Part 47

Continental Range—From Massachusetts southward to Florida and Texas; westward to Ohio, taking much the same range, and flowering at the same time as C. odontorhiza.

New England Range—Massachusetts, rare.

4.—CORALLORHIZA MULTIFLORA Nuttall, 1823

SPOTTED LARGE CORAL-ROOT

The specific name, multiflora, refers to the multiplying of both flowers and plants in many stations.

Tall woodland orchid, with large masses of coralloid roots. May (Canada)-June 20th-July (Maine); August 14th (Massachusetts); September 15th (Connecticut).

=Flowers=, 10-30, brownish-purple, in spiked raceme 2-8 inches long; pedicels short; flowers ½-¾ inch long. =Labellum= white, spotted with purple, oval deeply 3-lobed, central lobe broad; side lobes narrow, apex curved. Spur manifest. =Sepals= and =petals= linear-lanceolate. =Stem= 2-20 inches high, purplish. =Leaves= reduced to several appressed scales. =Seed-capsule= oblong, drooping when ripe.

Continental Range—From Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, southward to Florida; westward to California. Ascends 2500 feet altitude in Montana (Tweedy).

New England Range—Maine, rare; New Hampshire, rare; Vermont, rare; Massachusetts, frequent; Rhode Island, rare; Connecticut, frequent.

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Tipularia

Nuttall, 1818

CRANE-FLY ORCHIS

The generic name, Tipularia, refers to the flowers resembling insects of genus Tipula.

Slender scapose orchids, with solid bulbous roots; several bulbs, or generations connected by offsets. =Anther= 1. =Labellum= 3-lobed produced into a long spur backwardly. =Sepals= and =petals= similar, spreading. =Flowers= in a long, loose terminal raceme. =Anther= terminal, operculate, 2-celled. =Pollinia=, 4, 2 in each anther-sac, ovoid, waxy, separate, affixed to short stipe, glandular at base. =Stem= 15-20 inches high. =Leaf= 1, basal, arising in autumn, about September 14th, hyemal after the flowering-scape has perished. =Seed-capsule= ½ inch long, 6-ribbed.

Continental Range—From Brattleboro and Bellows Falls, Vermont, to New Jersey, Alabama, and Florida; westward to Ohio, Michigan, and Indiana. Rare in sandy woods. There are but two known species reported for the world, the following, and another, native of Asia, in the Himalayan region. The American species is slightly distinguished from the Asiatic form by the blunt tip of its labellum.

North American species north of Mexico 1 New England species 1 Hoosac Valley species 0

New England species:

1. T. unifolia (Muhlenberg) B. S. P., 1813-1888.

1.—TIPULARIA UNIFOLIA (Muhlenberg) B. S. P., 1813-1888

(Tipularia discolor, Nuttall, 1818)

CRANE-FLY ORCHIS

The specific name, unifolia, refers to the 1 leaf produced by this orchid.

Alert, small moist sandy woodland or rocky hillside orchid, with solid irregular bulb or corm-like roots. Late July-August-October.

=Flowers= green, tinged with purple, ⅓-¼ inch long, in a loose raceme, 5-10 inches long; pedicels filiform, bractless. =Labellum= 3-lobed, central lobe narrow, prolonged, dilated at apex, side-lobes short and triangular. =Spur= straight, slender, twice as long as sepals and petals, giving an insectean poise to the dull flowers. =Sepals= and =petals= narrow. =Stem= 15-20 inches high. =Leaf= 1, basal, reddish-purple, strongly veined; arising from solid bulb, about September 14th, hyemal. =Seed-capsule= ½ inch long, 6-ribbed.

Continental Range—From southern Vermont, New Hampshire, southward to Florida and Alabama; westward to Michigan and Indiana. More abundant South. Nowhere common.

New England Range—Vermont, rare; Massachusetts, rare.

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