CHAPTER XXVIII.. _parkes, Guy, Simon, and Public Health._

PARKES, GUY, SIMON, AND PUBLIC HEALTH.

“Prevention is better than cure” is the homely proverb which marks out a large proportion of the work of sanitary science. The prevention of disease and of its spread, and the promotion of the general healthiness of the people—these are objects which modern progress has brought into view. When they are completely attained we shall all die of old age unless cut off by accidents or violence; and this is a goal which many sanitarians of the present day have vividly before their mind.

The public health and the public welfare have been sought by no man more earnestly than by EDMUND ALEXANDER PARKES. Of him Dr. Russell Reynolds said: “In the combination of moral, mental, and physical beauty, Dr. Parkes was to my knowledge never equalled, to my belief cannot be surpassed. Pure as a sunbeam, strong as a man, tender as a woman, keen as any scientist to unravel the hidden mysteries of life in its minutest detail of chemical and physiological research, yet practical in the application of his knowledge to the cleansing of a drain or the lightening of a knapsack; he made the world much richer by his life, much poorer by his death.”

Parkes was born on March 29, 1819, in the village of Bloxam, Oxfordshire, his father being Mr. William Parkes, of the Marble-yard, Warwick, “a man of superior mind, remarkable alike for industry, firmness, and nobility of character.” His mother, Frances Byerly, daughter of Mr. Thomas Byerly of Etruria, Staffordshire, was much occupied in literature, and her sister, wife of Professor A. T. Thomson of University College, London, was a well-known biographer and novelist.

Under such favouring influences young Parkes grew up a gentle but unusually merry and happy boy. After being educated at the Charterhouse, he entered as a medical student at University College, and spent much time in his uncle’s laboratory, becoming an excellent manipulator, and already showing a fondness for research. At the first M.B. examination at London University in 1840 he was exhibitioner and medallist in anatomy, physiology, and chemistry, and medallist in materia medica. In 1841 at the final M.B. he was medallist in physiology and comparative anatomy, and gained honours in medicine. He had taken the College of Surgeons’ diploma in 1840.

Of this period of Parkes’s life Sir William Jenner, an intimate fellow-student at University College, says:

“As a student he was distinguished by brightness and cheerfulness, amiability, unselfish willingness to help others at any cost of trouble to himself, energy in work, diligence in the using of each hour for the studies of that hour, the high moral tone that pervaded his converse, and above all, and crowning all, by the real living purity of his being.”

Early in 1842 Parkes entered the army medical service, and went as assistant-surgeon to the 84th regiment to Madras and Moulmein. Here he prosecuted inquiries which bore fruit in two small publications on the Dysentery and Hepatitis of India (1846), and on Asiatic and Algide Cholera (1847). But before this period he had retired from the army and entered upon practice in Upper Seymour Street, Portman Square, becoming further known as a physician by editing and completing Dr. Thomson’s work on Diseases of the Skin (1850). This was only a portion of his literary and original work at this time, during which he contributed largely to the Medical Times, and from 1852 to 1855 edited the British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review, for which difficult task he was exceedingly well fitted.

Having been appointed one of the physicians to University College Hospital, his influence was very marked, both on his students and his colleagues. One of his pupils, afterwards a distinguished physician, said that he never went round the wards with him without feeling an intense wish to become better, and at the same time feeling that he could become so. In 1855 Parkes delivered the Gulstonian Lectures at the College of Physicians, taking the subject of Pyrexia, or the State of Fever.

During the Crimean War, when great pressure existed upon the hospitals at Scutari, Dr. Parkes was selected by Government to proceed to the seat of war to establish an additional large hospital. He fixed upon Rankioi on the Dardanelles, and his choice proved excellent. He worked most zealously to make everything as perfect as possible, and he accomplished much in spite of the red-tape which was so disastrously prominent in the war administration of that time. He did not in any way spare himself, though his constitution had shown serious signs of weakness in London, when he had had severe attacks of pneumonia and phlebitis. His report on the work of his hospital at the conclusion of the war was a most valuable one, and he gained the high esteem of Mr. Sidney Herbert, afterwards Lord Herbert of Lea.

One result of the Royal Commission of Investigation into the administration of the war was the foundation of the Army Medical School, and Mr. Herbert never showed better judgment than in selecting Dr. Parkes to be Professor of Military Hygiene in connection with it. Consequently he gave up in 1860 his post at University College; he was appointed Emeritus Professor, and a marble bust of him was placed in the College museum.

Parkes found that in order adequately to teach the subjects involved in preserving and promoting the health of the army, he must not only study the special features of army life and the peculiar liabilities attaching thereto, but also the general science of hygiene, then almost new. He organised at the cost of immense labour a detailed system of instruction, based on the principle of making the student apply practically what he taught. All the special questions which came up relating to air, water, food, temperature, clothing, house construction, drainage, &c., were as far as possible illustrated in the laboratory, and individual instruction was most carefully given.

In 1864 was published the first edition of Parkes’s “Manual of Practical Hygiene,” a masterly book, accurate, learned, clear, full, and of the highest interest to the thoughtful mind. The introduction to this work opens with a clear definition of the subject. “Hygiene is the art of preserving health; that is, of obtaining the most perfect action of body and mind during as long a period as is consistent with the laws of life. In other words, it aims at rendering growth more perfect, decay less rapid, life more vigorous, death more remote.”

Later he says: “It is undoubtedly true that we can, even now, literally choose between health and disease; not, perhaps, always individually, for the sins of our fathers may be visited upon us, or the customs of our life and the chains of our civilisation and social customs may gall us, or even our fellow-men may deny us health, or the knowledge which leads to health. But, as a race, man holds his own destiny, and can choose between good and evil; and as time unrolls the scheme of the world, it is not too much to hope that the choice will be for good.” He further powerfully indicates the basis of state medicine, to secure for all individuals the conditions of health which they often cannot secure for themselves. He shows too that self-interest, state-benefit, and pecuniary profit are at one in these matters when rightly understood. “It is but too commonly forgotten,” he says, “that the whole nation is interested in the proper treatment of every one of its members, and in its own interest has a right to see that the relations between individuals are not such as in any way to injure the well-being of the community at large.” It is almost needless to add that numerous editions of Parkes’s Practical Hygiene have been called for; it has also been translated into several foreign languages.

We have enumerated, however, but a small portion of the subjects upon which Parkes’s unceasing philanthropic activity was exercised. For many years he wrote an annual review of the Progress of Hygiene, contributed to the Army Medical Reports. He served on many public inquiries relating to matters of health, and did more for the diminution of mortality in the army than any other man. He carried on many protracted and difficult physiological investigations, such as those on the effects of diet and exercise, on the elimination of nitrogen, on the effects of alcohol on the human body, on the effects of coffee, extract of meat, and alcohol on men marching, chiefly contributed to the Royal Society. As a member of the Senate of London University, and of the General Medical Council, and as Secretary to the Senate of the Army Medical School, he performed detailed work of the highest value, and all in spite of delicate health.

“With increase of years,” says Sir William Jenner, “his mind ripened, his sphere of action widened, his influence over others operated in new and perhaps more important ways; but in all moral and intellectual essentials Dr. Parkes was as a man what he was as a youth—he was animated by the same principles and stimulated by the same faith. As years went on his mind proved itself to be singularly well balanced; he possessed an extraordinary power of acquiring information; his memory was very retentive; he was the best-informed man in the medical literature of the century I ever met; he was unprejudiced as he was learned; he could use with ease the information he acquired, and could express his ideas clearly and simply; his language was always elegant, and on occasions eloquent. His powers of observation, of perception, of reasoning, and of judgment were all good, and equally good. But as in his youth, so in his manhood, the beauty of his moral nature, his unselfish loving-kindness, his power of inoculating others with his own love of truth, with his own sense of the necessity of searching for the truth, of questioning nature till she yield up the truth, of earnest work, were his most striking characteristics.”

At last the seeds of weakness which were constitutional in Parkes developed into acute tuberculosis, and he died on March 15, 1875, after an illness of four months. His domestic life had been a very happy one, but his wife, a Miss Chattock, whom he married in 1851, had died in 1873, and he was much broken by her loss. He left no children. His monument is in the Parkes Museum of Hygiene, which enforces eloquently the lessons of his life.

* * * * *

Dr. WILLIAM AUGUSTUS GUY, F.R.S., is one of the most eminent of modern promoters of the public health. He was born at Chichester in the year 1810, his ancestors for three generations having been medical practitioners there. His grandfather, William Guy, was a pupil of John Hunter, and in Hayley’s life of Romney it is stated that “Cowper said of him that he won his heart at first sight, and Romney (who painted his portrait) declared that he had never examined any manly features which he would sooner choose for a model if he had occasion to represent the compassionate benignity of the Saviour.”

After a childhood spent with this estimable grandfather, young Guy was educated at Christ’s Hospital, and later studied for five years at Guy’s Hospital. Winning the Fothergillian medal of the Medical Society of London for the best essay on Asthma, in 1831, at the early age of twenty-one, he was encouraged to enter at Cambridge, where, after a further period of two years spent at Heidelberg and Paris, he took his M.B. degree in 1837.

In 1838 Dr. Guy became Professor of Forensic Medicine in King’s College, London, and later Assistant-Physician to King’s College Hospital. He early directed his attention to statistics, and joined the Statistical Society in 1839, and became one of its honorary secretaries in 1843. 1844 he contributed important evidence before the Health of Towns Commission, on the state of the London printing-offices, and the consequent development of pulmonary consumption among printers. He co-operated in founding the Health of Towns Association, and has been incessantly occupied in public lectures, investigations, and writings, in calling attention to questions of sanitary reform. He has been notably concerned in the improvement of ventilation, the utilisation of sewage, the health of bakers and soldiers, hospital mortality, and many other like subjects. In 1873 he was President of the Statistical Society, and he has successively been Croonian, Lumleian, and Harveian Lecturer at the College of Physicians. His various publications and papers are too numerous to recount. We may, however, mention the “Principles of Forensic Medicine,” and successive editions of Hooper’s “Physicians’ Vade Mecum.”

* * * * *

Mr. JOHN SIMON, C.B., F.R.S., is one of the veterans of the present day in matters of public health, besides having the highest reputation as a surgeon and pathologist. Born in 1816, Mr. Simon was a student of King’s College, London, and was elected a fellow of the College of Surgeons in 1844. He was appointed in 1847 lecturer on Pathology at St. Thomas’s Hospital. His subsequent researches and writings, especially those on Inflammation, have proved his great fitness for the post. In 1850 he published a very original course of lectures on General Pathology, as conducive to the establishment of Rational Principles for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Disease.

Mr. Simon’s career in connection with public health began with his being appointed the first Medical Officer of Health to the City of London. He was before long selected as medical adviser to the General Board of Health, and was thence transferred to the important post of medical officer to the Privy Council. In this capacity his labours, ably seconded by a crowd of zealous workers, have been of priceless value to the nation at large. The successive annual reports published by the Privy Council sufficiently attest this.

In his first report to the Privy Council, Mr. Simon stated “that more than half of our annual mortality results from diseases which prevail with a very great range of difference in proportion as sanitary circumstances are bad or good; that, according to the latest available evidence, some of these diseases prevail twice or thrice, some of them ten or twenty times, some of them even forty or fifty times, as fatally in some districts as in other districts of England; that the result of their excessive partial development is to render the mortality of certain districts from 50 to 100 per cent. higher than the mortality of other districts, and to raise the death-rate of the whole country 33 per cent. above the death-rate of its healthiest parts.”

In his eleventh report Mr. Simon was able to write as follows: “It would, I think, be difficult to over-estimate, in one most important point of view, the progress which, during the last few years, has been made in sanitary legislation. The principles now affirmed in our statute-book are such as, if carried into full effect, would soon reduce to quite an insignificant amount our present very large proportions of preventable disease.... Large powers have been given to local authorities, and obligation expressly imposed on them, as regards their respective districts, to suppress all kinds of nuisance, and to provide all such works and establishments as the public health primarily requires; while auxiliary powers have been given for more or less optional exercise in matters deemed of less than primary importance to health.... The State ... has interfered between parent and child ... between employer and employed ... between vendor and purchaser; has put restrictions on the sale and purchase of poisons; has prohibited in certain cases certain commercial supplies of water; and has made it a public offence to sell adulterated food, or drink, or medicine, or to offer for sale any meat unfit for human food.... Its care for the treatment of disease has not been unconditionally limited to treating at the public expense such sickness as may accompany destitution; it has provided that in any sort of epidemic emergency, organised medical assistance, not peculiarly for paupers, may be required of local authorities; and in the same spirit requires that vaccination at the public cost shall be given gratuitously to every claimant.”

Mr. Simon has been a distinguished surgeon to St. Thomas’s Hospital, and attained some years ago the Presidency of the College of Surgeons. He is also a member of the General Medical Council. In 1878 his bust in marble was presented to the College of Surgeons by public subscription, in recognition of his eminent services in sanitary science.

FOOTNOTES:

See the Lancet, March 25, 1876, p. 481.

Medical Times and Gazette, March 25, 1876, p. 348.

Lancet, July 8, 1876, p. 41, supplement to Harveian Oration.

See Photographs of Eminent Medical Men, ii, 59.

INDEX.

Abercrombie’s, Sir Ralph, Expedition, i. 182.

Aberdeen University, i. 100, ii. 246.

ABERNETHY, JOHN (1764-1831), i. 146, 162, 168; early years, 227; apprenticeship, 227; pupil of Pott and John Hunter, 228; appointed assistant-surgeon to St. Bartholomew’s, 228; his lectures, 229; dramatic style, 230, 231; his method, 232; apt phrases, 233; roughness and eccentricity, 233, 234; impatience, 235; gratitude of an Irishman, 235, 236; anecdotes, 236, 237; surgical and physiological essays, 237; “read my book,” 238; marriage, 239; becomes full surgeon, 239; failing health, 240; resigns appointments, 240; death, 241; Abernethy and Brodie, 289; and Lawrence, 303-305, 307.

Academy of Science, French, i. 283.

Acland, Sir H., on Brodie, i. 300-303; on Stokes, ii. 189, 192.

Acupressure, ii. 102.

Addison Family, the, ii. 1, 2.

ADDISON, THOMAS (1793-1860), education, ii. 2; at Edinburgh, 2; settles in London, 3; dislike of specialism, 3; appointments at Guy’s, 4, 5; early works, 4; writes on practice of medicine, &c., 5; on disease of supra-renal capsules (Addison’s disease), 6, 7; clinical teaching, 7; his practicality, 8; Dr. Wilks on, 8-10, 11; bluntness and shyness, 10, 11; Continental reputation, 11; Dr. Lonsdale on, 12; marriage, 12, 13; death, 13; Addison Ward, 13; association with Dr. Bright, 17, 21.

Aikin, John, on Harvey, i. 47; on Cullen, 95.

Akenside, Mark, i. 99.

Aldersgate School of Medicine, i. 279, ii. 241.

Aldus Manutius, i. 2, 3.

Alison, Dr. W. P., i. 105, ii. 180, 188.

Anæsthetics, ii. 95-100.

Anatomical Lectures, i. 18, 75-79, 84, 109, 121, 135, 138, 204, 205, 229, 246, 289, ii. 25, 26, 36, 37, 48, 49, 73, 226.

Anatomists, William Hunter on, i. 125.

Anatomy in London, i. 18; in Edinburgh, 72, 73; stealing corpses for, 77; the resurrectionists, 208-211; at Royal Academy, 247.

—— Comparative. See Comparative Anatomy.

Anderson, Dr. James, on Cullen, i. 96, 98.

Aneurism, i. 153, 214, ii. 44.

Antiseptic Surgery, ii. 46, 114, 141-147.

Arthur, Prince, i. 3.

Aubrey on Harvey, i. 35, 38, 48, 49.

Babington, Dr., on Brodie, i. 299.

BAILLIE, Dr. MATTHEW (1761-1823) on William Hunter, i. 124; completes his uncle’s work, 128; his uncle’s bequests to him, 130, 132; at John Hunter’s death, 158; and Marshall Hall, 267, 269; his practicality, ii. 51; education, 52; assists William Hunter, 53; writes on morbid anatomy, 53; physician to St. George’s Hospital, 53; physician to George III., 54; manners and generosity, 54, 55; death, 55; bequest to College of Physicians, 55.

Balderson, Charles, i. 208, 211, 215.

Balfour, Sir A., i. 72.

Barber Surgeons, i. 18, 72.

Barclay, Dr. (anatomical lecturer), ii. 25, 35.

Bark, Peruvian, i. 59.

Barlow, Dr. H. C., ii. 120.

Barlow, Dr., on Dr. Bright, ii. 14.

Baron, Dr., Life of E. Jenner, i. 169, 200, 201.

Bayley, Miss, i. 186.

Bell, Benjamin, i. 109, 110.

Bell, George Joseph, i. 243, 259.

Bell (John Hunter’s artist), i. 145, 147, 148.

Bell, Lady; i. 249, 258, 261-263.

BELL, JOHN (1763-1820), and Dr. Gregory, i. 103, 105, 110; early years, 108; attacks Monro and Benjamin Bell, 109, 110: excluded from Infirmary, 110; success in practice, 111; operative skill, 111; works on anatomy and surgery, 112; marriage, 113; artistic tastes; 113; illness and foreign travel, 113; death, 114; Observations on Italy, 114; personal character, 117, 118; and Charles Bell, 243, 244, ii. 48, 107.

BELL, Sir CHARLES (1774-1842), i. 108, 112, 113; birth and education, 243; medical study in Edinburgh, 244; early works, 244; goes to London, 245; artistic anatomy, 245; lectures and early struggles, 246; anatomy of expression, 246; his lively temperament, 247; first idea of new anatomy of brain, 247; disappointment of Academy professorship, 248 visit to Haslar Hospital, 248; marriage, 249; partnership in Windmill Street School, 249; elected surgeon to Middlesex Hospital, 250; goes to Waterloo, 250; pamphlet on Brain, 251; crucial experiments on spinal cord, 252; publishes his discoveries on the nervous system, 253; elucidates obscure diseases, 254; muscular sense, 254; Bridgewater Treatise on the Hand, 255; becomes professor at College of Surgeons, 256; at London University, 257; retires from latter, 257; fly-fishing, 257; his happy temperament, 258; knighted, 259; elected Professor at Edinburgh, 259; coldness of fellow-professors, 260; excitement at proposed changes, 260; journey to London, 260, 261; his last day, 261; Edinburgh Review on, 262; Jeffrey’s Epitaph on, 262.

Bell, William, i. 242.

BENNETT, JOHN HUGHES (1812-1875); early training, ii. 209; studies at Edinburgh, 210; studies in Paris and in Germany, 210; treatise on cod-liver oil, 210; lectures in Edinburgh, 211; polyclinical course, 211, 212; literary work, 212; elected Professor, 212; clinical teaching, 213; and Leucocythæmia, 213; views on pneumonia, 214; principal works, 214, 215; character, 215, 216; illness, operation, and death, 216.

Berkeley, Admiral, and vaccination, i. 192.

Bishops’ licenses to practise medicine, i. 10.

Blackhall, Dr., ii. 19.

Black, Joseph, i. 84, 90, 92, 96.

Blane, Sir Gilbert, i. 192.

Blicke, Sir C., i. 227.

Blizard, Sir W., i. 144, 228.

Booker, Rev. Dr., i. 185.

Botany at Edinburgh, i. 72.

Bowman, J. Eddowes, ii. 261.

BOWMAN, Sir W. (b. 1816); early life, ii. 261; studies medicine at Birmingham, 261; at Dublin and King’s College, London, 261; becomes demonstrator and curator, 262; Continental studies, 262; physiological papers, 262; scientific writing, 263; appointed to Ophthalmic Hospital, 263; eye practice, 264; professorship of physiology, 264; baronetcy, 265; St. John’s House, 265; assist Miss Nightingale’s work, 265; supports physiological experiments, 265; lofty view of surgery, 266.

Boyle, Robert, i. 54.

Bridgewater Treatises, i. 255.

BRIGHT, RICHARD (1789-1858), ii. 5; birth, 14; studies at Edinburgh and Guy’s, 15; journey through Iceland, 15; enters at Cambridge, 16; travels on Continent, 16, 17; at Waterloo, 16; appointments at Fever Hospital and at Guy’s, 17; Dr. Wilks on, 18; writes on kidney diseases, 18-20; on pneumonia, 20; on cerebral and spinal diseases, 21; practice, and death, 21; character, 22, 23; and Holland, 63, 64.

Bristol Medical School, ii. 127.

British Association, ii. 183.

British Medical Association, i. 281, ii. 162, 177.

British Medical Journal, ii. 154, 248, 265.

Brodie, Alexander, i. 286.

Brodie, Peter, i. 288.

Brodie, Rev. Mr., i. 287.

BRODIE, Sir BENJAMIN (1783-1862); ancestry, i. 286; birth, 287; early years and education, 288; an ensign at fourteen, 288; medical study in London, 288, 290; non-medical friends, 289; the Academical Society, 289; becomes demonstrator at Windmill Street, 290; appointed Assistant-Surgeon to St. George’s, 290; lectures on Surgery, 291; physiological studies, 291, 292; marriage, 292; work on Diseases of Joints, 292; professional success, 294; professorship at College of Surgeons, 294; subcutaneous surgery, 294; court appointments, and baronetcy, 295; opposition to impostors, 296; his numerous presidencies, 297; autobiography, 297; operations on his eyes, 298; death, 298; character of, 298-303; character of Lawrence, 308.

Brougham, Lord, i. 246, ii. 34, 43.

Brown, Baker, ii. 110, 111.

Brown, Dr. John (Horæ Subsecivæ), on Sydenham, i. 59.

Brown, Dr. John (founder of Brownian System), i. 98.

Brown Square School, ii. 36, 37.

Buckland, F., and John Hunter’s remains, i. 163.

Budd, George, ii. 125.

Budd, Samuel, ii. 125.

BUDD, WILLIAM (1811-1880); early life, ii. 125; medical studies, 125; investigates typhoid fever at North Tawton, 125-126; germ theory, 126-128; removes to Clifton, 127; opposition to his views, 128; measures against cholera, 128, 129; against rinderpest, 129; his writings, 129; incessant work, 130; views on pulmonary consumption, 130; death, 130; Murchison and, 132.

Buller, Justice, and John Hunter, i. 151.

Burke, Edmund, i. 91.

Byng, Dr., and Caius, i. 20.

Cæsalpinus, i. 29.

Caius College. See Gonville and Caius, also Caius, John.

CAIUS, JOHN (1510-1573), builds Linacre’s monument, i. 13; birth, 13; at Cambridge, 14; elected fellow of Gonville Hall, 14; studies at Padua, and travels in Italy, France, and Germany, 14; practises medicine, 14; appointed physician to Edward VI., 14; writes on Sweating Sickness, 15; denounces quacks, 16, 17; elected President of College of Physicians, 17, 20; introduces dissection, 18; enlarges Gonville Hall and builds gates, 19; obtains statutes for Gonville and Caius College, and becomes Master, 19; charged with atheism and Romanism, 20; books and vestments burnt, 20; writes on British Dogs, 21; account of Bloodhound, 21, 22; writes Method of Healing, 22; death and burial, 23; inscription on tomb, 23.

Calvin, i. 28.

Cambridge University, and Linacre, i. 3, 11; and Caius, 14, 19, 20, 23; and Sydenham, 60; and Chambers, ii. 59; and Watson, 149.

Canadian Indians and Jenner, i. 194.

Carlisle, Sir Anthony, i. 146, 155, 248, ii. 32.

Caroline, Princess (wife of George IV.), ii. 65.

Carro, Dr. De, i. 182.

Carter, Elizabeth, ii. 267.

CARTER, R. BRUDENELL (b. 1828); education, 268; early works, 268; Crimean service, 268; country practice, 269; connection with journalism, 269; ophthalmic specialism, 269; Treatise on Eye Diseases, 270; later writings, 270, 271.

Celsus, i. 14.

CHAMBERS, WILLIAM FREDERIC (1786-1855); education, ii. 59; physician to St. George’s Hospital, 59; physician to William IV., 60; death, 60; character and habits, 61.

Chandler, Mr., on Astley Cooper, i. 218.

Charles I., i. 35-39.

Charlesworth and Lunacy, ii. 220.

Cheselden, i. 76, 77, 120, 134.

Cholera, ii. 128.

CHRISTISON, Sir R. (1797-1882), ii. 42; education at Edinburgh, 286; studies in London and Paris, 286; appointed Professor of Medical Jurisprudence at Edinburgh, 286; his success in lecturing, 287; success as scientific witness, 287; dangerous experiments, 288; work on poisons, 288; appointed Professor of Materia Medica, 289; influence in Edinburgh University, 289; honours, 290; death, 290; personal characteristics, 290.

Circulation of the blood, i. 27-36.

Civiale’s operation, ii. 196.

Clarke, Dr., and J. Hunter, i. 150.

Clark, Sir James, ii. 181.

Clay, Dr. C., ii. 109, 110.

Clay, John, ii. 112.

Cleopatra’s Needle, ii. 247.

Clerke, Dr., i. 89.

Clift, W., i. 157, 160, 168, 220.

Cline, Henry, i. 144, 146, 180, 203, 204, 206, 212, 226.

Clinical lectures, i. 92, 93, 103, 250, ii. 38, 172, 206, 213.

—— medicine, ii. 162.

COBBOLD, T. SPENCER (b. 1828); early life, ii. 255; studies at Edinburgh, 255; geological studies, 255, 256; appointments in London, 256; dissections at Zoological Gardens, 256; practice as a specialist, 257; connection with Veterinary College, 257; lectures on parasites, 258, 259.

Cod-liver oil, ii. 186, 187, 210, 211.

Colet, i. 3.

Collyer, Robert, and anæsthetics, ii. 96, 97.

Columbus, Realdus, i. 14, 29.

Combe, William, i. 130, 131.

Comparative anatomy, i. 80.

CONOLLY, JOHN (1794-1867), ii. 160, 217; early life, 221; enters militia, 221; studies at Edinburgh, 222; practises at Chichester, 222; at Stratford, 222; appointed Professor at London University, 222; settles at Warwick, 222; studies insanity, 222, 223; work on Indications of Insanity, 223; appointed to Hanwell, 225; abolishes mechanical restraint, 226; clinical lectures, 227; interest in patients, 228; retirement from Hanwell, 228; at Earlswood Asylum, 229, 230; private practice, 230; writings and lectures, 231; writes on Hamlet, 231; death, 231.

Conservative surgery, ii. 47, 71-81.

Consumption Hospital, ii. 185.

Contemporary Review, ii. 197, 198.

Cooper, Bransby, i. 209, 221, 222.

Cooper family, the, i. 202.

COOPER, Sir ASTLEY (1768-1841), i. 113, 146, 152; early life, 202; escapades, 203; pupilage with Cline, 203; studies at Edinburgh, 204; becomes lecturer, 204; visit to Paris, 204; his style of lecturing, 205; a severe accident, 206; his personal influence, 206; appearance and habits, 207; sympathy with mental suffering, 207; his servant Charles, 208; Cooper and the resurrectionists, 208; their extortions, 209; his determination to have specimens, 210; dissection of dogs, 211; of an elephant, 211; income, 211; gives up politics on appointment to Guy’s surgeoncy, 212; operates on tympanic membrane, 212; membership of societies, 213; his store of information, 214; operations for aneurism, 214; work on Hernia, 214; life in New Broad Street, 215; in the hospital and lecture-room, 216; his overpowering influence, 217; graceful operations, 218; peremptory orders, 218; a big fee, 219; his limited pharmacopœia, 219; lectures at College of Surgeons, 220; ties the aorta, 220; operates on George IV., 221; Sir Astley as an examiner, 221; foundation of Guy’s separate medical school, 222; Presidency of the College of Surgeons, 222; life in the country, 223; horse-keeping, 223; temporary retirement, 223; later works, 224; rapid movements, 224; death, monument and portrait, 225; estimate of Cooper, 225; his own character of himself, 226; and Abernethy, 235; and Charles Bell, 248; and Brodie, 295, 296.

Cooper, William, i. 203, 212.

Cornelio Vitelli, i. 2.

CORRIGAN, Sir DOMINIC (1802-1880); education and medical studies, ii. 155; papers on heart diseases, 156, 157; Corrigan’s pulse, 156, 157; appointments, 158; becomes M.P. for Dublin, 159; death, 159.

Coulton, ii. 97.

Cowley on Harvey, i. 39.

Coxe, Dr. Thomas, i. 53.

Cremation, ii. 116, 117, 194, 198, 199.

Cromwell, i. 73.

Cruickshank, i. 127, 130, 149.

CULLEN, WILLIAM (1710-1790); birth, i. 87; education at Glasgow, 87; apprenticeship, 88; goes to West Indies as ship’s surgeon, 88; assists in a London shop, 88; begins practice, 88; receives a legacy, 88; further studies at Edinburgh, 88; friendship of Duke of Hamilton, 89; influences William Hunter, 89; marriage, 89; removal to Glasgow, 89; founds medical school there, 90; his lectures and discoveries, 90, 91; becomes Professor of Medicine at Glasgow, 91; friendship with Adam Smith and David Hume, 91; appointed Professor of Chemistry at Edinburgh, 91; his clinical lectures, 92; his candour, 92, 93; letter to his son, 94, 95; appointed to Chair of Physic, 95; his works, 96; personal influence, 96, 97; kindness to students, 97; Cullen and John Brown, 98; death, 98; personal aspect and habits, 98; agreement with Gregory, 100; friendship with William Hunter, 91, 94, 120, 122.

Czermak, ii. 251.

Dancaster, William, i. 13.

Darwin, Charles, anticipation of, i. 172.

Davy, Sir Humphrey, i. 172, ii. 95, 96.

Dogs, Caius on, i. 21.

Donders, ii. 260.

Donellan, Captain, trial of, i. 150.

Douglas, Dr., i. 120, 121.

Down, Dr. Langdon, on Conolly, ii. 229.

Drummond, George, i. 78.

Dublin Medical School, ii. 105, 155, 189-191, 201-208.

Duncan, Dr., on Monro secundus, i. 85, 86.

Edinburgh University and Medical School, i. 71-118, 204, 213, 224, 259, 260; ii. 2, 15, 25-28, 35-50, 56, 59, 63, 64, 73, 85-94, 99-103, 125, 130, 131, 138, 149, 155, 204, 210-216, 221, 222, 286, 289.

Edward VI., i. 14.

Elizabeth, Queen, i. 14, 18, 23.

Elliot, Robert, Professor of Anatomy at Edinburgh, i. 75.

Ent, Sir G., i. 40, 41.

Erasmus, i. 3, 4, 5.

Esquirol and lunacy, ii. 220.

Expectant treatment, i. 59.

Fabricius, i. 26, 29.

Faraday, ii. 96, 181.

FERGUSON, Sir WILLIAM (1808-1877), and conservative surgery, ii. 71, 72; early years, 72; studies anatomy under Knox, 72, 73; assists Knox, 73; his Edinburgh appointments, 73; removal to London, 74; operative skill, 74, 75; conservation of limbs, 75; lithotomy, 76; excision of joints, 76, 77; hare-lip and cleft-palate, 77; invents instruments, 78; careful planning of operations, 78, 79; “Practical Surgery,” 79; social character and manners, 80-82; appointments, 81; President of College of Surgeons, 81; death, 82.

Fever Hospital, London, ii. 118, 119, 124, 131, 132.

Fevers, Sydenham’s method of curing, i. 54; treatment of, 64.

Fisher, Robert, i. 3.

Flogging of Soldiers, i. 281.

Flourens, i. 283.

Foot, Jesse, on John Hunter, i. 135.

Fortnightly Review, ii. 240, 253.

Fothergill’s, Dr., collection, i. 130.

Fox, Bishop of Winchester, i. 4, 11.

Framingham, William, i. 16.

French Academy of Sciences, i. 283.

Fuller, on Caius, i. 20.

Galen, i. 7, 8, 14.

Gardner, E., i. 173, 176, 178.

Garthshore, Dr., i. 139, 162.

Generation, Harvey on, i. 34, 39-43.

George III., i. 127, ii. 54, 57.

George IV., i. 221, 295, ii. 57.

Gerhard, Dr., of Philadelphia, ii. 120.

Germ Theory of Typhoid, ii. 126, 127.

Gesner and Caius, i. 21.

GILBERT, WILLIAM (1540-1603), i. 23, 24; physician to Queen Elizabeth, 23; writes on the magnet, 24.

Glasgow University, i. 87, 89, 120, 122, 128.

Gonville and Caius College, i. 19, 26.

Gonville Hall, i. 14, 19.

Goodsir, John, ii. 47, 255.

GRAVES, R. J. (1795-1853), ii. 189; studies at Dublin, London, and Edinburgh, 202; travels on Continent, 202; intercourse with Turner, 202; decision when in danger, 203; description of, by Stokes, 203; appointments in Dublin, 204, 206; introductory lecture, 204; his clinical method, 205; lectures on physiology, 206; clinical lectures, 206; Trousseau’s opinion, 206, 207; views on fevers, 208; on cholera, 208; death, 209.

Gregory family, i. 87, 99-108.

Gregory, Henry, on Marshall Hall, i. 277.

GREGORY, JAMES, Dr. (1753-1821), on Monro secundus, i. 83; early years, 102; completes his father’s lectures, 102; studies on the Continent, 102; practice, 103; Gregory’s “Conspectus,” 103; succeeds to Cullen’s chair, 103; controversies, 103-105; Gregory and John Bell, 105, 110, 112; as a teacher and lecturer, 106; autocracy, 103-107; philosophical writings, 107.

GREGORY, JOHN (1724-1773), i. 95; early years, 99; studies at Edinburgh, 99; at Leyden, 99; elected professor at Aberdeen, 100; marriage, 100; settles in London, 100; recalled to Aberdeen, 100; removes to Edinburgh, 100; works, 101; death, 102.

Gregory, William, i. 107.

Grocyn, i. 3, 7.

GULL, Sir W. W. (b. 1816); studies at Guy’s Hospital, ii. 159; appointments at Guy’s, 160; writings, 161; protest against specialism, 161; address to British Medical Association, 162; Harveian oration, 162, 163; honours, 163, 164; evidence on intemperance, 164; view of vivisection, 165, 166.

Guy, William, ii. 302.

GUY, W. A. (b. 1810); education, ii. 302; studies at Guy’s, Cambridge, and on the Continent, 303; appointed professor at King’s College, London, 303; studies statistics, 303; sanitary reforms, 303; works, 303.

Guy’s Hospital, i. 202-222, 225, ii. 3-13, 15-21, 159-161, 282, 291.

Guy’s Hospital Reports, ii. 10, 18, 20, 21, 161, 294.

HALFORD, Sir HENRY (1766-1844); on Baillie, ii. 51; education, 56; physician to Middlesex Hospital, 56; physician to George III., 57; change of name, 57; president of College of Physicians, 58; writings, 58.

HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857); birth, i. 264; education and apprenticeship, 265; study at Edinburgh, 265; lectures on diagnosis, 266; Continental study, 267; practice in Nottingham, 267; work on Diagnosis, 267; on Symptoms and History of Diseases, 268; on Loss of Blood, 268; antagonism to bleeding, 268; removes to London, 269; rapid success, 269; research on circulation refused by Royal Society, 270; other papers accepted, 270; study of hybernation, 271; accident to a manuscript, 271; research on reflex actions, 272-276; application to nervous diseases, 273, 274, 276, 277; persistent attacks on, 274, 275; second paper rejected by Royal Society, 274; researches on galvanism and nervous tissues, 275; replies to mis-statements, 275, 276; new memoir on Nervous System, 276; Ready Method in Asphyxia, 277; his demeanour in practice, 278, 279; lectures, 279; at College of Physicians, 280; British Medical Association, 281; philanthropic schemes, 281; visit to America, 282; writes on Slavery, 282; Continental tour, and reception in Paris, 283; suggestions for restoring the apparently drowned, 284; painful illness and death, 285.

Hall, Mrs. Marshall, i. 276.

Hall, Robert, father of Marshall, i. 264.

Hall, Samuel, brother of Marshall, i. 265.

Hamilton, Duke of, i. 87, 89, 90.

Harrison, Treasurer of Guy’s, i. 212, 222, ii. 3.

Harveian Oration, i. 25, 45, 86, ii. 162.

HARVEY, WILLIAM (1578-1657); birth, i. 26; at Cambridge and Padua, 26; settles in London, 26; physician to St. Bartholomew’s, 27; Lumleian lecturer, 27; expounds new views on heart and circulation, 27; Treatise on Motion of Heart and Blood, 30-33; Harvey called crack-brained, 35; physician to James I. and Charles I., 35; travels on the Continent, 36; attendance on Charles I., 36, 37; at Edgehill, 37, 38; at Oxford, 38; studies hatching of eggs, 38; appointed Warden of Merton College, 38; his museum destroyed, 39; leaves Oxford, 39; lives with his brothers, 40; entrusts Treatise on Generation to Dr. Ent, 41; its publication, 42; Harvey’s lost medical works, 43; benefactions to College of Physicians, 44-47; declines Presidency, 45; infirmity in old age, 46; death and burial, 46; will, 46, 47; personal character, 47; personal appearance, 47, 48; lofty intellectual position, 49; habits, 49, 50; Latinity, 50; memorials in College of Physicians, 50; William Hunter on, 126; records of, in St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, ii. 169.

Harvey’s brothers, i. 26, 40, 46, 50.

Harwood, Dr., on William Hunter’s library, i. 129.

Hawkins, Cæsar, ii. 110.

Hazelwood School, ii. 261.

Healing, Caius’ Method of, i. 22.

Helmholtz, ii. 260.

Henry VII., i. 1, 2, 4.

Henry VIII., i. 4, 7, 10, 14.

Herbert, Sidney, ii. 298.

Hewson, William, i. 84, 126, 138.

Hill, Gardiner, and Lunacy, ii. 220, 221.

HINTON, JAMES (1822-1875); early history, ii. 278, 279; studies at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, 280; foreign voyages, 280; residence in Jamaica, 280; intercourse with Toynbee, 281; early writings, 281; aural practice, 282; charm of conversation, 283; later publications, 284; death, 284.

Hinton, J. H., ii. 278.

Hippocrates, the British, i. 52-70.

Hobbes of Malmesbury, i. 47.

Hodgson, Joseph, ii. 261.

Holland, Lord and Lady, i. 294, ii. 65.

HOLLAND, Sir HENRY (1788-1873), ii. 15; early life, 62; at Glasgow University, 63; draws up Report on Agriculture of Cheshire, 63; at Edinburgh, 64; in society, 64; travels, 64, 65, 68, 69; becomes medical attendant to Princess Caroline, 65; success and moderation, 66; his great energy, 67; marriages, 67; physician to Queen Victoria, 67, 68; death, 68; writings, 69; Recollections of Past Life, 70.

Home, Sir Everard, i. 141, 143, 148, 152, 154, 158-161, 178, 290, 291.

Houstoun, R., ii. 109.

Humane Society, i. 147, 284.

Hume, David, i. 91, 102.

Hunterian Museums. See Museums.

Hunterian Oration, i. 309.

HUNTER, JOHN (1728-1793), i. 123, 124, 127, 131; birth and early years, 133; visit to Glasgow, 133; goes to London and assists his brother, 134; his hospital studies, 134; short residence at Oxford, 135; shares his brother’s lectures, 135; his style of lecturing, 136; early discoveries, 136; dissection of animals, 137; becomes staff-surgeon in army, and goes to Belleisle and Portugal, 137; returns home and practises in Golden Square, 138; want of tact, 138; his brusqueness, 139; builds a house at Earl’s Court, and keeps a private menagerie, 139; his encounter with leopards, 139; ruptures his tendo Achillis, and studies mode of cure, 140; elected Fellow of Royal Society, and surgeon to St. George’s Hospital, 140; takes a house in Jermyn Street, and receives Jenner as pupil, 141; marries Miss Home, 141; his dislike of fashionable parties, 141; writes on the Teeth, and on digestion of stomach after death, 142; his principal contributions to the Royal Society, 142, 143; his indefatigable industry, 143; punctuality and order, 144; blunt hospitality, 144; employs an artist named Bell, 144, 145; lectures on surgery, 145; after-dinner habits, 146, 147; appointed surgeon to the King, 147; Croonian lectures, 148; suffers from angina pectoris, 148; visit to Bath, 148; emotion at his brother’s death, 149; his eagerness for specimens, 150; obtains skeleton of O’Brien, the Irish giant, 150; evidence on murder of Sir T. Boughton, 150; Justice Buller’s strictures, 151; builds museum in Leicester Square, 151; renewed illness, 152; portrait by Sir Joshua Reynolds, 153; ties femoral artery, 153; experiments on deer’s antlers, 153; appointed surgeon-general to the army, 154; Copley medal awarded, 154; Home assists him, 154; Hunter writes treatise on Blood, Inflammation, &c., 155; dispute with hospital governors and surgeons, 155-157; aid to young students, 155; discussion at board meeting, and sudden death, 157; personal appearance, 158; national vote for his museum, 158; declined by Physicians, accepted by Surgeons, 158; Home and Hunter’s papers, 159; Home burns them, 160; Hunter the Cerberus of the Royal Society, 161; his generosity, 162; his income, 162; his sense of his own importance, 162; religious views, 162; removal of remains to Westminster Abbey, 163; views on life, 163, 164; Dr. Moxon on, 165; Sir James Paget on, 166-168; Abernethy on, 168; Clift on, 168; and Edward Jenner, 170, 171, 176; and Cline, 203; and Astley Cooper, 204, 205; and Abernethy, 228, 241; and Baillie, ii. 53; and ovariotomy, 106.

HUNTER, WILLIAM (1718-1783), i. 84; becomes Cullen’s pupil, 89; subsequent friendship with Cullen, 91, 94, 120, 122; studies at Edinburgh, 120; goes to London, 120; studies at St. George’s Hospital, 121; lectures on anatomy, 121; lack of means, 122; enters on obstetric practice, 122; visits home, 122; Medical Commentaries and other writings, 123; disputes as to originality, 123, 127; is assisted by John Hunter, 124; excellence as a teacher, 124; on anatomical controversy, 125; on Harvey, 126; called in to the Queen, 126; chosen professor to the Royal Academy, 127; Hunter and the Royal Society, 127, 128; Hunterian Museum (now at Glasgow), 128; founds anatomical school in Great Windmill Street, 129; cost and extent of his collection, 129, 130; leaves it to Baillie, with reversion to Glasgow University, 130; intends to retire, 130; dies, 131; portraits of Hunter, 131; personal habits and manners, 132; bequeaths estate to Baillie, 132; and John Hunter, 134; and Baillie, ii. 53; and ovariotomy, 106.

Hypochondria, Description of, i. 65.

India and Jenner, i. 183, 197.

Infirmary at Edinburgh, i. 78, ii. 26-28, 36-39, 45, 49, 73.

Jackson, C., ii. 98.

James I., i. 24, 35.

Jefferson, President, i. 182.

Jeffrey, Francis, i. 257, 258, 262.

JENNER, EDWARD (1749-1823), i. 141, 148; apprenticeship, 169; inoculation for small-pox, 170; becomes John Hunter’s pupil, 170; their mutual influence, 171; Jenner’s sympathetic qualities, 172; suggestion about earthworms, 172; his personal appearance, 173; wit, poetry, and accomplishments, 174; convivial societies, 174, 175; studies cow-pox, 176-180; publishes discovery of vaccination, 179; refuses London practice, 180; Jenner and Dr. Woodville, 181; discovery made known on Continent, 181; in United States, 182; in the East, 183; Jenner’s patriotic offer, 183; publishes brief narrative, 184-186; vaccination by non-professionals, 186; vaccination attacked, 187; gratuitous vaccination, 189; public vaccine Board, 190; a temple to Jenner, 191; the Empress of Russia and Jenner, 191; Parliamentary grant, 192; Royal Jennerian Institution, 193; Treasury delays, 193; testimony of Canadian Indians, 194; Napoleon and Jenner, 194; National Vaccine Establishment, 195; Jenner’s inward life, 196; second Parliamentary grant, 196, 197; gratitude of Europeans in India, 197; bereavements, 197; death from small-pox after vaccination, 198; Jenner’s account, 198; presentation to the Czar, 199; death of Mrs. Jenner, 199; death, 200; Dr. Baron on, 200, 201.

Jennerian Society, Royal, i. 190, 193.

JENNER, Sir WILLIAM (b. 1815); studies and early successes, ii. 118; papers on Typhoid and Typhus Fevers, 119, 123; later appointments and writings, 124, 125; on Parkes, 296, 301.

Jenner, Stephen, i. 169.

Kaye. See Caius.

Keate, i. 155.

Keith, T., ii. 102.

Key. See Caius.

King’s College, London, ii. 74, 76, 77, 147, 149, 150, 262-264, 304.

Knox, Robert, ii. 72, 73.

Laennec, ii. 5, 181.

Lancet, The, i. 267, 275, 293, 298, 307, 309, 310, ii. 97, 133, 134, 142, 214, 243, 244, 295.

Latimer, i. 7.

LAWRENCE, Sir WILLIAM (1783-1867), and Brodie, i. 289; education, 303; apprenticed to Abernethy, 303; appointments at St. Bartholomew’s, 304; early works, 304; professor at College of Surgeons, 305; criticism of Abernethy, 305; lectures on Man, and controversy thereon, 305-307; Lawrence yields to the storm, 307; establishes Aldersgate Medical School, 307; ophthalmic works, 308; relations with College of Surgeons, 308; delivers Hunterian oration, 309; character of, 310; death, 311.

Lenten preacher at Rome, a, i. 115-117.

Lifeboat Institution, National, and Marshall Hall, i. 284.

Lilye, i. 12.

LINACRE, THOMAS (1460-1524), birth, i. 1; descent, 2; school-days, 2; elected fellow of All Souls’, 2; takes pupils, 2; travels in Italy, 2; graduates M.D. at Oxford, 3; translates the “Sphere” of Proclus, 3; teaches Erasmus Greek, 3; becomes Prince Arthur’s tutor, 3; appointed physician to Henry VIII, 4; studies theology, 4; gains preferments, 5; advises Erasmus, 5; lectures at Oxford, 6; receives a flattering address, 6; translates Aristotle and Galen, 7, 8; writes on grammar and language, 8; founds College of Physicians, 8-10; benefactions to it, 10; founds lectureships at Oxford and Cambridge, 10-12; his practical skill, 12; his personal character, 12; death, 13; buried in St. Paul’s, 13; memorial erected by Caius, 13; will, 13.

Lister, Joseph Jackson, F.R.S., ii. 135-137.

LISTER, Sir JOSEPH (b. 1828), ii. 46, 47, 114; studies, 137; physiological researches, 137; professorship at Glasgow, 138; unhealthy wards, 138-140; carbolic acid and germs, 141; the antiseptic system, 141-147; diminution of pyæmia, 143, 146; experiment on a calf, 143, 144; antiseptic gauze, 145; carbolic spray, 146; corrosive sublimate, 146; distinctions conferred upon, 147.

Liston, Rev. Harry, ii. 24.

LISTON, ROBERT (1794-1847), education and early years, ii. 24; medical study in Edinburgh, 25; in London, 25; assists Barclay, 25; lectures on anatomy and surgery, 26; dissensions at the Royal Infirmary, 26-28; removes to London, 28; works on surgery, 28; as an operator, 29, 30; his great strength, 30, 31; his decision, 31; and the College of Surgeons, 32; the Times on, 32, 33; and Syme, 33, 34, 35-37, 39-41; death, 34; and Sir J. Simpson, 85; and chloroform, 98.

Lizars, Alexander, ii. 49.

Lizars, John, ii. 39, 48-50, 74, 109.

Locke, John, i. 62, 63, 70.

Lombard, Dr. H. C., ii. 119.

London Hospital, ii. 250-252.

London University, i. 257, ii. 163, 176, 301.

Long, St. John, i. 296.

Lonsdale, Dr., on Dr. Addison, ii. 3, 12, 13.

Lorenzo de Medici, i. 2.

Louis, i. 283, ii. 120.

Lumleian lectures, i. 27, 35, 44.

Lunacy, ii. 217-235.

Lymphatics, i. 84.

Macilwain on Abernethy, i. 231-233.

M’Dowell, Ephraim, ii. 107-109.

M’Kendrick, Dr., on Hughes Bennett, ii. 215, 216.

MACKENZIE, MORELL (b. 1837), on specialism, ii. 240; early life, 249, 250; medical study, 250, 251; Continental studies, 251; acquaintance with Czermak, 251; appointments at London Hospital, 251, 252; work with laryngoscope, 251-254; becomes a specialist in diseases of the throat, 252; his various works, 253; extension of specialism, 253, 254.

Mackenzie, Stephen, ii. 249, 250, 268.

Mackenzie’s Travels in Iceland, ii. 15, 64.

Malpighi, i. 30, note.

Malthus, i. 61.

Manchester, Bishop of, on cremation, ii. 117.

Manutius, Aldus, i. 2, 3.

Mapletoft, Dr. J., i. 52, 62.

Mary, Queen, i. 14.

Materialism, i. 306.

MAUDSLEY, HENRY (b. 1835); studies in London, ii. 232; appointed Professor at University College, 233; writes on Theory of Vitality and on Physiology and Pathology of Mind, 233; Gulstonian Lectures on Body and Mind, 234; case of Victor Townley, 235; on Responsibility in Mental Disease, 235; on Pathology of Mind, 235; on Body and Will, 237, 238.

Meckel, i. 83.

Medical and Chirurgical Society, Royal, i. 213, 268, 295, 297, 299, ii. 11, 123, 187.

Medical Association, British, i. 281, ii. 45, 81, 124, 290.

Medical Council, ii. 159, 164, 289.

Medical Lectures, i. 75, 90, 92, 95, 96, 97, 100, 103, 106, ii. 5, 17, 133, 150, 158, 160, 183, 189.

Medical Society, Royal, of Edinburgh, i. 213, 265, ii. 2, 88, 209, 222.

Medical Times, ii. 77, 293, 294, 297.

Medicine, British, Foundation of, i. 1-24.

Menagerie, Tower, i. 137, 211.

Merton College, Oxford, i. 38, 39.

Middlesex Hospital, i. 250, 259, ii. 56, 131, 149, 256.

Minto House Hospital, ii. 38, 39.

MONRO, ALEXANDER (primus) (1697-1767); birth, i. 75; education, 75, 76; appointed Professor of Anatomy, 76; first lecture, 76; large classes, 77; difficulty of obtaining subjects, 77; building of the infirmary, 78; clinical lectures, 79; post mortem examinations, 79; “Osteology,” 79; other works, 79; Comparative Anatomy, 80; private life, 80; dresses wounds after Prestonpans, 81; death, 81; Professor Struthers on, 81.

MONRO, ALEXANDER (secundus) (1733-1817); birth, i. 82; lectures for his father, 82; Continental travels, 82; taught by Meckel, 83; becomes professor, 83; medical practice, 83; discoveries on the lymphatic system, 84; other works, 85; fondness for the stage, 85; and for horticulture, 85; economy of time, 86; favours vaccination, 86; death, 87; John Bell and, 108, 109.

MONRO, ALEXANDER (tertius), i. 86.

Monro, John, i. 75, 76.

Montagu, Lady Mary, i. 100.

Montanus, i. 14.

Monteith, Alex., i. 73, 74.

More, Hannah, ii. 178.

More, Sir T., i. 2, 3, 11.

Morris, Edward, i. 197.

Morton, W. T. G., ii. 98.

Moxon, Dr., on John Hunter, i. 165, 166.

Müller, Johannes, and Marshall Hall, i. 270.

MURCHISON, CHARLES (1830-1879), ii. 119; medical studies, 130, 131; work in Calcutta and Burmah, 131; returns to London, 131; appointments, 131; work on Continued Fevers, 131-133; other writings, 133; his teaching powers, 133; character, 134.

Museums, Hunterian, i. 128-130, 151, 158, 159, 163.

Napoleon I. and Jenner, i. 194.

National Vaccine Institution, i. 193, 195.

Nélaton, ii. 11.

Nightingale, Miss Florence, ii. 265.

O’Brien, skeleton of, i. 150.

Orfila, ii. 285, 286, 291.

Ottley, D., on John Hunter, i. 146.

Ovariotomy, ii. 106-114.

Oxford University, Linacre and, i. 2, 3, 6, 7, 11; Harvey and, 38, 39; Sydenham at, 52-54; John Hunter at, 135; and Jenner, 199; and Baillie, ii. 52; and Halford, 56.

Padua, Linacre at, i. 2; Caius at, 14; Harvey at, 26.

PAGET, Sir JAMES (b. 1814), i. 166-168, ii. 72, 114, 143; early studies, 167; report on results of use of microscope, 168; address to students, 168, 169; professorship at College of Surgeons, 169: publication of lectures, 170; conditions of healthy nutrition, 170, 171; lecture on Study of Physiology, 172; clinical lectures, 172; attention to detail, 173; serious illness, 173, 174; on Theology and Science, 174; on alcohol, 175; appointments, 176; on the College of Surgeons’ Museum, 176; on exceptions to types, 177; on Study of Science, 177.

Palmer, trial of, i. 284, ii. 287, 288, 294.

Palmerston, Lord, ii. 66.

PARKES, E. A. (1819-1875); Harveian oration, i. 25; early influences, ii. 296; studies at University College, 296; goes to Madras and Moulmein, 297; practice in London, 297; journalistic work, 297; physician to University College Hospital, 297; serves in Crimean war, 298; appointed professor at Army Medical School, 298; Manual of Practical Hygiene, 299; Army Medical Reports, 300; Sir W. Jenner on, 301; death, 302.

Parry, Dr., and Jenner, i. 197.

Paterson, Dr., Life of Syme by, ii. 31.

Pathological Society, ii. 185.

Pathology, i. 145.

Pearson, Dr., and vaccination, i. 190, 191.

Pembroke, Earl of, i. 15.

Pennock, Dr., of Philadelphia, ii. 120.

Peruvian bark, i. 59.

Pettigrew, Dr., on Astley Cooper, i. 216-218; on Abernethy, 230.

Petty, Lord H., and vaccination, i. 196.

Physical Society of Guy’s, i. 213, ii. 6.

Physicians (Edinburgh), College of, i. 72-73, 76, ii. 289.

Physicians (Irish), College of, ii. 158, 206.

Physicians (London), College of, foundation of, i. 1, 8; letters patent, 9; new statutes, 10; Caius and, 15; insignia of, 17; dissection, 18; Harvey Lumleian lecturer at, 27, 35; declines presidency, 45; Sydenham and, 61; and John Hunter’s Museum, 158; E. Jenner and, 195, 199; Marshall Hall and, 280; Bright and, ii. 21; Baillie and, 53, 55; Halford and, 56, 58; W. Jenner and, 124; Murchison and, 133; Watson and, 151; Williams and, 184, 187; Maudsley and, 234, 238; Parkes and, 298; Guy and, 303.

Pinel, ii. 218, 219.

Piozzi, Mrs., on Henry Holland, ii. 64.

Pitcairne, i. 73.

Pitt, William, i. 158.

Plempius of Louvain, i. 44.

Poisons, ii. 4.

Politian, i. 2.

Pott, Percival, i. 134, 228.

Prayer for the sick, ii. 197.

Prestonpans, i. 81.

Priestley, Dr., ii. 95.

Quacks, i. 16, 17, 58.

Quain, Jones, ii. 241, 242.

Queen’s University, Ireland, ii. 158.

Reflex action, i. 272-277.

Reid, John, ii. 85.

Reid, Thomas, i. 99, 107.

Resurrectionists, i. 208-211.

Reynolds, Dr. Russell, i. 276, 295.

Reynolds’, Sir Joshua, portrait of William Hunter, i. 131; of John Hunter, 153, 163.

Richardson, John, i. 257.

Rinderpest, ii. 129.

Riolan, John, the younger, i. 33, 36, note.

Roots, Dr. W., and Astley Cooper, 206.

Royal Institution, ii. 66, 172.

Royal Society and William Hunter, i. 127; and John Hunter, 140, 142, 143, 147, 148, 149, 154; and Astley Cooper, 212, 213; and Charles Bell, 253; and Marshall Hall, 270, 272, 274, 275; and Brodie, 291, 292, 297, 300; and Lister, ii. 138, 147; and Wilson, 244; and Bowman, 262; and Toynbee, 273, 275; and Parkes, 301.

Russia, Emperor of, i. 195, 199.

—— Empress of, i. 191.

Salm, Count de, and vaccination, i. 191.

Sandford, Bishop, i. 114.

Sandys, Bishop, i. 20.

Scott, Sir Walter, ii. 150.

Selling, William, fellow of All Souls’, i. 2.

Servetus, i. 27, 28.

Shagglyng Lecture, i. 6.

Sharpe, Samuel, i. 121.

Shaw, Alexander, i. 249, 257, 258.

Shaw, John, i. 249, 250, 256.

Shelburne, Lord, i. 128.

Short, Dr. T., i. 68.

Sibbald, Sir R., i. 72, 73, 75.

Siddons, Mrs., i. 85.

Simmons, Dr. Foart, on William Hunter, i. 132.

SIMON, JOHN (b. 1816); student at King’s College, 304; appointed lecturer at St. Thomas’s Hospital, 304; medical officer to City of London, 304; to Board of Health and Privy Council, 304; Reports to Privy Council, 305; honours, 306.

Simpson, Alexander, ii. 84, 86, 89, 104.

SIMPSON, Sir JAMES Y. (1811-1870); birth and early years, ii. 83, 84; student life in Edinburgh, 85; his father’s death, 86; disappointed of a parish surgeoncy, 86; becomes assistant to Professor Thomson, 87; his first original paper, 88; description of, when presiding over Medical Society, 88, 89; visits London and the Continent, 89; his habits of plain speech, 90; candidature for professorship of midwifery, 90, 91; his success, 91, 92; antiquarian paper on Leprosy, 92; success in practice, 92, 93; complaints of neglect, 93; controversies, 94; experiments with sulphuric ether, 98; introduces chloroform, 99; description of Simpson’s parties, 101; introduces acupressure, 102; attacks hospital system, 102; honours, 103; bereavements, 103; death, 104.

Slavery, Marshall Hall on, i. 282.

Smith, Adam, i. 91.

Smith, Henry, and Marshall Hall, i. 271.

Smith, Henry, and Sir W. Fergusson, ii. 79, 80, 82.

Smith, Sydney, and Holland, ii. 67, 68.

Specialism, ii. 161, 239, 240.

Squirrel, Dr., and vaccination, i. 188.

St. Andrews University, i. 175.

St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, i. 27, 36, 134, 304, 307, ii. 149, 167-169, 176, 286.

St. George’s Hospital, i. 134, 140, 154-158, 290, 291, ii. 25, 53, 59, 269, 273.

St. Mary’s Hospital, ii. 131, 257, 275.

St. Thomas’s Hospital, i. 204, 205, 211, 212, 216, 218, 219, 221, 222, 279, ii. 105, 133, 291, 304.

Stethoscope, the, ii. 5, 60.

Stewart, Dr. A. P., ii. 120.

Stewart, Dugald, i. 63, 95.

STOKES, WILLIAM (1804-1878); studies in Glasgow and Edinburgh, ii. 188; writes on the stethoscope, 188; early success, 189; work on Diseases of the Chest, 189; appointed Professor in Dublin University, 189; work on Diseases of the Heart, 190; lectures on fever, 191; on student’s culture, 191; on prevention of disease, 192; character by Sir H. Acland, 192; early rising and geniality, 193; death, 193; on Graves, 203, 205.

Struthers, Professor, on Monro primus, i. 81; on Monro secundus, 83, 87; on John Bell, 111.

Surgeons, College of, Edinburgh, i. 72, 75, 77, 208, ii. 44, 49, 73

Surgeons, College of, London, i. 220, 221, 240, 250, 256, 294, 297, 304-311, ii. 32, 79, 81, 115, 167, 169, 176, 246, 249, 271, 305.

Surgical Lectures, i. 79, 109, 131, 138, 145, 154, 156, 205, 229, 246, 247, 291, ii. 25, 28, 36, 37, 48, 49, 79.

Sutherland, James, i. 72.

Sweating Sickness, i. 15.

Sydenham College, i. 279, ii. 242.

—— Society, New, ii. 187, 189.

SYDENHAM, THOMAS (1624-1689); birth, i. 52; at Oxford, 52; led to choose medicine by Dr. Coxe, 53; escapes when shot at in London, 53; returns to Oxford, 54; removes to London, 54; publishes method of curing fevers, 54; his principles, 55; philosophic views, 56; ideas of disease, 57; views on nature’s order, 58; on quacks and culpable secrecy, 58; on Peruvian bark, 59; Dr. J. Brown on the “Method,” 59, 60; subsequent editions, 60; becomes M.D., 61; treatise on gout and dropsy, 61; death, 61; will, 61; medicine learnt by practice, 62; his opinion of Locke, 62; experimental medicine, 63; attention to wishes of patients, 64; on hysteria and hypochondria, 65; Sydenham’s character of himself, 66; his humour, 66, 67; kindheartedness, 67; calumnies on, 68; his Rational Theology, 69; his religious feelings, 69, 70.

Sydenham, William, i. 52.

SYME, JAMES (1799-1870); and Liston, ii. 25-27, 31, 33, 34; education and early years, 35; discovers waterproofing process, 35; assists Liston, 36; amputation at the hip-joint, 36; studies in Germany, 36; Brown Square Medical School, 36; surgical lectures, 37; starts Minto House Hospital, 38; clinical lectures, 38; Liston’s jealousy, 39; gains professorship of surgery, 39; reconciliation with Liston, 40; Syme’s controversies, 40; writings, 41, 44, 45; brief removal to London, 41-43; great operations, 44; Principles of Surgery, 44; address to British Medical Association, 45; Battle of the Sites, 45; private life, 46; on antiseptic method, 46; testimonial dinner, 47; Professor Lister on, 48; and Fergusson, 73, 75, 76.

TAYLOR, A. SWAINE (1806-1880); education, ii. 291; medical studies, 291; studies chemistry and medical jurisprudence, 291; appointed to lecture at Guy’s, 292; papers and writings, 292, 293; appearance as witness, 294; the Palmer trial, 294; death, 294.

Theology, Sydenham’s Rational, i. 69.

THOMPSON, Sir HENRY (b. 1820); studies in London and Paris, ii. 195; twice wins Jacksonian prize, 195; appointments at University College, 195, 196; Clinical Lectures, 195; Practical Lithotomy and Lithotrity, 195; Civiale’s operation, 196; attends King of the Belgians, 196; controversy on Prayer for the Sick, 197; on cremation, 198, 199; on use of intoxicants, 200; on Food and Feeding, 200; artistic tastes, 200.

Thomson, Prof. A. T., ii. 296, 297.

Thomson, Prof. John, ii. 87, 90.

Thornhill, Sir James, i. 61.

Times, The, on Liston, ii. 32, 33.

Todd, R. B., ii. 262-264.

Tonstal, i. 11.

Tower Menagerie and John Hunter, i. 137; and Astley Cooper, 211.

TOYNBEE, JOSEPH (1815-1866); education, 273; medical study, 273; researches on the eye, 273; aural practice, 274; Asylum for Deaf and Dumb, 274; researches and dissections, 275; appointment to St. Mary’s Hospital, 275; ventilation hobby, 275, 276; Hints on Local Museums, 276; artificial tympanic membrane, 276; melancholy death, 277; intercourse with Hinton, 281.

Travers, Mr., on Astley Cooper, 207.

Treatment, expectant, i. 59.

Trousseau, ii. 6, 11; on Graves, 206, 207.

Tuke family and lunacy, ii. 219, 220, 231.

Turner, J. M. W., ii. 202.

Typhoid and Typhus Fevers, ii. 119-133.

University College, London, i. 257, ii. 28, 41-43, 118, 124, 137, 149, 183, 195, 196, 222, 232, 233, 273, 296-298.

Vaccination, i. 178-200.

Vaccine Institution, National, i. 193, 195.

Vaughan family, the, ii. 55, 56.

Vaughan, Henry. See Halford, Sir Henry.

Vesalius, i. 14.

Victoria, Queen, i. 311, ii. 57, 60, 67, 68, 81, 124, 151, 158, 164, 176, 188, 196.

Vitelli, Cornelio, i. 2.

Vivisection, i. 252, 271-275, 292, ii. 143, 165, 265.

Wakley, Thomas, ii. 243, 245.

Walker, Dr., and vaccination, i. 193.

Wallis, John, ii. 267.

Warren, Dr. J. C., and anæsthetics, ii. 98.

Waterhouse, Prof., i. 182.

Waterloo, Charles Bell at, i. 250.

WATSON, Sir THOMAS (1792-1882), ii. 128; education, 148; elected fellow of St. John’s, Cambridge, 149; medical studies in Edinburgh and London, 149; becomes proctor at Cambridge, 149; removes to London, 149; appointments, 149, 150; and Sir Walter Scott, 150; lectures published, 150; honours, 151; Introductory Lecture, 151-153; Dr. West on, 153; British Medical Journal on, 154; death, 155.

Webb Street School of Medicine, i. 279.

Wells, Horace, ii. 97.

West, Dr. C., on Sir T. Watson, ii. 153.

Westfaling, Thomas, i. 179.

WELLS, Sir T. SPENCER (b. 1818), on Sir W. Fergusson, ii. 72; student life in Leeds, Dublin, and London, 105; joins Samaritan Hospital, 106; experience in Crimean war, 110; early experiences in ovariotomy, 111, 112; stringent precautions, 113; great successes, 113, 114; adopts antiseptic system, 114; on surgery as salvaging, 115; municipal and state questions, 116; on cremation, 117.

Whytt, Andrew, i. 95, 100, 273.

Wilkes, John, i. 100.

Wilks, Dr., on Dr. Addison, ii. 8-11; on Dr. Bright, 18.

William IV., i. 224, 259, 295, ii. 57, 60.

WILLIAMS, CHARLES J. B. (b. about 1800); early education, ii. 178; scientific experiments, 179; studies at Edinburgh, 179; chemical researches, 180; studies in London and Paris, 180; work on Stethoscope, 181; settles in London, 181; early writings, 182; sounds of heart, 182; Lectures at Kinnerton Street, 183; reports to British Association, 183; becomes Professor at University College, 183; Gulstonian lectures, 184; physician to Hospital for Consumption, 185; Principles of Medicine, 185; first president of Pathological Society, 185; work on Cod-Liver Oil, 186, 187; presidency of New Sydenham Society, and of Medical and Chirurgical Society, 187; studies in retirement, 188.

WILSON, ERASMUS (1809-1884); early life, ii. 240, 241; studies under Abernethy, and in Paris, 241; pupil of Langstaff, 241; joins Aldersgate School of Medicine, 241; assists Quain at University College, 242; establishes Sydenham College, 242; writes the Dissector’s Manual and Anatomist’s Vade Mecum, 242; acquaintance with Thomas Wakley, and appointment on The Lancet, 243; becomes a specialist in skin diseases, 243; portraits of diseases of skin, 244; Continental studies, 244; character in practice, 244, 245; the case of flogging at Hounslow, 245; various works, 246; founds professorship of dermatology, 246; and of pathology, 246; becomes President of College of Surgeons, 247; pays for bringing Cleopatra’s Needle to London, 247; his great munificence, 248; bequest to College of Surgeons, 249; death, 249.

Wilson, i. 249, 256, 290, 291.

Windmill Street School, i. 129, 140, 156, 249, 256, 290, 291, ii. 59.

Wolsey, Cardinal, i. 4, 8.

Wood, Alexander, i. 108.

Woodville, Dr., and vaccination, i. 181, 187.

Yelloly, Dr., on Astley Cooper, i. 214.

York, Duke of, and Abernethy, i. 234.

Zoological Society, i. 274.

PRINTED BY BALLANTYNE, HANSON AND CO. EDINBURGH AND LONDON.

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“Here is a cookery-book unique in character, and well worth studying.”—Educational Times.

Second and Cheap Edition, with Twelve Portraits.

Small crown 8vo., 472 pp., cloth, price 3s. 6d.; gilt edges, 4s.

Landmarks of English Literature.

By HENRY J. NICOLL, Author of “Great Movements,” etc.

CONTENTS:

INTRODUCTION: Explains the Plan of the Book, and gives some Hints on the Study of Literature.

THE DAWN OF ENGLISH LITERATURE.

THE ELIZABETHAN ERA.

THE SUCCESSORS OF THE ELIZABETHANS.

THE LITERATURE OF THE RESTORATION.

THE WITS OF QUEEN ANNE’S TIME.

OUR FIRST GREAT NOVELISTS.

JOHNSON AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES.

THE NEW ERA IN POETRY.

SIR WALTER SCOTT AND THE PROSE LITERATURE OF THE EARLY PART OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.

OUR OWN TIMES.

PERIODICALS, REVIEWS, AND ENCYCLOPÆDIAS.

“We can warmly commend this excellent manual. Mr. Nicoll is a fair and sensible critic himself, and knows how to use with skill and judgment the opinions of other critics. His book has many competitors to contend with, but will be found to hold its own with the best of them.”—St. James’s Gazette.

“Mr. Nicoll’s facts are commendably accurate, and his style is perfectly devoid of pretentiousness, tawdriness, and mannerism, for which relief in the present day an author always deserves much thanks from his critics.”—Saturday Review.

“Mr. Nicoll has performed his task with great tact, much literary skill, and with great critical insight. No better book could be put into the hands of one who wishes to know something of our great writers, but who has not time to read their works himself; and no better guide to the man of leisure who desires to know the best works of our best writers and to study these in a thorough manner. Mr. Nicoll’s literary estimates are judicious, wise, and just in an eminent degree.”—Edinburgh Daily Review.

“Mr. Nicoll’s well-arranged volume will be of service to the student and interesting to the general reader. Biography and history are combined with criticism, so that the men are seen as well as their works.... The copious and careful table of chronology gives a distinct value to the book as a work of reference. The volume is without pretension, and deserves praise for simplicity of purpose, as well as for careful workmanship.”—Spectator.

Second and Cheap Edition.

WITH EIGHT PORTRAITS, 464 pp., crown 8vo., cloth, price 3s. 6d.; gilt edges, 4s.

=Great Movements and those who= Achieved Them. By HENRY J. NICOLL, Author of “Landmarks of English Literature,” etc.

“A useful book.... Such work ... should always find its reward in an age too busy or too careless to search out for itself the sources of the great streams of modern civilization.”—Times.

“An excellent series of biographies.... It has the merit of bespeaking our sympathies, not as books of this class are rather apt to do, on the ground of mere success, but rather on the higher plea of adherence to a lofty standard of duty.”—Daily News.

“Immense benefit might be done by adopting it as a prize book for young people in the upper classes of most sorts of schools.”—School Board Chronicle.

Crown 8vo., 576 pp., cloth, price 6s. 6d.; gilt edges, 7s.

=Woman’s Work and Worth in Girlhood,= Maidenhood, and Wifehood. With Hints on Self-Culture and Chapters on the Higher Education and Employment of Women. By W. H. DAVENPORT ADAMS.

“It is a small thing to say that it is excellent, and it is only justice to add that this all-important subject is dealt with in a style at once masterly, erudite, charming.”—Social Notes.

“As an aid and incitement to self-culture in girls, and pure and unexceptionable in tone, this book may be very thoroughly recommended, and deserves a wide circulation.”—English-woman’s Review.

“It is a noble record of the work of woman ... and one of the very best books which can be placed in the hands of a girl.”—Scholastic World.

WITH FIVE WOOD-CUTS, ILLUSTRATING “THE HAND OF GOOD FORTUNE,” ETC.

Crown 8vo., 304 pp., cloth, price 3s. 6d.

=Your Luck’s in Your Hand; or, The= Science of Modern Palmistry, chiefly according to the Systems of D’Arpentigny and Desbarrolles, with some Account of the Gipsies. By A. R. CRAIG, M.A., Author of “The Philosophy of Training,” etc. Third Edition.

CHAP.

1. PALMISTRY AS A SCIENCE. 2. ANCIENT PALMISTRY. 3. THE MODERN SCIENCE AND ITS HIGH PRIEST. 4. SIGNS ATTACHED TO THE PALM OF THE HAND. 5. THE THUMB. 6. HARD AND SOFT HANDS. 7. THE HAND IN CHILDREN. 8. SPATULED HAND. 9. THE ENGLISH HAND. 10. THE NORTH AMERICAN HAND. 11. THE ARTIST HAND. 12. THE USEFUL HAND. 13. CHINESE HANDS. 14. THE HAND OF THE PHILOSOPHER. 15. THE HAND PSYCHICAL. 16. MIXED HANDS. 17. THE FEMALE HAND. 18. M. DESBARROLLES AND THE ADVANCED SCHOOL. 19. PALMISTRY IN RELATION TO THE FUTURE. 20. THE THREE WORLDS OF CHIROMANCY. 21. THE MOUNTS AND LINES. 22. THE LINE OF THE HEAD. 23. THE LINE OF LIFE—OF SATURN—OF THE LIVER—OF VENUS. 24. THE LINE OF THE SUN. 25. THE RASCETTE. 26. THE SEVEN CAPITAL SINS. 27. POWER OF INTERPRETATION. 28. THE ASTRAL FLUID. 29. THE CHILDREN OF THE RULING PLANETS: THEIR CHARACTERS. 30. READINGS OF THE HANDS OF CELEBRATED MEN AND WOMEN. 31. M. D’ARPENTIGNY AND THE GIPSIES—MR. BORROW’S RESEARCHES. 32. GIPSY CHIROMANTS. 33. THE HAND AS AFFECTED BY MARRIAGE. 34. CONCLUSION.

“The glove-makers ought to present the author with a service of gold plate. He will be a rash man who lets anybody see his bare hands after this. We are anxious to find a lost pair of gloves before we go out for a breath of fresh air after such an exhausting study as this book has furnished us.”—Sheffield and Rotherham Independent.

“Palmistry, chiromancy, and their kindred studies, may be mystical, indeed, but never unworthy. There is more in them than the mass imagine, and to those who care to wade into them. Mr. Craig will prove himself a capital guide.”—Manchester Weekly Post.

“The illustrations are curious. Those whose care to study the matter of hands, fortunate or unfortunate, will find abundant materials here.”—Literary World.

“It is certainly a ‘handy book,’ for hands of every class are so carefully described that all the signs of the palms may be readily ‘got up’ by those who wish to deal in this simplest of the dark sciences.”—Publishers’ Circular.

“The work is of surpassing interest.”—Aberdeen Journal.

“Gives the fullest rules for interpreting the lines and marks on the hands, fingers, and wrists, as well as the points of character indicated by their shape. We can imagine this little book, which is illustrated by five diagrams, being a source of a large amount of amusement.”—Bookseller.

=Manuals of Self-Culture for Young= Men and Women.

1. =The Secret of Success.= See page 10. 2. =Plain Living and High Thinking.= See page 12. 3. =Woman’s Work and Worth.= See page 7. 4. =Hood’s Guide to English Versification.= See page 23. 5. =Landmarks of English Literature.= See page 7.

Dedicated, by express permission, to Sir FREDERICK LEIGHTON, P.R.A.

PRINTED IN BROWN INK, WITH TWELVE FLORAL ILLUSTRATIONS, AND THE BINDING DESIGNED BY “LUKE LIMNER,” F.S.A.

Imperial 16mo., cloth, bevelled boards, interleaved, 432 pages, price 4s. 6d. gilt edges.

=The Birthday-Book of Art and Artists.= Compiled and Edited by ESTELLE DAVENPORT ADAMS, Editor of “Rose Leaves,” “Flower and Leaf,” etc.

“Mrs. Adams’ pleasant Birthday Book you eagerly will con.”—Punch.

“Birthday books we have seen in abundance, but this bears away the palm.”—Guernsey Mail.

“Estelle Davenport Adams has bestowed infinite trouble on her ‘Birthday Book of Art and Artists,’ which is quite an artistic encyclopædia on a small scale.”—Graphic.

“Few of the infinite variety of birthday books have been planned more ingeniously, or to more useful purpose, than this, which ought to secure a large share of the popularity lavished on these pretty manuals.”—Glasgow Herald.

“A handy little book for those persons who take note of birthdays, either for the giving or taking of presents.”—Athenæum.

“Altogether it is a birthday book to be coveted.”—Scotsman.

“The book may really be very useful, and concludes with an excellent index.”—Saturday Review.

“Mrs. Davenport Adams has combined in miniature something of a catalogue of art, a biographical dictionary of artists, and a dictionary of artistic criticism, and has thereby done a thing which may be of some service.”—World.

“Quite a dictionary of dates as to the birthdays of eminent artists, for, besides those whose names are allotted to the days of the year, there is a supplementary list. The quotations are well made. The book itself is a work of art.”—Sword and Trowel.

120 pp., small crown 8vo., boards, price 1s.; or bound in cloth, 1s. 6d.

=Self-Help for Women: A Guide to= Business. With Practical Directions for Establishing and Conducting Remunerative Trades and Business Occupations suitable for Women and Girls. By A WOMAN OF BUSINESS.

1. CELEBRATED WOMEN OF BUSINESS. 2. SELECTING A BUSINESS. 3. CONDUCTING A BUSINESS. 4. THE BERLIN-WOOL BUSINESS. 5. THE BOOT AND SHOE TRADE. 6. CONFECTIONERY BUSINESS. (With Confectioners’ Receipts.) 7. CORSET-MAKING BUSINESS. 8. THE DRESS-MAKING BUSINESS. 9. THE FANCY TRADE. 10. FISH AND GAME TRADE. 11. GLASS AND CHINA BUSINESS. 12. THE JEWELLERY TRADE. 13. LADIES’ UNDERCLOTHING AND BABY LINEN WAREHOUSE. 14. THE MUSIC TRADE. 15. SERVANTS’ REGISTRY BUSINESS. 16. SHEFFIELD AND BIRMINGHAM GOODS TRADE. 17. STATIONERY AND BOOKSELLING. 18. THE TOY TRADE. 19. MISCELLANEOUS TRADES. 20. HOTEL MANAGING. 21. THE LADY HOUSEKEEPER AND THE LADY HELP. 22. HOME OCCUPATIONS. 23. THE PLEASURES OF WORK.

“The writer is evidently well informed, and her shrewd, practical hints cannot fail to be of value to an increasing class of the community, the women who are left to fight their own way in the world.”—Echo.

“This volume will be useful and cheering to many a woman thrown upon her own resources, by showing her what other women have done, and enabling her to discover in what direction she can best make use of her abilities.”—Bristol Mercury.

“Before going into any trade or profession women should consult this little work.”—Sheffield Independent.

“Claims our most marked attention.”—Punch.

“A shilling laid out in the purchase of this little book will prove a far better investment than the waste of postage stamps in replying to letters.”—Stationer.

“This is not a trumpery talk about business suitable for women, but a serious production, in which specific trades and occupations are dealt with in an intelligent and candid manner.”—Manchester Weekly Post.

“To those who find it needful to leave home and to enter upon the struggles of the world, the little book which ‘A Woman of Business’ has prepared will be found at once a guide and an encouragement.”—Manchester Courier.

“It fully fulfils its object in clearly showing the variety of businesses and lucrative employment which women may follow, as well as giving useful information as to how to start.”—Weldon’s Ladies’ Journal.

“A volume which every woman who is at a loss to know how she may earn honourable livelihood should purchase.”—Dundee Courier.

WITH EIGHT ILLUSTRATIONS ON TONED PAPER.

Fifth Edition, small crown 8vo., 384 pp., cloth, price 3s. 6d; gilt edges, 4s.

=The Secret of Success; or, How to= Get on in the World. With some Remarks upon True and False Success, and the Art of making the Best Use of Life. Interspersed with Numerous Examples and Anecdotes. By W. H. DAVENPORT ADAMS, Author of “Plain Living and High Thinking,” etc.

“Mr. Adams’s work is in some respects more practical than Mr. Smiles’s. He takes the illustrations more from the world of business and commerce, and their application is unmistakable.... There is much originality and power displayed in the manner in which he impresses his advice on his readers.”—Aberdeen Journal.

“There is a healthy, honest ring in its advice, and a wise discrimination between true and false success.... Many a story of success and failure helps to point its moral.”—Bradford Observer.

“The field which Mr. Adams traverses is so rich, extensive, and interesting, that his book is calculated to impart much sound moral philosophy of a kind and in a form that will be appreciated by a large number of readers.... The book is otherwise a mine of anecdote relating to men who have not only got on in the world, but whose names are illustrious as benefactors to their kind.”—Dundee Advertiser.

WITH TWO COLOURED PLATES AND EIGHT PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS.

Third edition, small crown 8vo., 400 pp., cloth, price 3s. 6d.; gilt edges, 4s.

=Our Redcoats and Bluejackets: War= Pictures on Land and Sea. Forming a Continuous Narrative of the Naval and Military History of England from the year 1793 to the Present Time, including the Afghan and Zulu Campaigns, Interspersed with Anecdotes and Accounts of Personal Service. By HENRY STEWART, Author of “The Ocean Wave,” etc. With a Chronological List of England’s Naval and Military Engagements.

“A capital collection of graphic sketches of plucky and brilliant achievements afloat and ashore, and has, moreover, the advantage of being a succinct narrative of historical events. It is, in fact, the naval and military history of England told in a series of effective tableaux.”—World.

“It is not a mere collection of scraps and anecdotes about our soldiers and sailors, but a history of their principal achievements since the beginning of the war in 1793. The book has charms for others than lads.”—Scotsman.

“Besides being a work of thrilling interest as a mere story-book, it will also be most valuable as a historical work for the young, who are far more likely to remember such interesting historical pictures than the dry lists of dates and battles which they find in their school-books.... Possesses such a genuine interest as no work of fiction could surpass.”—Aberdeen Journal.

* * * * *

“Among the multitude of publishers who issue books suitable for presents, Mr. Hogg holds a high place. A catalogue of his publications, samples of which lie before us, contains a number of useful and interesting works eminently suitable for presentation to young people of both sexes, and they contain as much reading at as low a price as any books in the market.”—PALL MALL GAZETTE.

WITH UPWARDS OF 300 ENGRAVINGS BY BEWICK AND OTHERS.

FIFTH AND CHEAP EDITION.

Large crown 8vo., 520 pp., cloth, price 3s. 6d.; gilt edges, 4s.

=The Parlour Menagerie=: Wherein are exhibited, in a Descriptive and Anecdotical form, the Habits, Resources, and Mysterious Instincts of the more Interesting Portions of the Animal Creation. Dedicated by permission to the Right Hon. the Baroness Burdett-Coutts (President) and the Members of the Ladies’ Committee of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.

Specimen of the 66 Wood Engravings by Thomas Bewick in the “Parlour Menagerie.”]

From Professor OWEN, C.B., F.R.S., &c.

(Director, Natural History Dep., British Museum).

To the Editor of the Parlour Menagerie.

“The early love of Nature, especially as manifested by the Habits and Instincts of Animals to which you refer, in your own case, is so common to a healthy boy’s nature, that the Parlour Menagerie, a work so singularly full of interesting examples culled from so wide a range of Zoology, and so fully and beautifully illustrated cannot fail to be a favourite with the rising generation—and many succeeding ones—of Juvenile Naturalists. When I recall the ‘Description of 300 Animals’ (including the Cockatrice and all Pliny’s monsters) which fed my early appetite for Natural History, I can congratulate my grandchildren on being provided with so much more wholesome food through your persevering and discriminating labours.—RICHARD OWEN.”

From the Right Hon. JOHN BRIGHT, M.P.

To the Editor, Parlour Menagerie.

“I doubt not the Parlour Menagerie will prove very interesting, as indeed it has already been found to be by those of my family who have read it. I hope one of the effects of our better public education will be to create among our population a more humane disposition towards what we call the inferior animals. Much may be done by impressing on the minds of children the duty of kindness in their treatment of animals, and I hope this will not be neglected by the teachers of our schools.... I feel sure what you have done will bear good fruit.—JOHN BRIGHT.”

“The Parlour Menagerie is well named. Full as an egg of information and most agreeable reading and engravings, where before was there such a menagerie?”—Animal World.

“We have never seen a better collection of anecdotes and descriptions of animals than this, and it has the great advantage of numerous and admirable woodcuts. Pictorial illustrations form an important and valuable addition to any such collection. Those in the book before us are of remarkable excellence.... We highly commend the spirit which pervades the book, a spirit intensely alien to cruelty of every kind. On the whole, it is one of the very best of its kind, and we warrant both its usefulness and acceptability.”—Literary World.

“Mr. Hogg is, without question, a specialist in the art of catering for the literary tastes of the young.”—SHROPSHIRE GUARDIAN.

WITH EIGHT ILLUSTRATIONS ON TONED PAPER.

Second edition, small crown 8vo., 352 pp., cloth, price 3s. 6d.; gilt edges, 4s.

=Boys and their Ways: A Book for and= about Boys. By ONE WHO KNOWS THEM.

CONTENTS.

Chaps. 1. The Boy at Home.—2. The Boy at School.—3. The Boy in the Playground.—4. The Boy in his Leisure Hours.—5. Bad Boys.—6. Friendships of Boys.—7. The Boy in the Country.—8. How and What to Read.—9. Boyhood of Famous Men.—10. The Ideal Boy.

“The table of contents gives such a bill of fare as will render the boy into whose hands this book falls eager to enjoy the feast prepared for him. We venture to predict for this charming book a popularity equal to ‘Self-Help.’... No better gift could be put into a boy’s hands, and it will become a standard work for the school library.”—Scholastic World.

“Who the author of the book is, has been kept a secret, and the anonymity we regret, because the work is one with which no writer need be ashamed to identify his name and stake his reputation.”—Edinburgh Daily Review.

“It is a boy’s book of the best style.”—Aberdeen Journal.

WITH EIGHT PORTRAITS ON TONED PAPER.

Dedicated by permission to the Rt. Hon. W. E. GLADSTONE, M.P., &c.

Third edition, small crown 8vo., 384 pp., cloth, price 3s. 6d.; gilt edges, 4s.

=Plain Living and High Thinking; or=, Practical Self-Culture: Moral, Mental, and Physical. By W. H. DAVENPORT ADAMS, Author of “The Secret of Success,” etc.