Part 2

Leaves: Evergreen needles occur singly, spirally arranged on twigs but appear 2-ranked; flattened, about ½″ long; dark green, glossy and often grooved above: light green with 2 white lines below.

Twigs: Slender, rough, yellowish brown to grayish brown. Buds egg-shaped, ¹/₁₆″ long, reddish brown.

Fruit: A cone, ¾″ long, egg-shaped; hangs singly from the tips of the twigs; usually remains attached all winter after ripening in the fall. Under each rounded scale are 2 small winged seeds.

General: Bark on young trees flaky, thick and roughly grooved when old, grayish brown to reddish brown; used in tanning; inner bark cinnamon-red. A large tree, long-lived; shade-enduring. Wood is important for construction lumber.

The Eastern Hemlock is the official State Tree of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

Leaves: Evergreen needles in clusters of 5, soft, flexible, 3-sided, 2½″-5″ long, bluish green in appearance due to whitish lines. This is the only 5-needle pine native to Pennsylvania.

Twigs: Slender, flexible, with rusty hairs when young, finally smooth. Buds egg-shaped, usually less than ½″ long; gray-brown.

Fruit: A cone, 5″-8″ long, about 1″ thick, no prickles, stalked, drooping, slightly curved, resinous, remains attached for one to several months after ripening in autumn of second season. Each scale usually bears 2 winged seeds which is characteristic of all native pines.

General: Bark on young trees and branches greenish brown and smooth, later darker, grooved and scaly. Produces one whorl of about 3 to 7 side branches each year, a feature which is useful in estimating age. A large and very important timber tree. Wood probably has more uses than that of any other species.

Leaves: Evergreen needles in clusters of 3, stiff, 2½″-5″ long, yellowish green.

Twigs: Stout, brittle, rough, angled in cross-section, golden-brown. Buds egg-shaped, about ½″ long, resinous, red-brown.

Fruit: A cone, 1½″-3½″ long with short stiff prickles, nearly stalkless, often remains attached for 5 years or more after ripening.

General: Thick, rough, grayish brown bark on older trees. A medium-sized tree. Common on poor, sandy soils and areas where forest fires have killed most other trees. Wood used chiefly for railroad ties, mine props, construction lumber, posts and fuel.

Leaves: Evergreen needles in clusters of 2, twisted, stout, relatively short (1½″-3″ long), not numerous on twigs.

Twigs: Slender, curved, flexible, brown to purple with bluish white coating. Buds egg-shaped, usually less than ½″ long, brown, resinous.

Fruit: A cone, 2″-3″ long, prickles small but sharp, edge of scales with darker bands; usually without a stalk; remains attached for 3 or 4 years.

General: Smooth, thin, reddish brown, scaly bark. A small tree; able to grow on poor, dry soils. Common on abandoned farm lands where shale soils predominate. Usually grows in dense pure stands. Often called scrub pine. Wood used chiefly for paper pulp, fuel and mine props.

Leaves: Evergreen needles in clusters of 2, slender, 4″-6″ long, dark green, borne in dense tufts at the ends of branchlets; snap easily when bent double.

Twigs: Stout, ridged, yellow-brown to red-brown. Buds egg-shaped, about ½″ long, brown at first and later silvery.

Fruit: A cone, about 2″ long, without prickles, nearly stalkless, remains attached until the following year.

General: Comparatively smooth, reddish brown bark. Like white pine, it develops one horizontal whorl of side branches each year. A medium to large-sized tree. Valuable timber tree in the northern part of the State; wood used chiefly for construction lumber.

Leaves: Evergreen needles occur singly, spirally arranged on twigs, sharp-pointed, four-sided, usually ¾″ long, dark green.

Twigs: Bright, golden-brown. Buds egg-shaped, darker than twigs.

Fruit: A cylindrical cone, 4″-7″ long, light brown; scales with finely toothed margin, broader than long.

General: Bark relatively thin, reddish brown, scaly, becoming gray-brown but seldom furrowed on old trees. Branchlets on older trees droop. A large tree with a dense, conical crown. A European species that has become a valuable naturalized member of our forests, and extensively planted as an ornamental. Wood used chiefly for paper pulp, boxes, crates and lumber.

Leaves: Evergreen needles occur singly, spirally arranged on twigs, stiff, four-sided, usually ½″ long, dark green; less sharp than Norway spruce.

Twigs: Orange-brown with very fine hairs. Buds egg-shaped, about ⅓″ long, red-brown.

Fruit: A cone, 2″ or less in length, reddish brown, remains attached for one to several months after ripening in the fall.