata, Sour Sop, Plate LIII 111 Anona Cherimolia, Cherimoyer, Plate LIV 113 Anona reticulata, Custard Apple, Plate LV 115 Anona squamosa, Sugar Apple or Sweet Sop, Plate LVI 117 Psidium Guayava pomiferum, Common Guava, Plate LVII 119 Psidium Guayava, Sweet Red Guava, Plate LVIII 121 Psidium Guayava, White Lemon Guava, Plate LIX 123 Psidium Guayava pyriferum, "Waiawi," Plate LX 125 Psidium Cattleyanum, Strawberry Guava, Plate LXI 127 Psidium Cattleyanum (var. lucidum), Plate LXII 129 Psidium molle, Plate LXIII 131 Mangifera indica, Mango, Plate LXIV 133 Mangifera indica, Manini Mango, Plate LXV 135 Mangifera indica, No. 9 Mango, Plate LXVI 137 Musa (var.), Banana or "Maia," Plate LXVII 139 Morinda citrifolia, "Noni," Plate LXVIII 141 Vaccinium reticulatum, "Ohelo," Plate LXIX 143 Solanum pimpinellifolium, Currant Tomato, Plate LXX 145 Solanum Lycopersicum, Grape Tomato, Plate LXX 145 Solanum nodiflorum, "Popolo," Plate LXXI 147 Aleurites moluccana, Candlenut Tree or "Kukui Nut," Plate LXXII 149 Terminalia Catappa, Tropical Almond or "Kamani," Plate LXXIII 151 Calophyllum inophyllum "Kamani," Plate LXXIV 153 Noronhia emarginata, Plate LXXV 155 Castanea sativa, Japanese Chestnut, Plate LXXVI 157 Inocarpus edulis, Tahitian Chestnut, Plate LXXVII 159 Canarium commune, Canary Nut, Plate LXXVIII 161 Canarium commune, Canary Nut (round var.), Plate LXXIX 163 Macadamia ternifolia, Queensland Nut, Plate LXXX 165 Macadamia sp., Plate LXXXI 167 Aegle Marmelos, Bhel or Bael Fruit, Plate LXXXII 169 Diospyros decandra, Brown Persimmon, Plate LXXXIII 171 Lucuma Rivicoa, Plate LXXXIV 173 Eriobotrya Japonica, Loquat, Plate LXXXV 175 Litchi Chinensis, "Lichee," Plate LXXXVI 177 Euphoria Longana, Longan, Plate LXXXVII 179 Morus nigra, Mulberry, Plate LXXXVIII 181 Garcinia mangostana, Mangosteen, Plate LXXXIX 183 Garcinia Xanthochymus, Plate XC 185 Bunchosia sp., Plate XCI 187 Malpighia glabra, Barbados Cherry, Plate XCII 189 Theobroma Cacao, Cocoa or Chocolate Tree, Plate XCIII 191 Hibiscus Sabdariffa, Roselle, Plate XCIV 193 Monstera deliciosa, Plate XCV 195 Anacardium occidentale, Cashew Nut, Plate XCVI 197 Ziziphus Jujuba, "Jujube," Plate XCVII 199 Phyllanthus emblica, Plate XCVIII 201 Phyllanthus distichus, Otaheiti Gooseberry, Plate XCIX 203 Olea Europea, Olive, Plate C 205 Vitis Labrusca, "Isabella Grape," Plate CI 207 Pyrus Sinensis, Sand pear, Plate CII 209 Passiflora quadrangularis, Granadilla Vine, Plate CIII 211 Passiflora edulis, Purple Water Lemon or "Lilikoi," Plate CIV 213 Passiflora laurifolia, Yellow Water Lemon, Plate CV 215 Passiflora alata, Plate CVI 217 Passiflora var. foetida, Plate CVII 219 Cereus triangularis, Night-blooming Cereus, Plate CVIII 221 Kigelia pinnata, Sausage Tree, Plate CIX 223 Phoenix dactylifera, The Date Palm, Plate CX 225 Phoenix dactylifera, Date (red and yellow var.), Plate CXI 227 Acrocomia sp., Plate CXII 229 Cocos nucifera, Cocoanut Palm or "Niu," Plate CXIII 231 Cordia collococca, Clammy Cherry, Plate CXIV 233 Flacourtia cataphracta, Plate CXV 235 Atalantia buxifolia, Plate CXVI 237 Bumelia sp., Plate CXVII 239 Ochrosia elliptica, Plate CXVIII 241 Ananas sativus, Pineapple, Plate CXIX 243 Opuntia Tuna, Prickly Pear or "Panini," Plate CXX 245 Prosopis juliflora, Algaroba or "Kiawe," Plate CXXI 247

PREFACE

My original intention with regard to this work, was to publish it in a series of three volumes; and to that end, the first volume was presented to the public in 1906.

Since that time, however, I have deemed it advisable, for various reasons, to incorporate all my data in one volume.

I desire to acknowledge my indebtedness for help in my researches, to various works on Horticulture, and to many of my personal friends who have given me valuable assistance.

I trust that this work will prove of some interest, as I believe that it contains a fairly comprehensive list of both the indigenous and naturalized Fruits of the Hawaiian Islands.

GERRIT PARMILE WILDER.

G. P. W. Collection. PLATE I

Persea gratissima.

AVOCADO, PALTA OR ALLIGATOR PEAR.

Grown in the garden of Gerrit Wilder.

G. P. W. Collection. PLATE II

Persea gratissima.

AVOCADO.

This spreading evergreen tree is a native of Tropical America. In the Hawaiian Islands, the first trees of its kind were said to have been planted in Pauoa Valley, Oahu, by Don Marin. It attains a height of from 10 to 40 feet, and is adverse to drought. Its leaves are elliptico-oblong, from 4 to 7 inches in length. The flowers are greenish-yellow and downy. The fruit, which ripens from June until November, is a round or pear-shaped drupe, covered with a thin, rather tough skin, which is either green or purple in color. The flesh is yellow, firm and marrow-like, and has a delicious nutty flavor. The seed-cavity is generally large, containing one round or oblong seed, covered by a thin, brown, parchment-like skin. The quality of the pear is judged, not only by its flavor, but by the presence or absence of strings or fibre in the meat, and also by the quantity of flesh as compared to the size of the seed. Innumerable variations as to size, shape, and quality have been produced from seedlings--some of which may be seen in the accompanying illustration. The Avocado is easily reproduced by budding and grafting, and the best varieties may be obtained in this manner.

One third natural size.]

G. P. W. Collection. PLATE III

Persea gratissima.

GUATAMALA AVOCADO.