Volume 2 (philadelphia, 1813), Pages 279-281.

Patent specifications, U.S. patent 16479.

M. MALGAIGNE, "Esquisse historique sur la saignee consideree au point de vue operatoire; extrait des lecons du Professeur Malgaigne," Revue Medico Chirurgicale de Paris, volume 9 (1851), page 123.

GARRISON, op. cit. [note 38], page 501.

Some of these studies are cited in B. M. RANDOLPH, "The Bloodletting Controversy in the Nineteenth Century," Annals of Medical History,