Appendix 231

INDEX 233

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FIG. PAGE 47. Wings of Rhamphorhynchus Frontispiece 1. Lung of the lung-fish Ceratodus 5 2. Attachment of the lower jaw in a Mammal and in a Pterodactyle 12 3. Chaldaean Dragon 15 4. Winged human figure from the Temple of Ephesus 16 5. Flying fish Exocoetus 18 6. Flying Frog 19 7. Flying Lizard (Draco) 20 8. Birds in flight 22 9. Flying Squirrel (Pteromys) 24 10. Bats, flying and walking 25 11. Skeleton of Pterodactylus longirostris 28 12. The skeleton restored 29 13. The animal form restored 30 14. Fore limbs in four types of mammals 38 15. Pneumatic foramen in Pterodactyle bone 46 16. Lungs of the bird Apteryx 48 17. Air cells in the body of an Ostrich 49 18. Lung of a Chameleon 51 19. Brain in Pterodactyle, Mammal, Bird, and Reptiles 53 20. Skull of Kingfisher and Rhamphorhynchus 63 21. Skull of Heron and Rhamphorhynchus 65 22. Palate of Macrocercus and ? Campylognathus 71 23. Lower jaw of Echidna and Ornithostoma 76 24. First two neck vertebrae of Ornithocheirus 81 25. Middle neck vertebrae of Ornithocheirus 83 26. Back vertebra of Ornithocheirus and Crocodile 86 27. Sacrum, with hip bones, of Rhamphorhynchus 88 28. Extremity of tail of Rhamphorhynchus phyllurus 91 29. Hip-girdle bones in Apteryx and Rhamphorhynchus 95 30. Pelvis with prepubic bone in Pterodactylus 96 31. Pelvis with prepubic bones in Rhamphorhynchus 97 32. Pelvis of an Alligator seen from below 98 33. Femora: Echidna, Ornithocheirus, Ursus 100 34. Tibia and fibula: Dimorphodon and Vulture 102 35. Metatarsus and digits in three Pterodactyles 104 36. Sternum in Cormorant and Rhamphorhynchus 108 37. Sternum in Ornithocheirus 109 38. Shoulder-girdle bones in a bird and three Pterodactyles 113 39. The Notarium from the back of Ornithocheirus 115 40. The shoulder-girdle of Ornithocheirus 115 41. Humerus of Pigeon and Ornithocheirus 119 42. Fore-arm of Golden Eagle and Dimorphodon 120 43. Wrist bones of Ornithocheirus 124 44. Clawed digits of the hand in two Pterodactyles 125 45. Claw from the hand of Ornithocheirus 129 46. The hand in Archaeopteryx and the Ostrich 130 48. Slab of Lias with bones of Dimorphodon To face page 143 49. Dimorphodon (restored form) at rest 144 50. Dimorphodon (restored form of the animal) To face page 145 51. Dimorphodon skeleton, walking as a quadruped " " 146 52. Dimorphodon skeleton as a biped " " 147 53. Lower jaw of Dorygnathus 149 54. Dimorphodon (wing membranes spread for flight) To face page 150 55. Pelvis of Dimorphodon 151 56. Rhamphorhynchus skeleton (restored) 161 57. Scaphognathus (restoration of 1875) 163 58. Six restorations of Ornithosaurs 164 59. Ptenodracon skeleton (restored) 167 60. Cycnorhamphus suevicus slab with bones To face page 168 61. Cycnorhamphus suevicus (form of the animal) To face page 169 62. Cycnorhamphus suevicus skeleton (restored) 170 63. Cycnorhamphus Fraasi (restored skeleton form of the animal) To face page 170 64. Cycnorhamphus Fraasi (restoration of the form of the body) To face page 171 65. Neck vertebra of Doratorhynchus from the Purbeck 173 66. Neck bone of Ornithodesmus from the Wealden 173 67. Sternum of Ornithodesmus, seen from the front 175 68. Sternum of Ornithodesmus, side view, showing the keel 175 69. Diagram of known parts of skull of Ornithocheirus 177 70. Neck bone of Ornithocheirus 179 71. Jaws of Ornithocheirus from the Chalk 180 72. Palate of the English Toothless Pterodactyle 181 73. Two views of the skull of Ornithostoma (Pteranodon) 182 74. Skeleton of Ornithostoma 183 75. Comparison of six skulls of Ornithosaurs 192 76. Pelvis of Ornithostoma 195 77. Skull of Anchisaurus and Dimorphodon 199 78. Skull of Ornithosuchus and Dimorphodon 201 79. The pelvis in Ornithosaur and Dinosaur 204 80. The prepubic bones in Dimorphodon and Iguanodon 206

These figures are greatly reduced in size, and when two or more bones are shown in the same figure all are brought to the same size to facilitate the comparison.

DRAGONS OF THE AIR