Part 4

FRENCH CANADA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

XXX.

RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF CANADA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457

INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484

{xiii}

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

THE HON. W. L. MACKENZIE KING . . . . . . . . Frontispiece Courtesy "Canada."

VIEW OF CAPE TRINITY ON THE LAURENTIAN RANGE . . . . . . . 9 From a photograph by Topley, Ottawa.

ROCKY MOUNTAINS AT DONALD, BRITISH COLUMBIA . . . . . . . 13 From Sir W. Van Horne's Collection of B. C. photographs.

UPPER END OF FRASER CANON, BRITISH COLUMBIA . . . . . . . 15 Ibid.

SKETCH OF JUAN DE LA COSA'S MAP, A.D. 1500 . . . . . . . . 25 From Dr. S. E. Dawson's "Cabot Voyages," in Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., 1894.

* To explain these dates it is necessary to note that Champlain lived for years in one of the buildings of the Fort of Saint Louis which he first erected, and the name chateau is often applied to that structure; but the chateau, properly so-called, was not commenced until 1647, and it as well as its successors was within the limits of the fort. It was demolished in 1694 by Governor Frontenac, who rebuilt it on the original foundations, and it was this castle which, in a remodelled and enlarged form, under the English regime, lasted until 1834.

{xiv}

PORTRAIT OF JACQUES CARTIER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 From B. Sulte's "Histoire des Canadiens-Francais" (Montreal, 1882-'84).

ANCIENT HOCHELAGA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 From Ramusio's "Navigationi e Viaggi" (Venice, 1565).

THE "DAUPHIN MAP" OF CANADA, circa 1543, SHOWING CARTIER'S DISCOVERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 From collection of maps in Parliamentary Library at Ottawa.

PLAN OF PORT ROYAL IN ACADIA IN 1605 . . . . . . . . . . . 57 From Champlain's works, rare Paris ed. of 1613.

CHAMPLAIN'S PORTRAIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 From B. Sulte's "Histoire des Canadiens-Francais."

HABITATION DE QUEBEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 From Champlain's works, rare Paris ed. of 1613.

CHAMPLAIN'S LOST ASTROLABE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 From sketch by A. J. Russell, of Ottawa, 1879.

ONONDAGA FORT IN THE IROQUOIS COUNTRY . . . . . . . . . . 83 From Champlain's works, rare Paris ed. of 1613.

INDIAN COSTUMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 From Lafitau's "Moeurs des Sauvages" (Paris, 1724).

IROQUOIS LONG HOUSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 From Morgan's "Houses and Home Life of the Aborigines" (Washington, 1881).

PORTRAIT OF MARIE GUYARD (MERE MARIE DE L'INCARNATION) . . 131 From S. Sulte's "Histoire des Canadiens-Francais."

PORTRAIT OF MAISONNEUVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Ibid.

PORTRAIT OF LAVAL, FIRST CANADIAN BISHOP . . . . . . . . . 159 Ibid.

{xv}