Part 33

Falkland, Lord, Nova Scotian Governor, 362 "Family Compact," 344; broken up, 355 Farming, the most important industry, 422-423 Fenian Raids, 378 Fielding, Mr. W. S., 433 Fish Creek, fight at (in 1855), 396; monument to dead, 400 Fisheries of Canada, 324, 335, 375, 424 Fitzgibbon. See War of 1812 Five Nations. See Iroquois Forbes, General, 243; in Ohio Valley, 246 Foster, George A., Canadian statesman, 298 Fraser River, 16, 17, 383 Frechette, Louis, French Canadian poet, 181; his portrait, 449 Frederic (Crown Point), Fort, 222 Free Land, 482 Free libraries, 426 French Canada. See French Canadians French Canadians, language of, 435-438; villages of, 439-442; attachment of, to Roman Catholic religion, 438-440, 447; habits of, 446; literature of, 448; feelings of, towards England, and confederation, 454-456 Frog Lake Massacre (in 1885), 395 Frontenac, Count, Canadian Governor, 194-204; character of, 193; repulses Phipps at Quebec, 199-201; humbles Onondagas, 203; death of, 204; autograph and statue of, 193 Frontenac, Fort, 184, 195, 196, 246; destroyed, 247 Fruit-growing, 423

Galissonniere, Canadian Governor, 222, 223 Galt, Sir Alexander, Canadian statesman, 372 Gannentaha, Onandaga French Mission, 148, 149 Garmeau, F. X., French Canadian historian, 449 Garry, Fort, 385, 388, 391; view of, 389 Gaspe, Cape, 8, 33 George, Lake, 137; battle of, 231 Germain, Lord George (Sackville), 287 Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, 43 Gold, discovery of, in the Yukon and in Alaska, 430 Gomez, Estevan, 27 Gosford, Lord, Canadian Governor, 342, 352 Gourlay, Robert, Canadian reformer, 344; his ill-treatment, 345 Government of Dominion of Canada, 426, 429 Governor-General of Canada, 428 Grand Trunk Railway, 416; Pacific Railway, sections, 418; Government subsidy granted, 418; arbitration, 477 Grasett, Colonel, in Riel's second rebellion (1885), 397 Great Northern, 418 Greenfield, Premier, 479 Griffin, Le Salle's vessel, 186 Grosseilliers, Sieur de, 170 Guarantee Act, 416 Guercheville, Mme. de, 61 Guyart, Marie (Mere de l'Incarnation), Superior of Ursulines, 132; portrait of, 131

Habitants, of French Canada, 163-167, 442-447 Haldimand, General, Canadian governor, 287, 290, 301 Hale, Horatio, on Indian legends, 113, 119 Haliburton, Judge ("Sam Slick"), 360; portrait of, 359 Halifax, City of, founded, 222; razed, 468 Hampton, General, defeated at Chateauguay, 328 Harvey, Colonel (Sir John), at Stoney Creek, 325; in Nova Scotia, 363 Head, Sir Francis Bond, 350-353, 355 Hebert, French Canadian sculptor, 193, 449 Helluland of the Norsemen, 20 High Commission created, 430 Hincks, Sir Francis, Canadian statesman, 367 Hennepin, Father, his voyages, 187 Heve, La, in Acadia, 98 Hey, Chief Justice, 278 Highways Act, 470 Historians of Canada. See Bibliographical note at beginning of volume Hochelaga (Montreal), Indian village of, 37-41; inhabitants of, 112 Holbourne, Admiral, 240 Hospitals in Canada, 130 Hotel Dieu of Montreal, 134 Hotel Dieu of Quebec, 130 House of Commons of Canada, 428 Howe, Joseph, Canadian statesman and father of responsible government, 362, 364; portrait of, 363; action of, with respect to union, 412, 413 Howe, Lord, death of, 245 Hudson's Bay, English trading posts at, attacked by French, 195, 203, 205; Company of, 381-388; Railway, 418 Hughes, Sir Sam, 465 Huron Indians, 115; habits of, 116; habitations of, 82, 116; conquered by Iroquois, 141-143; dispersion of, 143-145

Iberville, Chevalier d', 198, 203, 207, 208; portrait of, 209 Ile Royale. See Cape Breton Imperial Conference, 463, 474 Imperial Munitions Board, 467 Indians of Canada, tribal divisions of, 114, 115; customs of, 115-117, 123-128; English policy towards, 275; present population and development of, 402, 403 Intercolonial Railway, 417 International Commission, 431 Iroquois, or Five Nations, 111, 114; tribal divisions and habitations of, 118, 119; habits and institutions of, 118-123; plan of long-houses of, 119; Canadian raids of, 137, 138, 146, 150; attacks of, on Hurons, 141-143; attacks on Western Indians, 195; French expeditions against, 74, 153, 154, 196, 203; joined by Tuscaroras and become Six Nations, 121

Japanese Government, 479 Jesuits in Acadia, 61; in Canada, 85, 86, 89; first Canadian martyr, 139; their heroism, 139-143; Relations, 113, 114, 127 Jette, Sir Louis, 430 Jogues, Isaac, first Jesuit martyr, 139 Johnson, Sir W., 227; defeats French at Lake George, 231 Johnston, J. W., Canadian statesman, 362 Jolliet, Louis, discovers Mississippi, 179, 180 Jonquiere, Marquis de la, Canadian governor, 218 Journalism, 426 Judiciary of Canada, 428

King, Hon. W. L. Mackenzie, 467, 468, 475 King's College in Nova Scotia, 360 Kingsford, William, Canadian author. See Bibliographical Note at the beginning of this volume Kirk, Admiral, captures Quebec, 88 Klondyke rush, 463

Labour organizations, 481 La Chine, origin of name, 184; massacre at, 196 Lacolle Mill, American defeat at, 331 Lafontaine, Sir L. H., Canadian statesman, 364; portrait of, 369 La Hontan, 195 Lalemant, Charles, Jesuit superior, 86 Lalemant, Gabriel, Jesuit missionary, his heroic death, 142 La Mothe-Cadillac, founder of Detroit, 207 La Tour, Charles de, in Acadia, 93-109 La Tour, Claude de, in Acadia, 93-97 La Tour, Madame de, her heroism, 102-104 Laurentides, 6; their antiquity, ib. See View of Cape Trinity, 9 Laurier, Wilfrid, Canadian premier, 414, 429, 432, 433, 439, 454, 460, 463, 467, 472 Laval, Mgr., first Canadian bishop, 157; character of, 158-160; portrait of, 159 Lawrence, Fort, 228 Lawrence, Governor, his part in expulsion of Acadians, 235 Law, systems of, in Canada, 428 Le Borgne, in Acadia, 106 Le Caron, Father, first western missionary, 82 Legislative Council, made elective in Canada, 367 Legislatures, Provincial, constitution of (in 1774), 278; (1792), 302-304; (1840), 357; (1867), 426 Leif Ericson, Norse voyager in America, 19, 20 Le Loutre, French priest in Acadia, 229, 230 Lemieux, Hon. Rodolphe, 479 L'Escarbot, in Acadia, 55, 56 Le Moyne, Simon, Jesuit missionary, 147 Levis, Chevalier de, 248; Canadian town named after, 2; at battle of St. Foy, 262 Liberal Convention, 468 Liotot, murderer of La Salle, 190 Liquors, sale of, 160 Livius, Chief Justice, 304 Loans, domestic, 469 Local government in French Canada, 164; in English Canada. See Municipal Institutions Lodge, Mr. Henry C., 430 Long Sault, heroic incident at, 150 Lorette, Hurons of, 144 L'Ordre de bon temps, at Port Royal, 57 Loudoun, Earl, 237 Louisbourg, 211; taken by New England expedition, 215-217; by Amherst and Boscawen, 242, 243; destroyed, 243; present aspect of, ib.; view of, in 1731, 210 Louisiana, 208, 224, 225, 436 Louis XIV., his interest in Canada, 152, 156 Lount, Samuel, Canadian Reformer, 353, 355 Loyalists, United Empire, 297; their trials, 292, 293, 294; famous names among, 295; their influence on Canada, 292, 296 Lundy's Lane, battle of, 331; monument at, 333, 337

Macdonald, Alexander, 463 Macdonald, Sir John Alexander, Canadian statesman and premier, political, career of, 372, 394, 398, 408-413; one of founders of Confederation 372; autograph and portrait of, 405; his tenure, as premier, 408; character of, 408, 410; monuments to, 413 Macdonnell, Bishop, 310 Mackenzie, Alexander, Canadian premier, 408 Mackenzie River, 383 Mackenzie, W. Lyon, Canadian Reformer, 348; career of, 348-351, 343-355, 368; autograph and portrait of, 349 Mackinac or Michillimackinac, 174, 175, 187, 203, 207, 223, 272 (Pontiac's War); 322, 332 (War of 1812) McDonell, Colonel, attorney-general, killed at Queenston, 322 McDonnell, Colonel, captures Ogdensburgh, 324; at Chateauguay, 328 McDougall, William, Canadian statesman, 373; in the Northwest, 387-390 McLeod affair with the United States, 374, 375 McNab, Colonel (Sir Allan), 353, 354 Macrae, Colonel, 466 Magdalen Islands, 32 Maisonneuve, Sieur de, founder of Ville-Marie (Montreal), 133-136; portrait of, 135 Mance, Jeanne, 134-136 Manitoba, province of, 391, 392. See Winnipeg Manufactures in Canada, 419-421 Markland, Norse discovery, 20 Marquette, Father, 178; discovers Mississippi, 179, 180; his death, 182, 183 Marquis wheat, 463 Maseres, Attorney-General, 278 Mason and Slidell difficulty, 377 Masse, Father, Jesuit missionary, in Acadia, 61; in Canada, 80 Matagorda Bay, La Salle at, 190 Matthews, Peter, Canadian Reformer, 355 Meighen, Hon. Arthur, 470, 474 Membertou, Micmac chief, 58, 59, 60, 62 Membre, Father, French missionary, 187, 188 Merchant Marine, 467 Metcalfe, Lord, Canadian Governor, 362 Metis or half-breeds of Canada, 11, 386; rebellions of (1869), 386-391; (1885), 393-400. See Riel Micmacs (Souriquois), 114, 115 Middleton, General, commands Canadian forces in second Red River Rebellion (1885), 396 Military Service, 468 Mining an important industry, 423 Mississippi, discovery of, 179, 180, 181, 188; France in valley of, 224, 225, 434 Mohawks, division of Iroquois Confederation, 118; settle in Canada, 300, 402. See Iroquois Monckton, General, 230; at siege of Quebec, 250, 257 Money in French Canada, 161, 162 Monongahela, battle of. See Braddock Montagnais Indians, 115 Montcalm, Marquis de, 238; victories of, 237, 238; defeat of, by Wolfe, 256; death of, 257; character of, 260; monument to, 259, 261 Montgomery, General, in Canada, 284; death of, 285 Montgomery's Tavern, near Toronto, Canadian rebels defeated at (1836), 353 Montmagny, Charles Hault de, Canadian governor, 129, 133; called "Onontio," 153 Montreal, city of, founded as Ville-Marie, 134-136; view of, in 1760, 265 Monts, Sieur de, in Acadia, 50-59, 68-75 Morgan, Lewis H., on the Iroquois, 119 Morrison, Colonel, defeats Americans at Chrystler's Farm, 328 Mounted Police of the Northwest, 401 Municipal Institutions in Canada, 367, 368, 426 Murray, General, at siege of Quebec, 250; defeated by Levis, 262; Canadian governor, 275-277; character of, 276

National Policy Tariff, 414 Naval Treaty, 480 Necessity, Fort, 224 Neilson, John, Canadian journalist, 338, 339 Nelson, Wolfred, Canadian reformer, 330, 352, 356, 357, 368 Neutral Nation (Attiwandaronks), 117 Newark (Niagara), 306; burned by American troops, 330 New Brunswick, province of, 5, 6; separated from Nova Scotia, 302; enters Confederation, 373, 374, 412 Newspapers, 426 Niagara, falls of, 186 Niagara, Fort, 231, 247, 253, 426 Nicolet, Jean, 168, 169 Nipissing Lake, 81, 82; Indians of, ib., 115 Non-intervention, 460 Norse voyages to America, 19, 20 Northwest Company, 382-385 Northwest of Canada, 10, 11; history of, 381-401; resources and progress of, 11, 392; mounted police of, 401, 481; Indians of, rebellions in, 387-402; monuments to victims of, 400; government of, 428 Northwest Passage, 465 Norumbega, 28, 54; memorials of, ib. Nova Scotia, 5, 6; named, 96; first assembly of, 302; enters Confederation, 373, 374, 413

Ocean steamships. See Royal William Ohio, valley of the, contest for, 223, 229, 230, 242; Indian raids in (Pontiac's War), 273 Oil discoveries, 476 Oneidas, division of Iroquois Confederation, 118. See Iroquois Onondagas, division of Iroquois Confederation, 118. See Iroquois Onontio. See Montmagny Ontario, province of, 10; name of, ib., 374; first known as Upper or Western Canada, 303; enters Confederation, 374; Hydro-Electric Commission, 476; Agricultural College, 482 Oregon boundary question, 375 Orleans, Island of, 36 Oswego (Choueguen), Fort, 222, 227 Ottawa River, 78 Otter, Colonel, 397 Ouigoudi (St. John's River, N.B.), 53

Papineau, Louis J., Canadian Reformer, 339; career of, 339, 351, 352, 357, 368; portrait of, 341 Paris, Treaty of, 264, 265 Parlby, Irene, 479 Parliament, House at Quebec, in 1792, 305; at Newark, 306, 307; burned at Montreal in 1849, 370; view of, at Ottawa, 427; constitution of Canadian, 428; at Ottawa burned, 468; rebuilt, 472 Peary, Admiral, 464 Peltrie, Madame de la, 131, 132 Pemaquid, Fort, 213 Pension Bill, 470 Pepperrell, General, 215, 216 Perrot, Nicholas, 176, 177 Phipps, Admiral, attacks Quebec, 199-201 Pitt (Chatham), 240, 241 Poets of French Canada, 450 Pontgrave, 43, 49 Pontiac, Ottawa chief, 270, 271; his war against English, 271-274; death of, 274 Population of Canada; (in 1757), 225; (1792), 303; (1812), 320; (1838), 358; (1861), 366; French population, 358, 425 Port Arthur, 478 Port Royal, founded, 52, 54; destroyed by Argall, 64; restored, 99; taken by Nicholson, 206; called Annapolis Royal, ib.; its present aspect, 52 Postage reform, 432 Pouchot, 247 Poundmaker, Indian chief, 395, 398 Poutrincourt, Baron de, founds Port Royal, 54; career of, in America, 53-61; death of, 66 Prescott Gate, 305, 307 Presqu'isle (Erie), 223, 247 Prevost, General, Canadian governor, military incapacity of, 325, 332 Prince of Wales, 472 Prince Edward Island (St. Jean), 5, 243, 244; separated from Nova Scotia, 302; enters Confederation, 403. See Charlottetown Privy Council. See Judicial Committee Proclamation of 1763, 274, 275 Procter, General, 324, 327 Progressive Party, 474 Prohibition, 458, 473 Protective policy, 458

Quebec Act of 1774, 276-279 Quebec Bridge, 470 Quebec, city of, 1-3; named, 70; founded, 70; taken by Kirk, 88; besieged by Phipps, 199-201; by Wolfe, 248-257; plan of siege of 1759, 251; surrender of, 258; besieged by Levis, 262; by Arnold and Montgomery, 284-286; view of, in 1760, 270; in 1896, 434. See Chateau St. Louis Quebec Conference of 1864, Confederation proposed, 372 Quebec, province of, 8, 9; enters Confederation, 374 Queylus, Abbe, 157, 158

Radisson, Sieur, 17 Railways in Canada, 366, 367 Rale, Sebastian, missionary in Acadia, 212 Ramesay, M. de, in Acadia, 219; surrenders Quebec, 258 Razilly, Isaac de, in Acadia, 97-99 Rebellion Losses, Riots of 1849, 369, 370 Rebellions in Canada; of 1837-38, in Lower Canada, 338-343, 351, 353-357; in Upper Canada, 344-351, 353-355; in the Northwest (1869), 387-392; (1885), 393-400 Reciprocity Treaty, 376 Recollets or Franciscans, 80, 81, 89 Red River settlement (Assiniboia), 384-387; insurrection at (1869-70), 387-392. See Riel Republican ideas, 462 Responsible Government in Canada, 361-365; in Nova Scotia, 362-364; in New Brunswick, 364; in P. E. Island, ib.; in British Columbia, 405; famous advocates of, 364, 365 Revenue and Expenditure of Canada, 425 Revolution, American. See American Revolution Richardson, Major, Canadian author, 271 Richelieu, Cardinal, 86 Richelieu River, 72, 73 Riel, Louis, rebels against Canada in 1869-70, 388; in 1885, 393-400; execution of, 379 Roberval, Jean Francois de la Roque, 45, 46 Robinson, Chief Justice, 344 Robinson, Christopher, 298 Roche, Marquis de la, 47 Rogers, Major Robert, 269 Rolph, Dr. John, Canadian Reformer, 353 Roman Catholics of Canada, freed from civil disabilities, 278 Root, Mr. Elihu, 430 Royal Mint, 468 Royal William, first steamship to cross Atlantic, 358 Rupert's Land, 381; history of, under fur traders, 381-386; part of Dominion, 387. See Northwest of Canada Ryerson, Egerton, 350, 368 Ryswick, Treaty of, 204

St. Alban's Bank, raid on, 377 Saint-Castin, Baron de, in Acadia, 171, 172 St. Croix, Island of, in Acadia, 53, 54 St. Croix River, 36 St. Foy, Battle of, 262 St. Ignace, mission of, attacked by Iroquois, 142 St. John River, 53; La Tour's fort on, 99, 103 St. Joseph, mission of, attacked by Iroquois, 142 St. Lawrence River, discovery of, 34, 35; valley of, 8; mountains of, ib. St. Lawrence, deepening of canals, 418, 419 St. Louis, Chateau. See Chateau St. Louis Saint-Lusson, Sieur, in the West, 177 St. Pierre and Miquelon, Isles of, 266 St. Sacrement, Lac du (Lake George), 137 Ste. Anne de Beaupre, Canadian Lourdes, 439, 440; view of church at, 441 Ste. Marie, Jesuit mission, 141, 143, 145 Saguenay River, 35 Salaberry, Colonel de, at Chateaugay, 328; portrait of, 329 Salle, Sieur de la, in the West, 183-188; on the Mississippi, 188, 189; assassination of, 190; autograph and portrait of, 185 "Sam Slick." See Haliburton San Juan difficulty, 375 Saskatchewan River, Riel's rebellion in district of, 393-400; monument on, 400 Sault-au-Matelot, 286 Sault Ste. Marie, 177, 223 Saunders, Dr. Chas. E., 463 Schools. See Education Schultz, Dr., at Red River, 390 Scott, Thomas, murdered by Riel, 390, 391 Secord, Laura, her courage, 326 Seigniorial Tenure, 87, 165; abolition of, 367 Selkirk, Lord, on the Red River, 384; death of, 385 Selkirk Range, 16, 17 Senate of Canada, 428 Senecas, division of the Iroquois Confederation, 118. See Iroquois Shipbuilding, 421 Shirley, General, 231 Sillery, 133 Simcoe, General, lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada, 306, 309-311; portrait of, 311 Six Nations. See Iroquois Smith, Sir Donald, at Red River, 390 Smith, Mary E., 479 Souriquois. See Micmacs South African War, 432-433 Stadacona (Quebec), 36 "Starved Rock" on the Illinois, 189 Stoney Creek, battle of, 325 Strachan, Bishop, 342, 347; portrait of, ib. Strathcona, Lord, 465 Strange, Colonel, 397 Stefansson, Vilhjalmur, 464 Sulpicians in Canada, 133, 136, 157, 158 Sulte, Benjamin, French Canadian author, 448 Sydenham, Lord. See Thomson, Poulett

Tache, Archbishop, 390, 391 Talbot, Thomas, 310 Talon, J. Baptiste, Canadian Intendant, 157, 168 Tariff, revision of, 415; war with Germany, 415; British preference, 415, 416; commercial treaty with France, 416 Tecumseh, Indian Chief, 322, 327 Temple, Sir Thomas, in Acadia, 108 Thayendanegea. See Brant, Joseph Thompson, Sir John, Canadian premier, 324, 415, 458 Thomson, Poulett (Lord Sydenham), Canadian governor, 361, 362 Ticonderoga (Carillon), Fort, 222, 248, 434 Tilley, Sir Leonard, Canadian statesman a founder of confederation, 412 Titles, 462 Tobacco Nation (Tionotates), 117, 144 Touty, Henry de (of the copper hand), 186, 188, 208 Toronto (Fort Rouille), 222, 247; first known as York, 309; University of, 347 Tracy, Marquis de, Canadian viceroy, 152, 155 Trapper, Canadian, 173 Trinity, Cape, 9 Trinity College at Toronto, founded, 347 Tupper, Sir Charles, Canadian statesman, 298, 368; a founder of confederation, 373, 412, 415, 464, 465 Turner, Mr. George, 430 Tuscaroras. See Iroquois.

Union Act of 1840, 361-368 United Farmers' Organization, 474 United States, population of, in 1812, 316; relations of Canada with, from 1840 to 1867, 379; present relations, 429 Universities, 347 Upper Canada. See Ontario. Upper Canada Gazette, first Upper Canadian newspaper, 315 Ursulines, convent of, 131 Utrecht, Treaty of, 208

Varennes, 202 Vaudreuil, Marquis de, Canadian governor, 229; at siege of Quebec, 248, 252, 256; capitulates at Montreal, 264; death of, 268 Vercheres, Magdeleine de, her heroism, 202 Verendryes, the, in the West, 381; reach Rockies, 382; on the Red and Assiniboine Rivers, 384 Verrazano, Giovanni da, 26, 27 Versailles, Peace of, 461, 464 Victoria Bridge, 367 Victories, Notre-Dame des, at Quebec, 2, 201, 207 Vignau, Nicholas, deceives Champlain, 77, 98 Ville-Marie. See Montreal Vinland, Norse discovery, 20 Von Egmond, Colonel, during rebellion of 1836, 353, 354

Walker, Admiral Hovenden, 207 War of 1812-15, causes of, 316, 320; patriotism of Canadians during, 320-322; capitulation of Hull, 322; Battle of Queenston Heights, ib.; Procter's victory over Winchester, 324; taking of York (Toronto), ib.; American successes on Niagara frontier in 1813, 325; Stoney Creek, ib.; Mrs. Secord's exploit, 326; Fitzgibbon's success at De Ceu's, 326; English defeat on Lake Erie, 327; Procter's defeat at Moraviantown, ib.; Chrystler's farm, 328; Chateauguay, 328; American outrage at Niagara, 330; English retaliate, 330, 335; Riall's defeat, 331; Lundy's Lane, ib.; Prevost's defeat on Lake Champlain, and retreat from Plattsburg, 332; naval fights, 334; peace, 335; effect of, on Canada, 335, 336; conspicuous Canadian actors during, 336, 337; monuments of, 333, 336, 337 War Savings Certificates, 469 Washington, George, at Fort Necessity, 224 Washington, Treaty of, 1871, 324; Minister at, 473 Water-power, 476 Whelan, Edward, Canadian journalist, 406 Willcocks, Joseph, Canadian agitator, 314, 320 William Henry, Fort, 222, 238 Williams, Colonel, his gallantry at Batoche (1885) 397; death of, ib.; portrait of, 309 Wilmot, Lemuel A., Canadian statesman, 364; portrait of, 371 Winnipeg, 14, 315, 382, 392; riots, 470 Wolfe, General James, 242; at Louisbourg, 242; at Quebec, 250-256; wins Canada for England, 256, 257; death of, 257; character of, 260; monuments to, 259, 261; portrait of, 249 Wolseley, Lord, leads British forces against Riel in 1870, 391 Women's Conference, 478 Women's Suffrage, 458, 479 Wyandots (Hurons), 144

York, Duke and Duchess of, 460 York. See Toronto Yukon, the, discovery of gold in, 430