Part 54

Fénelon, standard of morality in his Telemachus, ii. 115-117. The book not immoral, iii. 54.

Ferdinand VII., resemblance between him and Charles I. of England, ii. 55.

Feudal nobles, unimportant in Italy, i. 146.

Fielding, Henry, his description of Partridge at the play, quoted, i. 196.

Finch, Lord Keeper, a humble tool of Charles I., ii. 26. His impeachment and flight to Holland, 37.

Fine arts, the, their decline in England after the civil war, ii. 199. Government should promote them, 660.

Florence, its commercial preëminence, i. 148. Its superiority of learning, 151. Military reform in, 173. Return of the Medici to, 174. Machiavelli's History of, 184. Last struggle for liberty of, 185.

Foote, Charles, his stage character of an Anglo-Indian grandee, ii. 747

Forde, Colonel, ii. 724, 727.

Fox, Henry (afterwards Lord Holland), his personality, ii. 258. Accepts office, 264. Relations with Newcastle, 261-267. Directed to form an administration in concert with Chatham, 268. Early history and career, iii. 104. Made paymaster by Chatham, 601. Continued by Bute, 623. Employed by Bute to carry the Commons, 628. Methods used, 631. Made a peer, 637.

Fox, Charles James, son of the above, his success as a debater, ii. 249. Comparison of his History of James II. with Mackintosh's History of the Revolution, 284. His style, 285, 286. Characteristic of his oratory, 287. Championship of arbitrary measures and defiance of public opinion, iii. 106. Change in his attitude after his father's death, 107. Brings forward the Benares charge against Hastings, 216. Speaks on the course of proceedings, 228.

France, from Louis XIV. to the Revolution, ii. 118-122. Condition in 1712 and 1832, 180. At the restoration of Louis XVIII., 311. Austerity in, under Louis XIV., produces the immorality of the regency, iii. 59. Turns to Prussia for help against England, 267. Drawn into the combination against Frederic the Great, 295. Makes peace, 328. Assemblies in, in 1791, 505. Constitution of 1791 fails, 503. Cause of its failure, 509. Convention of 1792, 510. Justice of the abolition of the monarchy, 511. Execution of the king, 516. Reign of Terror in, 533. End of the Terror, 559. Under Constitution of 1795, 565. Under the Consulate, 568. Return of the Bourbons to, 581. Effect of the Terror upon, 584.

Francis, Philip, made Councillor for India, iii. 144. Probably wrote the Junius letters, 145. Opposes Hastings, 148. Accepts Nuncomar's testimony against him, 150. Partially reconciled to Hastings, 168. Objects to the arrangement with Impey, 173. Challenges and is wounded by Hastings, 174. Returns to England, 178. Attacks Hastings in the House of Commons, 209. Proposed as a manager of Hastings's impeachment, 221.

Franks, rapid decline of the, after the death of Charlemagne, ii. 680.

Frederic the Great, essay on, iii. 243-330. Birth, 247. Treatment by his father, 248. Tastes, 250. Acquaintance with Voltaire, 254. Character as a king, 256. Decides to seize Silesia, 259. Invades it, 261. Conduct at Molwitz, 263. Makes peace with Austria, 267. Joins France against England and Austria, 268. His attention to the details of administration, 271. Aggrandizement of the army, 273. Parsimony, 274. Liberality and justice, 275. Commercial policy, 277. His associates, 279. His spite, 281. Invites Voltaire to Berlin, 286. Quarrels with him, 290. European combination against, 294. Personal dislike of, among sovereigns, 298. His great danger, 299. Alliance with England, 302. Invades Saxony, 304. And Bohemia, 305. Driven back at Kolin, 307. Extreme distress of, 308. Further communication with Voltaire, 309. Wins the battle of Rosbach, 313. Of Leuthen, 314. Tendency of Rosbach to unify Germany behind him, 316. Worsts the Russians at Zorndorf, 318. Attacked by the Pope, 322. Beaten at Kunersdorf, 323. Conquers at Lignitz and Torgau, 325. Political changes to his advantage, 326. Obtains peace, 328.

Frederic the Second, the Emperor, his qualities, i. 7.

Frederic William, Great Elector of Brandenburg, iii. 244.

Frederic William of Prussia, iii. 245. Military establishment, 246. Conduct to his children, 247. Dies, 255.

Froissart quoted, ii. 7.

Fuller, on Lord Burleigh, ii. 66, 67.

Galway, Earl of, commander of the allies in Spain, ii. 158, 166, 171. Defeated at Almanza, 172.

Ganges, the chief highway of Eastern commerce, ii. 700, 701.

Gentleman Dancing-Master, Wycherley's, iii. 69.

George I., transformation of English parties under, iii. 593. His position at the beginning of his reign, 602, 603.

George II., his resentment against Chatham, ii. 255. Compelled to accept him, 256. His efforts for the protection of Hanover, 263, 264. His relations with his ministers, 273-275. Mixture of parties under, iii. 595. Growth in popularity toward the close of his reign, 603.

George III., partial to Clive, ii. 756. Sentiment of loyalty toward, at his accession, iii. 604. Education, 606. His speech not agreeable to the ministry, 611. Dream of freedom on the accession of Bute, 622. Determines never to submit to the Whigs, 633. Harassed by Grenville, turns to Pitt, 640. Resentment toward Grenville over the Regency Bill, 648. Sends Cumberland to Pitt, 649. Lectured by Grenville and Bedford, 652. Makes Rockingham First Lord of the Treasury, 655. Supported by the politicians called the king's friends, 660. Tries to win Pitt over, 666.

Gibbon, Edward, why accused of being a Mohammedan, i. 697 and note. A successful historian, ii. 284.

Gibraltar, capture of, by Sir George Rooke, ii. 158.