Part 5

R. radicans is an extremely variable species.

Basswood, a lumber trade name.

LIST OF SPECIES NAMES IN COMMON USE AND THEIR ENGLISH MEANING

acaulis stemless acicularis needle-like acuminatus long-pointed, tapering aestivalis summer affinis related to agrostoides similar to agrostis airoides sky-blue alatus winged alba white albidus, albus white alopecuroides foxtail alternifolius alternate-leaved altissimus very tall amabilis lovely amplexicaulis clasping the stem anceps two-headed or edged angustifolius narrow-leaved apiculatus tipped with a point annua yearly arachnifera spiderwebby arborescens tree-like arenarius of sandy places arenicola sand inhabitant argenteus silvery argillaceus of clay or clay-colored argutus sharp-toothed arida dry aridus arid aristatus bearded arundinacea reed-bearing arundinaceous reed-like arvensis of cultivated fields asper rough asperifolia rough leaves atropurpureus dark-purple atrovirens dark-green aureus golden australis southern azureus sky-blue baccatus berried barbatus barbed, bearded barbinodis barbed at nodes barbulatum bearded basirmea branches low; toward bottom bicolor two-colored bidentata two-toothed bifidum two-forked bifidus twice-cut biflorus two-flowered borealis northern brachystachy short-spiked bulbifera bulb-bearing caeruleus sky-blue, dark-blue campanularia bell-flowered campestris of the fields or plains candidus white, shining canescens gray-hairy capillaris hair-like capitatus headed carinatus keeled catharticus cathartic caudatus tailed cernuus drooping chloranthus green-flowered ciliatifolium hairy leaves cilianensis hairy ciliaris, ciliatus fringed cinereus ash-colored circulare round clandestinus concealed coccineus scarled colonum cultivated comatus with hair communis gregarious commutatus changing comosus long-haired compressa compressed compressus compressed confertus crowded confusus confused, uncertain contortus contorted contracta narrowed cordatus heart-shaped corniculatus horned crassifolius thick-leaved cristatus crested crus-galli cockspur cryptandrus hidden stamens cucullata hooded pedicel cuneatus wedge-shaped curtipedicellata short pedicel curtipendula short pendula cuspidata sharp, pointed dactyloides finger-shaped dactylon finger debilis weak decumbens reclining deflexus bent downward deltoides triangular depauperatum stunted dichotoma forked in pairs dichotomiflorum flowering in twos diffusa loosely branching dilatatum dilated, expanded discolor different colors distichum 2-rank; leaves or flowers in rank on opposites sides of stem divaricata spreading, widely divergent donax reed or cane dubia doubtful dulcis sweet dumosus bushy echinatus prickly edulis edible elatior taller elatus tall elongata lengthened erectum upright eriopoda having hairs at base esculentus edible everta expelled, turned out extensa spread out or stretched out falcatus sickle-shaped fasciculatus fascicled filiformis long, very slender, thread-like fistulosis hollow, cylindrical flabellatus fan-like parts flavescens yellowish flavus yellow flexilis pliant flexuosa alternately bent in different directions floridanum flowering or from Florida fragilis brittle, fragile fragrans fragrant, odorous frondosus leafy frutescens shrubby, bushy furcatus forked geminatum double geniculata bent more or less like a knee geniculatus jointed glaber smooth glabriflorus smooth flower glomerata dense or compact cluster or clusters gracilis slender gramineus grassy hastatus spear-shaped heterolepsis heterogeneous scales heterophyllus various-leaved; with leaves of more than one shape hiomalis pertaining to winter hians spread out hirsuta bristly or prickly hirta hairy hispidus bristly hortensis of or belonging to a garden humilis dwarf hyemalis of winter hystrix bristly incanus hoary indentata toothed, indented indurata hardened inermis unarmed intermedium intermediate interruptis not continuous, irregular jubatum crested, with a mane junceus rush-like labiatus lipped laeve left hand laevigatus smooth laevis smooth lanatus wooly lanosa wooly lanuginosum wooly, downy lanuginosus wooly lasiocarpus rough- or wooly-fruited latifolia broad leaf latiglumis wide glumes laxa loose leucanthus white-flowered leucotricha white hairs linearifolum long, slender leaves longispica long-spiked longpipes long-footed lutescens yellowish or becoming yellow macranthus large-flowered macrocarpus large fruits macrophyllus large-leaved macrus large maculatus spotted malacophyllum soft leaves maritimus of the sea micranthus small-flowered microcarpon small-fruited miliaceum pertaining to millet mirabilis wonderful mollis soft monspeliensis lives in caves and mountains montanus of mountains multiflorum many-flowered muralis of walls murinum mouse-colored mutabile changeable mutabilis variable mutica curtailed nanus dwarf natans floating neglectus overlooked nemoralis of groves or woods nitens shining nudicaulis naked-stemmed nutans nodding obtusata blunt, rounded obtusum blunted, dull occidentale western octoflora 8-flowered officinalis official olignathus few-flowered orientalis eastern ornatus adorned ovinus of sheep palustris marsh-loving paniculatus in panicles parviflora small-flowered parvifolius small-leaved patens spreading patula spreading pauciflorus few-flowered pectinatus comb-like perennans perennial phleoides resembling timothy pilifera bearing hairs pilosa with long hairs polyanthes many-flowered polyanthus many-flowered pracocius aggressive pratense of meadows pubens downy pubescens downy, covered with soft hairs pubiflorum downy-flowered pulchellus pretty, beautiful pumila dwarf pumilus dwarf purpurascens purplish purpurea purple pusillum very small ramosissima many-branched ramosus branched repens creeping reptans creeping retroflexus reflaxed regodoseta stiff bristles robustus robust, stout rupestris rock-loving rostratus rostrate, beaked rugosa wrinkled saccharinus saccharine saccaroides sweet; like sugar salinus salty sanguilalis blood-colored sanguineus blood-red sativa cultivated sativus cultivated scandens climbing sciurea resembling squirrel’s tail scoparius broom-like secundiflora one-sided septentrionalis northern sericea silken serotinus late-flowering sessilispicata without pedicel setaceus bristle-like sobolifera bearing creeping, rooting stems or shoots speciosus showy, good-looking spectabilis spectacular, worth seeing sphaerocarpon round-fruited squarrosa with parts spreading or recurved at ends sterilis sterile, infertile stramineum straw-colored strictus strict, upright, erect tectorum of roofs, or houses temulentum drunken tenarum slender, tender, soft tenarius slender tener slender tenuiflora slender flowers tenuis slender, thin tinctorius of dyes tomentosus densely wooly trichodes pilose tridens with 3 teeth trifidus three-parted trunicata blunt uncinatus hooked vaginaeflorus flowers in sheath vaginatus sheathed vernalis vernal vernis of spring versuta versatile verticellata in whorls villosa hairy villosissimum hairy villosus hairy virens green viridis green virgatus twiggy vulgaris common

Transcriber’s Note:

Words and phrases in italics are surrounded by underscores, like this. Those in bold are surrounded by equal signs, =like this=. Footnotes were renumbered sequentially and were moved to the end of the section in which the anchor occurs. Footnotes , , , , , and have multiple anchors. Obvious printing errors, such as backwards, upside down, or partially printed letters and punctuation, were corrected. Letters in reversed order and several italics mark-ups were corrected. Final stops missing at the end of abbreviations were added.

Words may have multiple spelling variations or inconsistent hyphenation in the text. These have been left unchanged unless indicated below. Obsolete and alternative spellings were left unchanged. Misspelled words were not corrected. In the lists of common names, names are often run together, as in climbingmilkweed and rattlesnakefern; these were not changed.

The following was changed: “small-loaved” to “small-leaved.”