Coloured Engravings of Heaths

Part 1

COLOURED

ENGRAVINGS

HEATHS.

Coloured Engravings

HEATHS.

THE

DRAWINGS

TAKEN FROM

LIVING PLANTS ONLY.

WITH

THE APPROPRIATE SPECIFIC CHARACTER, FULL DESCRIPTION, NATIVE PLACE OF GROWTH, AND TIME OF FLOWERING OF EACH;

In Latin and English.

EACH FIGURE ACCOMPANIED BY ACCURATE DISSECTIONS OF THE SEVERAL PARTS, (MAGNIFIED WHERE NECESSARY,) UPON WHICH THE SPECIFIC DISTINCTION HAS BEEN FOUNDED,

ACCORDING TO THE

LINNÆAN SYSTEM.

THE WHOLE EXECUTED

By H. C. ANDREWS,

BOTANICAL PAINTER, ENGRAVER, &C.

VOL. I.

LONDON:

PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, NO. 5, KNIGHTSBRIDGE.

Printed by T. Bensley, Bolt Court, Fleet Street.

1802.

ADDRESS.

In his endeavours to illustrate this brilliant and extended tribe of plants, the author thinks it necessary to premise, by way of deprecating the opinion of the Public on this part of his labours; that, as all his drawings are taken from cultivated plants, some of them may thence appear less picturesque, than if he indulged his fancy in their design; or more fortunately, have enjoyed the opportunity of copying them on the soil where nature has placed them indigenous: But, as the latter never was within his power; he would rather stand convicted of apparent want of taste, in the execution of a work where ornament should give way to science, than be taxed with having varied from a just representation of the plant, as it must meet the eye of the British Botanist. Numerous and beautiful as are the specimens of this Genus, in the splendid herbariums of Sir J. Banks, Bart. P. R. S. &c.; G. Hibbert, Esq.; A. B. Lambert, Esq. &c. &c.; yet, as the dried plant exhibits so very different an appearance, from the living one, in every character necessary for a perfect drawing, but particularly in the blossoms; no advantage can be taken, to ornament, or add to, the present undertaking, from them; unless, by comparison, to determine some species, which have been described by those Botanists who have named them at the Cape of Good Hope. Since, therefore, the original intent of this work, was, (and in its progress we have found no reason to alter the plan,) to give figures of those species of Heaths, only, which are actually cultivated in the different collections of this country: so, whatever may be imputed to want of freedom in the pencil of the artist, it is hoped, will be covered by this reflection; that he has invariably copied nature, though in a formal dress, without assuming the general licence of the painter. In pursuing the Botanical part of the work, he has endeavoured to give the specific names which are in general use in Britain, where the plant is commonly known in our gardens, in preference to any, published by either foreign or English Botanists which have not that character. Where the plant is new with us, but has a published, and received name among Botanists, he has invariably adopted it; but where none could be traced, to the best of his judgment, he has given it, then only, an appropriate title. A few alterations from the original plan, arising from the inundation of new species since the commencement of the work, it will be necessary briefly to state. He had at first arranged the whole of the Genus, then known, from the method given by Linnæus, under two general heads, Bearded and Beardless tips; but, from the numbers now in our possession, which cannot, with any propriety, be placed under either head, he has been induced to alter it; and has formed them, under five of the most ostensible, and general characters of the same parts. Thus, 1st, bearded, where the tips are simple, and awned at the base; 2d, crested when the tips are terminated by a curved like feather; 3d, two-horned, when the termination of the tip is thrown inward, and the parts quite smooth; 4th, beardless, where no protuberant part is seen, the tips of an oblong-form, and fixed by their backs to the threads; 5th, pencilled, where no apparent division, but from colour, is perceiveable in the Chives, which protrude considerably beyond the blossom. For the accommodation of those who wish to know what Synonims are attached to our figures, a statement is given, of those most worthy notice; under the names of the various authors from whence they are collated. These we have confined to six of the most modern; from whose works, if farther research may be thought necessary, a longer list may be obtained. As it is but bare justice to make acknowledgment for favours received; what remains for the author is to mention with gratitude, at least, the persons, from whose kind indulgence in the free use of their collections, he has chiefly drawn his resources.

G. HIBBERT, Esq. Clapham Common, Surrey. The Honourable Marquis of BLANDFORD, White Knights, Berkshire. Messrs. LEE and KENNEDY, Nurserymen, Hammersmith, Middlesex. The late Lady ARCHER, Ham Common, Surrey. The Honourable WILLIAM HENRY IRBY, Farnham Royal, Berks. The late J. ROBERTSON, Stockwell, Surrey. J. VERE, Esq. Kensington Gore, Middlesex.

ERICA.

CLASSIS VIII. ORDO I.

Part 2

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

CHARACTER GENERICUS.

CALYX. Perianthium tetraphyllum; foliolis ovato-oblongis, persistentibus.

COROLLA monopetala, campanulata, quadrifida, sæpé ventricosa.

STAMINA. Filamenta octo, capillaria, receptaculo inserta. Antheræ apice bifidæ.

PISTILLUM. Germen subrotundum, superum. Stylus filiformis, erectus, staminibus longior. Stigma coronulatum, tetragonum, quadrifidum.

PERICARPIUM. Capsula subrotunda, calyce minor, tecta, quadrilocularis, quadrivalvis; dissepimentis cum futuris coeuntibus.

SEMINA numerosa, minima.

Obs. Dantur species calyee duplice.

Figura Corollæ ex ovata, tubulosa, ventricosa, et oblonga, in diversis varia est.

Antheræ in aliis emarginatæ, in aliis bicornutæ, cristatæ, aristatæ, muticæ, vel penicillatæ; inclusa vel exsertæ.

ESSENTIALIS CHARACTER.

Calyx tetraphyllus. Corolla quadrifida.

Filamenta receptaculo inserta.

Antheræ bifidæ. Capsula quadri-locularis. Dissepimenta valvularum margine.

HEATH.

CLASS VIII. ORDER I.

Eight Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

EMPALEMENT. Cup four-leaved; leaflets between egg-shaped and oblong, remaining.

BLOSSOM one petal, bell-shaped, four-cleft, often bellied.

CHIVES. Threads eight, hair-like, inserted into the receptacle. Tips two-cleft at the end.

POINTAL. Seed-bud roundish, above. Shaft thread-shaped, upright, longer than the chives. Summit crowned, four-cornered, four-cleft.

SEED-VESSEL. Capsule roundish, less than the cup, covered, four-celled, four-valved; partitions meeting with the sutures.

SEEDS numerous, very small.

Obs. There are some species with a double cup.

The figure of the blossom as to egg-shape, tubular, bellied and oblong, differs in different species.

The Tips in some are notched at the end, in others two-horned, crested, bearded, beardless, or pencilled; within the blossom, or without.

Part 3

ESSENTIAL CHARACTER.

Cup four-leaved. Blossom four-cleft.

Threads inserted into the receptacle.

Tips two-cleft. Capsule four-celled. Partitions from the edge of the valves.

ERICA aitonia.

CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

ERICA, antheris basis bicornibus, inclusis; corollis longissimis, viscosis, sulcatis, sesquipollicaribus, laciniis maximis, cordatis; foliis ternis.

DESCRIPTIO.

CAULIS, rami, ramulique filiformes, flexibiles; rami simplices, longi.

FOLIA terna, apice patentia, serrata, acuminata, crassa, subtus sulcata.

FLORES terminales, umbellati, terni, erecti, pedunculi longissimi, purpurei, bracteis tribus, coloratis, instructi.

CALYX. Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis spathulatis, crassis, viscosis, apicibus obtusis, extra concavis.

COROLLA sesquipollicaris, sulcata, linearia, summa inflata, ore arctata; laciniis cordatis, maximis, expansis; extra dilute carnea, intus albida.

STAMINA. Filamenta octo capillaria, torta; antheræ basi bicornes, apice cornutæ, inclusæ.

PISTILLUM. Germen oblongum, sulcatum; stylus rectus, filiformis exsertus, purpureus; stigma tetragonum.

Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.

Floret a mense Julii, in Octobrem.

REFERENTIA.

1. Calyx, et Corolla.

2. Calyx lente auctus.

3. Stamina, et Pistillum.

4. Stamina a Pistillo diducta, anthera una lente aucta.

5. Stylus, et Stigma, lente aucta.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

HEATH, whose tips have two horns at their base, and within the blossoms, which are extremely long, clammy, furrowed, of an inch and a half in length, the segments large, and heart-shaped; the leaves grow by fours.

DESCRIPTION.

The STEM, as well as the larger and smaller branches, are thread-shaped, and supple; the branches are simple, and long.

The LEAVES grow by threes, spreading out at the end, sawed, sharp-pointed, thick and furrowed underneath.

Part 4

The FLOWERS grow at the summit of the branches, three in a bunch, and upright; the foot-stalks are very long, and purple, having three coloured floral leaves.

EMPALEMENT. Cup four-leaved, which are spathula-shaped, thick, clammy, blunt at their ends, and hollow, without.

The BLOSSOM is an inch and a half long, channelled, and linear, swelled at the end, and narrowed at the mouth; the segments of the border are very large, and expanded; of a light flesh colour on the outside, white within.

CHIVES. Eight hair-like threads twirled; tips two horned at their base, the points horned, and within the blossom.

POINTAL. Seed-vessel oblong, and furrowed; the shaft straight, thread-shaped, purple, and without the blossom; summit four-cornered.

Native of the Cape of Good Hope.

Flowers from July, till October.

REFERENCE.

1. The Empalement, and Blossom.

2. The Empalement magnified.

3. The Chives, and Pointal.

4. The Chives detached from the Pointal; one tip magnified.

5. The Shaft, and its Summit, magnified.

ERICA albens.

CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

ERICA, antheris muticis, inclusis; corollis ventricosis, axillaribus, solitariis, sub-albidis; foliis ternis, trigonis.

DESCRIPTIO.

CAULIS fruticosus, pedalis, erectus, ramosus, gracilis; rami simplices.

FOLIA terna, trigona, linearia, acuta, glabra, subtus tenuissime sulcata, erecta; petiolis adpressis.

FLORES in axillis foliorum solitarii, cernui, sub-albicantes; pedunculis curvatis, albidis.

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