Part 9

92. COLUMBA (Wood-pigeon, Stock-dove, Rock-dove). Bill moderate, straight at base, compressed, point deflected; tail nearly even; first primary much larger than sixth. Page 203

93. TURTUR (Turtle-dove). Bill rather slender, tip of upper mandible gently deflected, that of lower scarcely exhibiting the appearance of an angle; tail rather long, graduated. Page 209

ORDER PTEROCLETES

FAMILY PTEROCLIDÆ

94. SYRRHAPTES (Sand-grouse). Bill small, gradually decurved; nostrils basal, hidden; wings long, pointed, first primary largest; tail of sixteen feathers, cuneate, central pair long; tarsi short, strong; feathered to toes; three toes, all in front; hallux obsolete; soles rugose; claws broad and obtuse. Page 211

ORDER GALLINÆ

Bill short and stout; culmen arched, and overhanging the mandible.

FAMILY TETRAONIDÆ

95. TETRAO (Black Grouse, Capercaillie). Bill strong; eyebrows naked, adorned with scarlet papillæ; tarsi feathered, without spurs; front toes naked, with pectinated margins; hind toe larger than the nail. Page 212

96. LAGÓPUS (Red Grouse, Ptarmigan). Front toes feathered, nearly smooth at the margins; hind toe shorter than the nail; in other respects like the last. Page 215

FAMILY PHASIANIDÆ

Nostrils never hidden by feathers; toes never pectinated.

97. PHASIÁNUS (Pheasant). Cheeks naked, adorned with scarlet papillæ; tail very long, of eighteen feathers. Page 219

98. PERDIX (Partridge). Bill strong; orbits naked; tarsus naked, male with a knob on the tarsus behind; tail of sixteen feathers, short, bent down. Page 222

99. CÁCCABIS (Red-legged Partridge). Tail of fourteen feathers; tarsi armed with blunt spurs in male. Page 225

100. COTÚRNIX (Quail). Bill slender; orbits feathered; wings with the first primary longest; tail very short; almost concealed by the tail-coverts. Page 226

ORDER FULICARIÆ (RAILS AND COOTS)

FAMILY RALLIDÆ (RAILS)

101. CREX (Corn-crake). Bill shorter than the head, thick at the base, compressed, pointed; front toes entirely divided, not margined; second and third primaries longest. Tail pointed, rectrices narrow. Page 228

102. PORZANA (Spotted and Little Crakes). Bill shorter than head; wings shorter than in Crex; second quill longest; secondaries shorter than primaries by length of hind toe and claw. Page 229

103. RALLUS (Water-rail). Bill longer than head; wings moderate, third and fourth quills longest. Page 230

104. GALLÍNULA (Moor-hen). Bill shorter than the head, stout, straight, compressed; upper mandible expanding at the base and forming a disc on the forehead; toes entirely divided, bordered by a narrow entire membrane, middle toe longer than tarsus. Page 231

105. FÚLICA (Coot). Bill shorter than the head, straight, robust, convex above, much compressed; upper mandible dilated at the base, and forming a naked patch on the forehead; all the toes united at the base, and bordered by a scalloped membrane. Page 233

ORDER ALECTORIDES

Angle of the mandible always truncated, hind toe generally raised above level of others.

FAMILY GRUIDÆ

Nasal depression more than half as long as maxilla; rectrices twelve.

106. GRUS (Crane). Upper mandible deeply channelled; nostrils medial; wings moderate; third primary longest. Page 234