Part 1

Transcriber Note: Text emphasis denoted as Italics.

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

----------

FARMERS' BULLETIN No. 67.

----------

FORESTRY FOR FARMERS.

B. E. FERNOW,

Chief of the Division of Forestry.

----------

WASHINGTON:

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.

1898.

----------

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

U. S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Forestry, Washington, D. C., December 4, 1897.

Sir: I have the honor to recommend that the two articles contributed by me to the Yearbooks for 1894 and for 1895 on forestry for farmers be reprinted as a Farmers' Bulletin. The articles contain information in popular form regarding the growth of trees, the planting of a forest, treatment of the wood lot, the cultivation of the wood crop, influence of trees, etc. A wider distribution of this information, for which there is still considerable demand, would, I believe, result in acquainting farmers with a subject the importance of which has not always been duly recognized.

Very respectfully,

B. E. Fernow, Chief.

Approved:

James Wilson, Secretary.

--------------- CONTENTS. ----------

Page.

How trees grow 3 Food materials and conditions of growth 3 Soil conditions 4 Light conditions 6 Physiology of tree growth 9 "Sap up and sap down" 10 Progress of development 11 Growth in length and ramification 11 Growth in thickness 14 Form development 17 Rate of growth 19 Reproduction 21

How to plant a forest 22 What trees to plant 23 Methods of planting 26

How to treat the wood lot 28 Improvement cuttings 29 Methods of reproducing the wood crop 31 Size of openings 34 Wind mantle 34 Coppice 35 Plan of management 37

How to cultivate the wood crop 37 Effect of light on wood production 38 Number of trees per acre 38 Weeding and cleaning the crop 40 Methods of thinning 40 What trees to remove 41

The relation of forests to farms 42 The forest waters the farm 44 The forest tempers the farm 45 The forest protects the farm 45 The forest supplies the farm with useful material 46

FORESTRY FOR FARMERS.