Part 14

Orthogeomys cuniculus Elliot, 1905. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 18:234, December 9. Type from Zanatepec, Oaxaca.

Orthogeomys pygacanthus Dickey, 1928. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 41:9, February 1. Type from Cacaguatique, 3500 ft., Dept. San Miguel, El Salvador.

Subgenus =Heterogeomys= Merriam

1895. Heterogeomys Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 8:179, January 21.

Type.--Geomys hispidus Le Conte, 1852, from near Jalapa, Veracruz.

Chronologic range.--Late Pleistocene, Wisconsin deposits (San Josecito Cave local fauna, Nuevo León) to the Recent.

Description.--Skull dolichocephalic (less so than in the other subgenera); zygomata more widely spreading than in Orthogeomys; ramus and angular process short; interorbital area noticeably constricted; frontals between orbits neither exceptionally broad or inflated; mesopterygoid fossa extending to level of posterior margin of M3; I having sulcus on inner third of anterior surface usually narrower than in subgenus Orthogeomys; enamel plate on posterior wall of P4 restricted to lingual half of loph; M3 distinctly biprismatic, posterior loph usually circumscribed by shallow inner re-entrant fold and outer deep fold well developed in all members of genus; posterior loph forming conspicuous heel longer than in subgenus Orthogeomys; occlusal length equal to or slightly less than combined lengths of M1-2; hair coarse and hispid but never so sparse as to impart appearance of nakedness.

Referred species and subspecies.--Eleven taxa:

*Orthogeomys onerosus (Russell, 1960). Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 9 (21):544, January 14. Type from San Josecito Cave local fauna, Upper Pleistocene, Nuevo León.

Orthogeomys hispidus cayoensis (Burt, 1937). Occ. Papers Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 365:1, December 16. Type from Mountain Pine Ridge, 12 mi. S El Cayo, British Honduras.

Orthogeomys hispidus chiapensis (Nelson and Goldman, 1929). Proc. Bio. Soc. Washington, 42:151, March 30. Type from Tenejapa, 16 mi. NE San Cristobal, Chiapas.

Orthogeomys hispidus concavas (Nelson and Goldman, 1929). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 42:148, March 30. Type from Pinal de Amoles, Querétaro.

Orthogeomys hispidus hispidus (Le Conte, 1852). Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 6:158. Type from near Jalapa, Veracruz.

Orthogeomys hispidus latirostris (Hall and Alvarez, 1961). Anal. Escuela Nac. Ciencias Biol., 10:121, December 20. Type from Hacienda Tamiahua, Cabo Rojo, Veracruz.

Orthogeomys hispidus negatus (Goodwin, 1953). Amer. Mus. Novit., 1620:1, May 4. Type from Gomez Ferias, 1300 ft., about 45 mi. S Ciudad Victoria, 10 km. W Pan American Highway, Tamaulipas.

Orthogeomys hispidus tehuantepecus (Goldman, 1939). Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 29:174, April 15. Type from mountains 12 mi. NW Santo Domingo and about 60 mi. N Tehuantepec, 1600 ft., Oaxaca.

Orthogeomys hispidus torridas (Merriam, 1895). N. Amer. Fauna, 8:183, January 31. Type from Chichicaxtle, Veracruz.

Orthogeomys hispidus yucatanensis (Nelson and Goldman, 1929). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 42:150, March 30. Type from Campeche, Campeche.

Orthogeomys lanius (Elliot, 1905). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 18:235, December 9. Type from Xuchil, Veracruz.

Subgenus =Macrogeomys= Merriam

1895. Macrogeomys Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 8:185, January 31.

Type.--Geomys heterodus Peters, 1865, from Costa Rica, exact locality unknown.

Chronologic range.--Known only from the Recent.

Description.--Skull dolichocephalic in varying degree (overlapping subgenera Orthogeomys and Heterogeomys in this respect); mandibles elongated, not spreading far laterally; angular processes decidedly short; breadth across zygomata in no instance significantly exceeding mastoid breadth; interorbital area strongly constricted; frontals between orbits slightly inflated laterally (especially in forms having more strongly dolichocephalic skulls); postorbital prominence conspicuous; anterior margin of mesopterygoid fossa terminating well behind M3; I having narrow and deep sulcus entirely on inner third of anterior surface; enamel plate on posterior wall of P4 restricted to inner half of loph; M3 bilophodont (outer and inner re-entrant folds each circumscribing a loph), posterior loph remarkably elongated and forming pronounced heel, length of crown more than combined lengths of M1-2; hair wooly in some individuals, harsh in others but seldom hispid, never so sparse as in subgenus Orthogeomys; some species having white markings, especially on lumbar region and head.

Referred species and subspecies.--Eleven taxa:

Orthogeomys heterodus cartagoensis (Goodwin, 1943). Amer. Mus. Novit., 1227:2, April 22. Type from Paso Ancho, Province Cartago, Costa Rica.

Orthogeomys heterodus dolichocephalus (Merriam, 1895). N. Amer. Fauna, 8:189, January 31. Type from San José, Costa Rica.

Orthogeomys heterodus heterodus (Peters, 1865). Monatsb. preuss. Acad. Wiss., Berlin, 1865:177. Type from Costa Rica, exact locality unknown.