Part 36

REFRIGERANTS.--Cooling applications, which reduce the temperature of the blood and body; as cold water, ether, lead-water, etc.

RUBEFACIENTS.--Medicines which gently irritate the skin, producing redness on white surfaces. Of this class, are aqua ammonia, creosote, mustard, turpentine, etc.

SEDATIVES.--Agents which depress the vital energies, without destroying life; as aconite, digitalis, hellebore, hydrochloric acid, hyoscyamus, opium, and tartrate of antimony.

TONICS.--Medicines which increase the action of the muscular system, giving strength and vigor to the animal. These are among the most useful remedies known to man, and are beneficial in all cases of debility, toning up the stomach, and improving the appetite and condition of the animal.

TONIC POWDER.--Pulverized gentian-root, one ounce; Jamaica ginger, one half an ounce; anise-seed, six drachms. Mix, and divide in eight powders; one to be given night and morning.

TRAUMATICS.--Medicines which excite the healing process of wounds; as aloes, friar's balsam, myrrh, rosin, sulphate of copper or zinc, tar, etc.

TRAUMATIC LOTION.--Mix tincture of aloes, one ounce; tincture of myrrh, two ounces. Or, melt together, tar, one ounce; rosin, two ounces; lard, four ounces. Or, mix sulphate of zinc, one drachm; rain-water, one half pint. Or, use the following, the celebrated friar's balsam; benzoin, in powder, four ounces; balsam of Peru, two ounces; Socotrine aloes, one half ounce; rectified spirits, one quart. Digest for ten or twelve days; then filter for use.

DOSES OF VARIOUS REMEDIES USED IN CATTLE PRACTICE.

ACONITE.--[Monk's hood; Wolf's bane.] An active poison. Used as a sedative in tincture; ten to twenty drops in water.

AETHIOPS MINERAL.--[Hydrargyri Sulphuretum.] One to two drachms.

ALCOHOL.--A stimulant; three to six ounces.

ALLSPICE.--[Pimento berries.] Aromatic; two to four drachms.

ALOES.--Cathartic and tonic; tonic dose, one half to one drachm--cathartic, one to two ounces.

ALUM.--[Alumen.] Irritant, astringent, and sedative; two to four drachms.

AMMONIA.--[Aqua ammonia; Liquor ammonia; Hartshorn.] Principally used in combination with mustard, as an external irritant, and internally, as a diffusible stimulant; two to six drachms. Of carbonate of ammonia, three to six drachms.

ANISE-SEED.--[Fruit of the Pimpinella Anisum.] One to two drachms.

ANTIMONY.--[Sulphate of Antimony.] Used in condition-powders; one to three drachms. Muriate of antimony. [Oil, or butter, of antimony.] Caustic; very good in foul in the foot. Tartarized antimony. [Tartar emetic.] One to four drachms. The author, in the last instance, varies from the dose prescribed by veterinary authors, never giving it in more than one-half-drachm doses, believing its action thus more certain and satisfactory.

ASAFOETIDA.--Stimulant; two to four drachms.

AXUNGE.--[Hog's Lard.] Ointment, principally; may be used as purgative in doses of from one to one and a half pounds.

BALSAM OF PERU.--Stimulant, and tonic; two to four drachms.

BELLADONNA.--[Deadly Nightshade.] Narcotic, anti-spasmodic, and irritant poison; one to two drachms.

BENZOIN.--[Gum Benjamin.] Ointment; see Traumatics.

CALOMEL.--[Hydrargyri Chloridum.] One half to one drachm.

CAMOMILE.--[Anthemis.] Stomachic, carminative, and tonic; one to two ounces.

CAMPHOR.--[Camphora Officinarum.] Narcotic and irritant; in small doses, sedative and stimulant; one to four drachms.

CANTHARIDES.--[Spanish Flies.] Internally, stimulant and diuretic; twenty to thirty grains. Externally, vesicant; used in form of ointment, or tincture.

CARAWAY.--[Fruit of the Carum Carisi.] Used chiefly for flavoring purposes.

CARDAMOMS.--[Fruit of the Elettaria Cardamomum.] Used to communicate an agreeable flavor to other medicines.