Part 13

Man appeared during the last one-fiftieth of an inch on our yardstick of time gone by. In this short span he has had more impact on the earth and its inhabitants than any other form of life. Will he use wisely the lessons of the past as a guide while he writes his record on the yardstick of the future?

APPENDIX

Acknowledgements

This booklet could not have been prepared without the cooperation and assistance of many individuals and organizations. We are indebted to the National Park Service for the use of facilities, equipment, and photographs, and for the enthusiasm and interest of all of the park staff. We especially appreciate the cooperation, advice, and assistance rendered by the late Fred C. Fagergren, former superintendent of Grand Teton National Park; Willard E. Dilley, former chief park naturalist; and R. Alan Mebane, former assistant chief park naturalist.

Profs. Charles C. Bradley and John Montagne of Montana State University and Bruno J. Giletti of Brown University generously provided us with unpublished data. Cooperators during the years of background research were the late Dr. H. D. Thomas, State Geologist of Wyoming, and Dr. D. L. Blackstone, Jr., Chairman, Department of Geology, University of Wyoming.

Helpful suggestions were made by many of our colleagues with the U. S. Geological Survey; S. S. Oriel, in particular, gave unstintingly of his time and talents in the review and revision of an early version of the manuscript. A later version had the further benefit of critical review by three other people, all experienced in presenting various types of scientific data to public groups: John M. Good, former chief park naturalist of Yellowstone National Park; Bryan Harry, former assistant chief park naturalist of Grand Teton National Park; and Richard Klinck, “1965 National Teacher of the Year.”

We are indebted to Ann C. Christiansen, Geologic Map Editor, for advice and guidance on the illustrations and to R. C. Fuhrmann and his staff for preparation of many of the line drawings. Block diagrams and photo artwork were prepared by J. R. Stacy and R. A. Reilly. All photographs without specific credit lines are by the authors. From the beginning of the Teton field study to editing and proofing of the final manuscript, our wives, Jane M. Love and Linda H. Reed, have been enthusiastic and indispensable participants.

Selected references—if you wish to read further

Blackwelder, Eliot, 1915, Post-Cretaceous history of the mountains of central western Wyoming: Jour. Geology, v. 23, p. 97-117, 193-217, 307-340. Bradley, F. H., 1873, Report on the geology of the Snake River district: U.S. Geol. Survey Terr. 6th Ann. Rept. (Hayden), p. 190-271. Edmund, R. W., 1951, Structural geology and physiography of the northern end of the Teton Range, Wyoming: Augustana Library Pub. 23, 82 p. Fryxell, F. M., 1930, Glacial features of Jackson Hole, Wyoming: Augustana Library Pub. 13, 129 p. ——, 1938, The Tetons, interpretations of a mountain landscape: Univ. California Press, Berkeley, Calif., 77 p. Hague, Arnold, 1904, Atlas to accompany U.S. Geol. Survey Monograph 32 on the geology of Yellowstone National Park. ——, Iddings, J. P., Weed, W. H., and others, 1899, Geology of the Yellowstone National Park: U.S. Geol. Survey Monograph 32, Pt. 2, 893 p. Harry, Bryan, 1963, Teton trails, a guide to the trails of Grand Teton National Park: Grand Teton Natural History Association, Moose, Wyo., 56 p. Horberg, Leland, 1938, The structural geology and physiography of the Teton Pass area, Wyoming: Augustana Library Pub. 16, 86 p. Hurley, P. M., 1959, How old is the earth?: Anchor Books, Garden City, N. Y., 160 p. Ortenburger, Leigh, 1965, A climber’s guide to the Teton Range: Sierra Club, San Francisco, 336 p. St. John, O. H., 1883, Report on the geology of the Wind River district: U.S. Geol. Geog. Survey Terr. 12th Ann. Rept. (Hayden), Pt. 1, p. 173-270. Wyoming Geological Association, 1956, Guidebook, 11th annual field conf., Jackson Hole, Wyoming, 1956, Casper, Wyo., 256 p., incl. sketch maps, diagrams, tables, and illus., also geol. map, sections, and charts. Composed of a series of individual papers by various authors.

About the authors

J. D. Love, a native of Wyoming, received his bachelor and master of arts degrees from the University of Wyoming and his doctor of philosophy degree from Yale University. His first field season in the Teton country, in 1933, was financed by the Geological Survey of Wyoming. After 12 years of geologic work ranging from New England to Utah and Michigan to Mississippi, he returned to the Teton region. Beginning in 1945, he spent parts or all of 20 field seasons in and near the Tetons. He compiled the first geologic map of Teton County. He is the senior author of the geologic map of Wyoming, and author or co-author of more than 70 other published maps and papers on the geology of Wyoming. In 1961, the University of Wyoming awarded him an honorary doctor of laws degree for his work on uranium deposits that “led to the development of the uranium industry in Wyoming.” The Wyoming Geological Association made him an honorary life member and gave him a special award for his geologic studies of the Teton area. He is a Fellow of the Geological Society of America and is active in various other geological organizations, as well as having been president of the Wyoming Chapters of Sigma Xi (scientific honorary) and Phi Beta Kappa (scholastic honorary) societies.

John C. Reed, Jr., joined the U.S. Geological Survey in 1953 after receiving his doctor of philosophy degree from the John Hopkins University. His principal geologic work before coming to the Teton region was in Alaska and in the southern Appalachians. Beginning in 1961, he spent five field seasons studying and mapping the Precambrian rocks in Grand Teton National Park, including all the high peaks in the Teton Range. He is a noted mountaineer, a Fellow of the Geological Society of America, a member of the Arctic Institute of North America, and the American Alpine Club. His numerous publications, in addition to those on the Tetons, describe the geology of mountainous areas in Alaska, the Appalachians, and Utah.

Index of selected terms and features

Term Defined or described on page

A amphibolite 51 anticlines 85

B badlands 14 bentonite 81 biotite 51 brachiopods 70 Buffalo Glaciation 106 Bull Lake Glaciation 108 Burned Ridge moraine 111 buttes 18

C Carbon-14 48 carnivores 95 chlorite 56 cirque 30 climatic optimum 112 Cordilleran trough 69

D diabase 59 dikes 56 dipping 39 dolomite 75

E “edgewise” conglomerate 73 epochs 46 eras 46 erosion 27 erratics 31 extrusive igneous rocks 46

F fault 9 fault block mountain range 37 fault scarps 37 formations 66 frost wedging 25

G geologic 10 glacial striae 30 gradients 28 Grand Valley Lake 95 granite 55 granite gneiss 54 groups 47 gypsum 79

H herbivores 95 Hoback normal fault 103 hole 8 hornblende 51

I Ice Age 105 igneous rocks 46 intrusive igneous rocks 46

J Jackson Hole 8 jade 55

K kettle 31

L Laramide Revolution 82 lateral moraine 30 layered gneisses 51 Little Ice Age 112 loess 108

M magma 60 magnetite 52 marine sedimentary rocks 21 metamorphic rocks 53 muscovite 55

N normal fault 39 nunatak 111