Appendix 309

INDEX 321

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

FIG. PAGE

1. Aged male gorilla 14

2. Ear of a male adult gorilla 17

3. The young male gorilla, from the specimen in the Berlin Aquarium of 1876–77 22

4. The same animal at a still earlier age 23

5. Ear of chimpanzee 31

6. Young chimpanzee 33

7. Head and shoulders of an aged male orang-utan 38

8. Ear of the orang-utan 39

9. Adult male orang-utan 40

10. Head of the white-handed gibbon 47

11. Ear of the white-handed gibbon 48

12. Left hand of Hylobates albimanus 49

13. Left foot of the same animal 50

14. A wauwau in the left foreground (Hylobates agilis); in the background to the right, two slender apes (Semnopithecus entellus) 51

15. Skull of an aged male gorilla in profile 56

16. Front view of the skull of an aged male gorilla 57

17. Skeleton of an aged male gorilla 65

18. Skull of an aged male chimpanzee 69

19. Skull of a very young female chimpanzee 73

20. Skeleton of the forearm and hand of the Central African bam-chimpanzee 74

21. Skeleton of foot of the Central African bam-chimpanzee 76

22. Skull of middle-aged female orang 77

23. Skeleton of young orang-utan 79

24. The Zulu king, Ketchwayo, in fighting array, with two of his men 85

25. Aidanill, hairless Australian 88

26. The same in profile 88

27. Dewan, Aidanill’s sister 90

28. Human ear 93

29. Magot (Innuus ecaudatus) 94

30. Capucin ape (Cebus capucinus) 98

31. Hand of a very aged male gorilla 103

32. Hand of a Hammegh from Roseres, on the Blue Nile 104

33. Satan’s ape (Pithecia Satanas). Shows the formation and mode of using the feet in apes of the New World 106

34. Human skull 108

35. The Neanderthal skull 115

36. Lower jaw of Moulin-Quignon 119

37. Naulette lower jaw 120

38. Lower jaw of chimpanzee 120

39. Sagittal section through the skull of a bam-chimpanzee 123

40. Human skeleton 132

41. Skeleton of an aged male gorilla 133

42. Skeleton of human hand, back view 136

43. Section through a platycnemic tibia from Cro-Magnon 138

44. Section through the tibia of a male gorilla 138

45. Section through the tibia of a male chimpanzee 138

46. Skeleton of the human foot, seen from above 140

47. Coaita (Ateles paniscus) 142

48. Muscles of the head and face of a European 151

49. Head-muscles of a Monjalese negro 152

50. Head-muscles of gorilla presented in Fig. 3 153

51. Palmar muscles of man 168

52. Palmar muscles of gorilla 169

53. Muscular system of the back of a gibbon’s hand 170

54. Muscular system of the human foot 177

55. Muscles on the upper side of chimpanzee’s foot 178

56. The brain of an orang, seen from the side 191

57. Brain of the chimpanzee, seen from above 192

58. Brain of gorilla, side view 193

59. Brain of orang, seen from above 194

60. Longitudinal section of a gorilla’s brain 196

61. Mafuca 216

62. The home of the gorilla 230

63. Climbing orang-utan, seen from behind 244

ANTHROPOID APES.