Part 28

467. =Least flycatcher.= EMPIDONAX MINIMUS. Rare migrant; west to eastern foothills; probably breeds, but no nests have been found.

468. =Hammond's flycatcher.= EMPIDONAX HAMMONDI. Common summer resident; comes east only to the western edge of the plains; breeds as high as 9,000 feet.

469. =Wright's flycatcher.= EMPIDONAX WRIGHTII. Abundant summer resident; breeds from 7,500 feet to 10,000.

474a. =Pallid horned lark.= OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS LEUCOLÆMA. Abundant winter resident; literature on this bird somewhat confused on account, no doubt, of its close resemblance to the next; winters on the plains abundantly, and sparsely in the mountains.

474c. =Desert horned lark.= OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS ARENICOLA. Abundant resident; winters on plains and in mountains up to 9,000 feet; breeds from plains to 13,000 feet; raises two broods.

475. =American magpie.= PICA PICA HUDSONICA. Common resident; breeds commonly on the plains and in the foothills and lower mountains; a few breed as high as 11,000 feet.

478b. =Long-crested jay.= CYANOCITTA STELLERI DIADEMATA. Common resident; seldom strays far east of the foothills; breeds from base of foothills to timber-line; winter range from edge of plains almost to 10,000 feet.

480. =Woodhouse's jay.= APHELOCOMA WOODHOUSEI. Common resident; most common along the base of foothills and lower wooded mountains; sometimes breeds as high as 8,000 feet; in fall roams up to 9,500 in special instances.

484a. =Rocky Mountain jay.= PERISOREUS CANADENSIS CAPITALIS. Common resident; remains near timber-line throughout the year.

486. =American raven.= CORVUS CORAX SINUATUS. Resident; common locally; breeds; rather of western Colorado, but visitant among eastern mountains.

487. =White-necked raven.= CORVUS CRYPTOLEUCUS. Rare resident now; formerly abundant along eastern base of the front range and a hundred miles out on the plains; now driven out by advent of white man.

488. =American crow.= CORVUS AMERICANUS. Resident; common in northeastern Colorado; rare in the rest of the State.

491. =Clark's nutcracker.= NUCIFRAGA COLUMBIANA. Abundant resident; a mountain bird; breeds from 7,000 to 12,000 feet; sometimes in fall gathers in "enormous flocks"; at that season wanders up to at least 13,000 feet; most remain in the mountains through the winter, though a few descend to the plains.

492. =Pinon jay.= CYANOCEPHALUS CYANOCEPHALUS. Resident; abundant locally; breeds almost exclusively among the pinon pines; keeps in small parties during breeding season; then gathers in large flocks; wandering up to 10,000 feet.

494. =Bobolink.= DOLICHONYX ORYZIVORUS. Rare summer visitor.

495. =Cowbird.= MOLOTHRUS ATER. Common summer resident; breeds from plains to about 8,000 feet; author saw several in South Park.

497. =Yellow-headed blackbird.= XANTHOCEPHALUS XANTHOCEPHALUS. Common summer resident; breeds in suitable places on the plains and in mountain parks.

498. =Red-winged blackbird.= AGELAIUS PHOENICEUS. Common summer resident; breeds mostly below 7,500 feet, though occasionally ascends to 9,000.

501b. =Western meadow-lark.= STURNELLA MAGNA NEGLECTA. Abundant summer resident.

506. =Orchard oriole.= ICTERUS SPURIUS. Summer visitor; rare, if not accidental.

507. =Baltimore oriole.= ICTERUS GALBULA. Marked as a rare summer resident, though no record of nesting.

508. =Bullock's oriole.= ICTERUS BULLOCKI. Abundant summer resident; breeds on plains and in mountain regions below 10,000 feet.

509. =Rusty blackbird.= SCOLECOPHAGUS CAROLINUS. Migrant; rare, if not accidental; two records.

510. =Brewer's blackbird.= SCOLECOPHAGUS CYANOCEPHALUS. Abundant summer resident.

511b. =Bronzed grackle.= QUISCALUS QUISCULA ÆNEUS. Summer resident; not uncommon locally; comes only to eastern base of mountains.

514a. =Western evening grosbeak.= COCCOTHRAUSTES VESPERTINUS MONTANUS. Resident; found every month of the year; no nests found, but evidently breeds.

515a. =Rocky Mountain pine grosbeak.= PINICOLA ENUCLEATOR MONTANA. Resident; not uncommon; most common in late summer and fall when most of them are just below timber-line; stragglers descend to foothills and plains.

517. =Purple finch.= CARPODACUS PURPUREUS. Migrant; rare, if not accidental; only one specimen, and that a female.