Part 3

II. The belief in Spiritualism psychologically interpreted; the technical requisites for a judgment in the matter; the investigations of Messrs. Hodgson and Davey; the psychological factors contributory to deception 147

III. The logical status of Spiritualism 159

IV. The source of the belief in spirit-agency; its anthropological bearings; the appeal to unfortunate predispositions; the moral aversion to Spiritualism 166

HYPNOTISM AND ITS ANTECEDENTS

Introductory 171

I. The historical aspect of hypnotism; the point of view of modern hypnotism 172

II. Healers of disease by mental methods; their methods; Greatrakes; Gassner 176

III. Mesmer; the beginnings of Animal Magnetism; Mesmer's career in Paris; the Commission of 1784; decline of Mesmerism 180

IV. The system of Animal Magnetism; its practices; a critical view 189

V. Puységur and the discovery of artificial somnambulism; the status of Puységur; Pétetin and his contributions 193

VI. The revival of Mesmerism; Abbé Faria; somnambulism in the hospitals of Paris; the report of the Commission of 1825; the report of the Commission of 1837 200

VII. James Braid; his early observations; his enunciation of the physiology of the hypnotic state; his connection with phrenology; his later views; his recognition of unconscious deception 205

VIII. The chaotic condition of hypnotism in the middle decades of the nineteenth century; hypnotism as an anæsthetic; scientific contributions 213

IX. Extravagances of Mesmerism; Deleuze and his followers; "electro-biology;" Harriet Martineau's letters on Mesmerism; Mesmeric miracles; Reichenbach and the "odic" force 216

X. Transition to modern hypnotism; the scientific recognition of hypnotism; Charcot and his followers; Bernheim and the school of Nancy 227

XI. Principles illustrated by the history of hypnotism; lack of proper conceptions; unconscious suggestion; conclusion 231

THE NATURAL HISTORY OF ANALOGY

I. The logical and psychological aspects of analogy 236

II. Analogy and primitive mental life; illustrations; sympathetic magic based upon analogy; further illustrations 238

III. Analogy the basis of belief in the connection between object and name; illustrations; similar relation between the object and its image, drawing, or shadow 243

IV. Analogy and metaphor; vaguer forms of analogy 248

V. Analogy in children 250

VI. Analogy in superstitions and folk-lore customs; in dream-interpretation; in fortune-telling; in numbers; in folk-medicine 252

VII. The doctrine of sympathies; of signatures; astrology; the rôle of analogy in these systems; their modern survivals 261

VIII. Analogy as a phase in mental evolution; the transition from superstition to science; the evolution of the race and of the individual; analogy, the serious thought habit of primitive man, becomes in civilization a source of amusement; conclusion 269

THE MIND'S EYE

I. The nature of perception; its subjective and objective factors 275

II. Illustrations of the effects of the subjective factor 279