Chapter Xii.--Methods and Cost of Constructing Bridge

PIERS AND ABUTMENTS 230

Introduction--Rectangular Pier for a Railway Bridge--Backing for Bridge Piers and Abutments--Pneumatic Caissons, Williamsburg Bridge--Filling Pier Cylinders--Piers, Calf Killer River Bridge--Constructing 21 Bridge Piers--Permanent Way Structures, Kansas City Outer Belt & Electric Ry.--Plate Girder Bridge Abutments--Abutments and Piers, Lonesome Valley Viaduct--Hand Mixing and Wheelbarrow Work for Bridge Piers.