Part 5

#Enumerate the secondary lesions.#

Scales, crusts, excoriations, fissures, ulcers, scars and stains.

#What are scales (squamæ)?#

Dry, laminated, epidermal exfoliations; as, for example, the scales of psoriasis, ichthyosis, and eczema.

#What are crusts (crustæ)?#

Dried effete masses of exudation; as, for example, the crusts of impetigo, of eczema, and of the pustular and ulcerating syphilodermata.

#What are excoriations (excoriationes)?#

Superficial, usually epidermal, linear or punctate loss of tissue; as, for example, ordinary scratch-marks.

#What are fissures (rhagades)?#

Linear cracks or wounds, involving the epidermis, or epidermis and corium; as, for example, the cracks which often occur in eczema when seated about the joints, the cracks of chapped lips and hands.

#What are ulcers (ulcera)?#

Rounded or irregularly-shaped and sized loss of skin and subcutaneous tissue resulting from disease; as, for example, the ulcers of syphilis and of cancer.

#What are scars (cicatrices)?#

Connective-tissue new formations replacing loss of substance.

#What are stains?#

Discolorations left by cutaneous disease, which stains may be transitory or permanent.

#Distribution and Configuration.#

#What do you mean by a patch of eruption?#

A single group or aggregation of lesions or an area of disease.

#When is an eruption said to be limited or localized?#

When it is confined to one part or region.

#When is an eruption said to be general or generalized?#

When it is scattered, uniformly or irregularly, over the entire surface.

#When is an eruption universal?#

When the whole integument is involved, without any intervening healthy skin.

#When is an eruption said to be discrete?#

When the lesions constituting the eruption are isolated, having more or less intervening normal skin.

#When is an eruption confluent?#