Section Ii.--Cynoidea (dog-Like Animals).

Family 6. Canidæ (the Dog family).

Examples: Dog, Wolf, Fox.

Section III.--ARCTOIDEA (Bear-like animals).

Family 7. Ursidæ (the Bear family).

Examples: The various kinds of Bear.

Family 8. Procyonidæ (the Racoon family).

Examples: Racoon, Coati, Kinkajou, Cacomixle.

Family 9. Ailuridæ, contains the Panda only.

Family 10. Mustelidæ (the Weasel family).

Examples: Weasel, Stoat, Ferret, Badger, Skunk, Ratel, Glutton, Marten, Polecat, Otter.

Felidæ.

Felis leo.

“Tower Menagerie.”

Judges xiv. 5, 6.

1 Samuel xvii. 34-36.

2 Samuel xxiii. 20.

Humboldt: “Views of Nature.”

Livingstone.

Mr. Bartlett, the able Superintendent of the Zoological Gardens.

Felis tigris.

Sir Joseph Fayrer: “The Royal Tiger of Bengal: his life and death.”

Felis pardus.

Sir James Emerson Tennent, “Sketches of the Natural History of Ceylon.”

Felis onca.

“Naturalist’s Voyage.”

Felis concolor.

A weapon used by the Gauchos, and consisting of three cords, knotted together at one end, and having each a ball or stone attached to the other. The smallest of these is held in the hand, and the Gaucho “whirls the other two round and round his head, then taking aim, sends them like chain shot rushing through the air.”

Felis uncia.

Felis macrocelis.

Felis pardalis.

Buffon.

Felis marmorata.

Felis viverrina.

Felis pajeros.

Felis macrura.

Felis tigrina.

Felis ferox.

Brehm.

Felis jaguarondi.

Felis eyra.

Felis serval.

Felis rubiginosa.

Felis bengalensis.

Jerdon.

Felis aurata.

Felis torquata.

Scott, quoted by Jerdon.

Felis manul.

Felis maniculata.

Felis catus.

Brehm.

Felis domestica.

Pennant, “British Zoology.”

“Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals.”

“Natural History of Selborne.”

White’s “Selborne.”

Felis chaus.

Felis lynx.

Tschudi, quoted by Brehm.

Felis pardina.

Felis canadensis.

Felis rufa.

Felis caracal.

Felis jubata.

“Mammals of India.”

Hyænidæ.

The dental formula is--incisors, (3-3)/(3-3), canines, (1-1)/(1-1), premolars, (4-4)/(3-3), molars, (1-1)/(1-1) = 34.

Lycaon.

Hyæna crocuta.

Andersson.

Harris.

Hyæna brunnea or fusca.

Hyæna striata.

Canon Tristram.

Cryptoproctidæ.

Cryptoprocta ferox.

Protelidæ.

Proteles Lalandii.

Viverridæ.

The dental formula is, therefore, incisors, (3-3)/(3-3), canines, (1-1)/(1-1), premolars, (4-4)/(4-4), molars, (2-2)/(2-2) = 40.

Viverra civetta.

Viverra Zibetha.

Viverra pallida seu rasse.

Genetta vulgaris.

Herpestes griseus.

A plant allied to that which produces the well-known nux vomica. It is used by Indian physicians in fevers, and as an antidote to poisons.

A tree allied to that which produces Peruvian bark. It is called the Mungo, or “Earth-gall,” by the Malays. It is also supposed to be an antidote to poisons.

The “birth-wort.” It is used in India as a remedy for gout, and in England is given to Cows after calving.

A tree allied to the acacias and to the sensitive plant.

Pharsalia, lib. iv. 729.

The nux vomica plant.

Urva cancrivora.

Paradoxurus musang.

Arctictis binturong.

N.B.--The description of some members of the Viverridæ, or Civet family, has been inadvertently omitted from our chapter on that group, and will be found at the end of the article on the Land Carnivora (pp. 206-208).

Canidæ.

Canis familiaris.

2 Kings xvii. 31.

Darwin’s “Animals and Plants under Domestication.”

Youatt: “The Dog.”

Darwin, “Animals and Plants under Domestication.”

“Proceedings of the Zoological Society,” 1875.

Darwin’s “Origin of Species.”

Dr. Huggins, Nature, Vol VII.

Youatt.

Youatt.

Darwin’s “Expression of the Emotions.”

Moles.

Quarterly Journal of Science, April, 1876.

“St. Ronan’s Well.”

From the Globe newspaper.

“Animal Depravity,” Quarterly Journal of Science, 1875.

Quoted from the Daily News in the article on “Animal Depravity” in the Quarterly Journal of Science for 1875.

See Sir Thomas Watson: “Hydrophobia and Rabies,” Nineteenth Century, December, 1877.

Sir J. Richardson’s “Fauna Boreali-Americana.”

Hayes, quoted by Jesse.

Youatt.

Tristram.

Youatt.

Youatt.

“The Straits of Malacca, Indo-China, and China.”

Canis primævus.

Williamson, quoted by Youatt.

Canis dingo.

Youatt.

Youatt.

Canis lupus.

Virgil, Ec. ix., 53:--

“All, all forgotten now, those youthful lays; My voice will follow, ay, my voice decays; The Wolf hath eyed me first, hath Mœris eyed.”

L. Énault, quoted by Brehm.

Jesse: “History of the British Dog.”

Richardson: “Fauna Boreali-Americana,” 1829.

Canis latrans.

Richardson.

Canis aureus.

Canis vulpes.

Canis lagopus.

Canis zerda.

Megalotis Lalandii.

The dental formula is, therefore, incisors, (3-3)/(3-3); canines, (1-1)/(1-1); premolars, (4-4)/(4-4); molars, (4-4)/(4-4) = 48.

Nycterentes procyonides.

Lycaon pictus.

Gordon Cumming quoted by A. Murray: “Geographical Distribution of Mammals.”

Ursidæ.

Ursus arctos.

“Lake ’Ngami.”

Ursus americanus.

Ursus ferox.

Ursus syriacus.

Ursus isabellinus.

Ursus tibetanus and U. (Helarctos) malayanus.

Jerdon: “Mammals of India.”

Ursus (or Melursus) labiatus.

Tickell, quoted by Jerdon.

Tannent: “Ceylon.”

Ursus (or Helarctos) ornatus.

Ursus (or Thalassarctos) maritimus.

R. Brown, quoted from “Arctic Manual.”

Quoted by Jesse: “History of the British Dog.”

Procyonidæ.

The dental formula is--Incisors, (3-3)/(3-3); canines, (1-1)/(1-1); premolars, (4-4)/(4-4); molars, (2-2)/(2-2) = 40.

Procyon lotor.

Nasua narica.

Cercoleptes caudivolvulus.

Bassaris astuta.

Ailuridæ.

Ailurus fulgens.

Mustelidæ.

“Fur-bearing Animals: a Monograph of North American Mustelidæ.”

Gulo luscus.

The dental formula is--Incisors, (3-3)/(3-3); canines, (1-1)/(1-1); premolars, (4-4)/(4-4); molars, (1-1)/(2-2) = 38.

Mustela martes.

Mustela Pennantii.

Mustela zibellina.

Coues.

Putorius vulgaris. The Weasel is very commonly referred to the genus Mustela, but this name properly belongs to the Martens.

Putorius erminca.

Putorius fœtidus.

Putorius furo.

Putorius lutreola and P. vison.

Galictes vittata.

Galictes barbara.

Mellivora capensis and M. indica.

Meles vulgaris.

The Times, Oct. 24th, 1877.

Taxidea americana.

Mydaus meliceps.

Ictonyx zorilla.

Mephitis mephitica.

Coues.

Mephitis (or Spilogale) putorius.

Mephitis (or Conepatus) mapurito.

Lutra vulgaris.

The dental formula is--Incisors, (3-3)/(3-3); canines, (1-1)/(1-1); premolars, (4-4)/(3-3); molars, (1-1)/(2-2) = 36.

“Malacca, Indo-China, and China.”

Lutra canadensis.

Pteronura Sandbachii.

Enhydra lutris.

Dental formula--Incisors, (3-3)/(2-2); canines, (1-1)/(1-1); premolars, (3-3)/(3-3); molars, (1-1)/(2-2)=32.

Capt. C. M. Scammon, “American Naturalist,” Vol. IV., 1870.

H. W. Elliott, quoted by Coues, “Fur-bearing Animals.”

The dental formula is--Incisors, (3-3)/(3-3); canines, (1-1)/(1-1); premolars, (2-2)/(2-2); molars, (1-1)/(1-1) = 28.

The dental formula is--Incisors, (3-3)/(3-3); canines, (1-1)/(1-1); premolars, (4-4)/(4-4); molars, (3-3)/(3-3) = 44.

“Les Enchaînements du Monde animal, dans les temps géologiques.” Paris, 1878.

Cynogale Bennettii.

Cynictis penicillata.

Crossarchus obscurus.

Suricata zenick.

Pinna, a fin; pes, a foot.

Pinna, a fin; gradus, a step.

From the Greek, θρίξ, a hair, and ἔχω, I have.

From the Greek, οὖς, ὠτός an ear.

From the Greek, φώκη, a seal.

Trichechus rosmarus.

Otaria ursinus, the genus Callorhinus of certain authorities.

Otaria Stelleri, the genus Eumetopias of Gray and others.

Otaria Gilliespii.

Otaria Hookeri, the genus Arctocephalus and Phocarctos of Gray.

Otaria albicollis, the Neophoca lobata of Gray.

Otaria jubata.

Otaria falklandica, placed under the genus Arctophoca by Peters, and Euotaria by Gray.

Otaria pusilla, the Arctocephalus antarticicus of Gray.

Otaria Forsteri, the Gypsophoca tropicalis of Gray.

Otaria (Euotaria) cinerea.

Phoca vitulina, the genus Callocephalus of some authorities.

Phoca fœtida, or Phoca hispida; the genus Pagomys of Gray.

Phoca groelandica; the genus Pagophilus of Gray.

Phoca barbata.

Halichœrus gryphus.

Monachus albiventer.

Cystophora cristata.

Macrorhinus elephantinus; the genus Morunga of Gray.

Ommatophoca Rossii.

Stenorhynchus leptonyx.

Stenorhynchus (Leptonyx) Weddellii.

Lobodon carcinophaga.

Platanista gangetica.

Inia Geoffrensis.

Pontoporia Blainvillii.

Z. cavirostris.

Z. indicus.

M. Sowerbiensis.

Berardius Arnouxi.

Hyperoodon rostratus.

Physeter macrocephalus.

Kogia breviceps; the Physeter simus of Owen.

K. (Euphysetes) Grayii of MacLeay.

Globiocephalus melas.

Grampus griseus.

Phocœna communis.

Orca gladiator.

Delphinus delphis.

D. tursio.

Beluga leucas.

Monodon monoceros.

Balæna mysticetus.

Megaptera; μέγας, great, and πτερόν, fin.

Rhachianectes glaucus of Cope.

Balænoptera; φάλαινα, a whale, and πτερόν, fin.

Rhytina Stelleri.

Halicore dugong.

παχὺς, thick; δέρμα, skin.

Elephas indicus.

Graphic, June 12, 1875.

Elephas africanus.

From the Latin unguis, ungula, a hoof.

περισσός, uneven; δάκτυλος, toe.

ἄρτιος, even; δάκτυλος, toe.

Tapirus americanus.

Tapirus villosus.

Tapirus malayanus.

Philosophical Transactions, xlii.

Rhinoceros Oswellii.

The numbers in each figure refer to the digits, the thumb being always absent. The seven square-shaped bones above the digits in each figure constitute the wrist or carpus. Above these are the large radius, and the small ulna in some.

ἀ, without; ὀπλή, a hoof; θηρίον, wild beast; wild beast without hoof.

Sus scrofa.

Sus scrofa (Indian variety).

Phacochœrus Ælianus.