Elements of Physiophilosophy is a public-domain classic of science by Lorenz Oken.
The complete text is on this page and the chapter pages below — all 6 chapters, about 211,340 words (~18 hours of reading), free to read online with no signup. Chapters include “Part Ii. Ontology 49”, “Part Iii. Biology 178”, “Part I._ Postulate.”, and more.
Short, fact-checked Wunder courses related to Elements of Physiophilosophy — free to read, no signup. Or browse every course.
A. COSMOGENY ib.
a. Rest, Centre, § 209. Motion, Line, Planets, § 215. c. Form, § 231. Planetary System, Comets.
B. STÖCHIOGENY 59
Condensation, § 253. Simple matters, Elements. a. Air § 282. b. Water, § 294. c. Earth, § 303.
C. STÖCHIOLOGY 68
Functions of the Elements. 1. Functions of the Æther, § 317. a. Gravity, § 320. b. Light, § 321. Inflexion, Refraction, Reflexion, Colours, § 354. Colours and Planets, § 379. c. Heat, § 385. 2. Function of the Air, § 410. Electrism. 3. Function of the Water, § 432. Solution. 4. Function of Earth, § 438. Crystallization.
D. KINGDOMS OF NATURE 95
Individuals, § 463.
FIRST KINGDOM--MINERALS 96
I. MINERALOGY, § 474. Division, § 490.
a. Chemical Division 103
b. Genetic Division. Classes 106
Class I. Earth-Earths Earths.
II. Water-Earths Salts.
III. Air-Earths Inflammables.
IV. Fire-Earths Ores.
Table A to face page 120
II. GEOLOGY 121
I. Form of the Planet, § 546. Primary Valleys. II. Organs of the Planet, § 570.
A. Earths 127
a. Earth Formation--Primary Rocks, § 573. Granite, Gneiss, Mica-schist, Lamination, Primary Limestone. b. Water-formation, § 622. Transition-rocks, Sedimentary or Stratified Rocks, Stratified Limestone, Petrifactions or Fossil Remains. c. Air-formation--Trap-rocks, § 681. d. Fire-formation--Volcanic Rocks, § 690.
B. Metallic Ores 148
a. Metallic Veins, § 693. b. Production of Ore, § 698. c. Poison, § 755. d. Magnetism, § 760. e. Earth-magnetism, § 771.
C. Inflammables 166
a. Sulphur, § 801. b. Coal, § 819.
D. Salts 170
a. Salt-periods, § 827. b. Chemism, § 847.
A. ORGANOSOPHY ib.
I. Organogeny. Galvanism, § 867. Primary Organism, § 882.
Creation of the Organic 184
a. Elementary Body--Protoplasma or Primary Mucus, § 898. Change. b. Form--Globe, § 926. Primary Vesicle, § 933. Infusoria, § 935. Theory of Generation, § 943. c. Processes of the Organic. 1. Earth-process--Nutrition, § 964. 2. Water-process--Digestion, § 971. 3. Air-process--Respiration, § 977. 4. Motion, § 984.
II. Organognosy 197
Division of the Organism, § 933, into Planetary and Cosmic Organism. Processes of the Cosmic Organism, § 1014. 1. Process of Gravity, § 1021. 2. Process of Heat, § 1024. 3. Process of Light, § 1027.
SECOND KINGDOM--VEGETABLE KINGDOM 204
I. PHYTOGENY, § 1038.
A. Planetary Organs--Vegetable Trunk 206
I. Tissues, § 1055. 1. Water-organ--Cellular Tissue, § 1056. 2. Earth-organ--Vascular Tissue, § 1062. 3. Air-organ--Tracheal Tissue, § 1065.
II. Anatomical Systems--Sheaths, § 1075. 1. Tracheal System--Wood, § 1077. Vascular System--Liber, § 1080. 3. Cellular System--Bark, § 1084.
III. Organs--Members, § 1086. 1. Water-organ--Root, § 1090. Earth-organ--Stalk, § 1096. 3. Air-organ--Leaves, § 1120.
B. Æther-Organs--Thyrsus or Flower 228
1. Floral Envelopes, § 1187. Involucrum, Calyx, Corolla--Numerical Law, § 1209. Coloration, § 1241. Stamen-filaments, § 1252--Anthers. 2. Pistil, § 1276. Style. 3. Seed, § 1301. 4. Fruit, § 1335. Fruit of the Flowerless Plants, § 1346.
II. PHYTO-PHYSIOLOGY 255
I. Functions of the Trunk. 1. Facts.
A. Constituent Parts. a. Inorganic Bodies--Elements, § 1364. b. Organic Bodies, § 1368.
B. Preliminary Events 259
2. Processes 262
A. Cellular Processes, § 1385. Absorption, Evaporation, Digestion.
B. Vascular Processes, § 1399. Conveyance of Sap, Mixture of Sap, Secretion.
C. Tracheal Processes, § 1411. Inspiration, Nutrition, Oxydation. Galvanic Process--Sap-motion, § 1443.
II. Functions of the Floral Organs 272
1. Function of the Corolla--Fecundation, § 1454. Irritability. 2. Function of the Ovarium, § 1473. 3. Function of the Seed. Germination, § 1476. Growth, § 1481. Fall of the Leaf.
III. PHYTOLOGY 279
Vegetable System, §§ 1508-1754.
Table B opposite to page 316
THIRD KINGDOM--ANIMAL KINGDOM 318
I. ZOOGENY 318
Anatomy 326
I. Tissues 327
1. Point-tissue--Nervous mass, § 1801. 2. Globe-tissue--Osseous mass, § 1825. 3. Line-tissue--Muscular mass, § 1835. 4. Vesicular tissue, § 1846. Integument.
II. Anatomical Systems or Sheaths 338
A. Vegetative 339
1. Intestinal System, § 1878. 2. Cutaneous System, § 1909. Branchiæ, Tracheæ. 3. Vascular System, § 1926. 4. Sexual System, § 1999.
B. Animal Systems 356
1. Nervous System, § 2018. Brain, Senses. 2. Osseous System, § 2079. Vertebral Number, § 2109. 3. Muscular System, § 2118.
III. Organs 378
A. Vegetative 378
1. Intestinal Organs, § 2158. 2. Vascular Organs, § 2194. Branchiæ, Lungs, Liver, Spleen, Kidneys. 3. Respiratory Organs, § 2246. Coverings, Hairs. 4. Sexual Organs, § 2285. Impregnation, § 2315. Urinary Organs, § 2337.
B. Animal Organs 404
1. Osseous Organs--Limbs, § 2370. 2. Muscular Organs, § 2398. 3. Nervous Organs, § 2405--Senses. 1. Vascular Sense--Sense of Feeling, § 2440. 2. Intestinal Sense--Taste, § 2454. 3. Pulmonic Sense--Smell, § 2468. 4. Osseo-Muscular Sense--Hearing, § 2476. 5. Nervous Sense--Vision, § 2488.
II. PHYSIOLOGY 423
A. General Functions 423
B. Special Functions 425
I. Functions of the Tissues, § 2539--Heat.
II. Functions of the Systems 429
A. Of the Vegetal Systems. 1. Digestion, § 2571. Poisoning. 2. Respiration, § 2639. 3. Circulation, § 2655.
B. Functions of the Animal Systems 442
1. Of the Osseous System, § 2672. 2. Of the Muscular System, § 2686. 3. Of the Nervous System, § 2700. Mesmerism, § 2721. Sleep, § 2736. Periodicity, § 2761.
III. Functions of the Organs 455
1. Functions of the Encephalic or Brain-Animal 456
A. Organs of Motion.
B. Organs of Sensation 458
1. Sense of Feeling, § 2786. Sense of Taste, § 2821. Sense of Smell, § 2835. Auditory Sense, § 2849. Speech. Sense of Sight, § 2902.
2. Functions of the Sexual Animal 477
A. Vegetal Sexual Organs--Formation of Urine, § 2934
B. Animal Sexual Organs 480
1. Male Organs, § 2946. 2. Female Parts, § 2952. Mammæ. Development of the Fruit or Foetus, § 2981. Parallelism of the Foetus with the Animal Classes, § 3034. Periods of Life, § 3502.
III. ZOOLOGY 494
A. Division into Provinces 501
B. Division into Circles 502
C. Division into Classes 511
First Province, Somatozoa (Rumpfthiere) Splanchnozoa; 511 including the three Circles of Intestinal, Vascular, and Respiratory Animals, or Protozoa, Conchozoa, and Ancyliozoa; with their contained Classes up to 568
Metamorphosis of Insects, § 3291. Parallelism, § 3299. Relationships, § 3301.
Second Province, Cephalozoa, (Kopfthiere); 544 including the two circles of Sarcose and Sense-Animals; with their contained Classes up to 568
D. Division into Orders and Families 569
Of those included within the Classes of the First Province or Splanchnozoa; with their Tabular Co-arrangement up to 614
Of those comprised by the Classes of the Second Province or Sarcozoa; with their Tabular Co-arrangement up to 653
IV. PSYCHOLOGY 654
A. Spiritual Functions of the Somato- or Dermatozoa 654
B. Spiritual Functions of the Cephalozoa 658
ERRATA AND CORRIGENDA.
Page 4, § 30, read upon the primary proposition of mathematics or the axiom.
5, § 35, for magnitudes read quantities.
8, § 39, for Manifold read Different.
11, § 49, l. 10, for elevating themselves in power, read becoming suppressed. § 50, l. 4, dele the second --.
12, l. 1, for magnitudes read quantities; l. 5, for -- read 0. § 52, for emerged read been evolved out of nothing, or been produced from it by addition; but it is, &c. § 54, for removing read suppressing.
14, § 59, l. 8, for posits itself read itself posits.
16, for presentation read passim, representation.
32, § 134, for Disintegrated read Dissevered.
32, § 137, for never read nowhere.
37, § 161, l. 7, for it read there.
38, § 164, for inventive _read passim throughout
39, l. 1, for and the axiom is read the axiom being.
44, § 195, l. 15, for that it may shine read upon which it shines.
50, § 214, last line, for darker read dark.
59, § 253, read heavy and material.
61, § 269, 1 and 2, for caloric read hydrogen, and for hydrogen read carbon.
80, § 388, for nitrogen read hydrogen.
112, l. 6, for Terpentin read Serpentin; l. 7 from bottom, for Calces read Calcareous earths.
124, § 562, for the recent read new.
139, § 633-4, for disintegrations read dispersions.
159, § 761, for metallic read magnetic.
186, § 914, for heat of blood read blood-heat.
209, § 1060, read constantly circulate therein.
213, § 1077, l. 6, for but before read and whereas; l. 7, for have read previously, and dele it has then, and read the appearance is now.
228, § 1161, read has been reproduced after trunk, and dele being.
249, § 1314, for umbilicus read hilum, and for cause read basis.
307, § 1679, instead of stipaceous read hypogynous.
308, § 1687, l. 2, read Stielblumen or Hypogynes.
320, § 1763, after light-æther read from the dead mass, &c.
327, § 1800, for substance, &c., read contents become, &c.
328-9, for Myxozoa read Protozoa, and for Medusæ read Acalephæ here and passim.
330, l. 2, after the word radiating read æther.
332, § 1824, for substance read contents, and § 1827, for substance read mass.
334, § 1837, read upon the middle rate of oxydation.
327, l. 5, transpose the words matter and spirit.
345, § 1928, read elemental matter.
346, § 1931, read at certain points, after each other.
354, § 1992, read through the medium of the gills, the water through that of the intestine, &c.
Continue reading Elements of Physiophilosophy free in the Wunder reader →
The Wunder Library · Learn anything · Home — complete public-domain books, free to read, with narration and illustrations. Elements of Physiophilosophy is in the public domain.