Part 20

Mammoth, adapted to a cold climate, 134 Alaskan Live, Story, 190 believed to live underground, 178 bones taken for those of giants, 185 contemporary with man, 189 derivation of name, 178 description, 179 discovery of entire specimens, 183, 187 distribution, 184, 186 drawn by early man, 189, 197* entire specimens obtainable, 194 reasons for extermination, 188 killing of the, 177 literature on, 197 misconception as to size, 179 mounted skeleton, 179 not now living, 190 preservation of remains, 187 skeletons in Alaska, 181, 195

Mammoth, in Chicago Academy of Sciences, 179 at St. Petersburg, 183* restoration, 176* size, 179, 180, 181 size of tusks, 181, 196 teeth, 196, 199* teeth dredged in North Sea, 184 tusks brought into market, 188, 189

Man contemporary with Mammoth, 189 fossil, 13 of Guadeloupe, 13

Manatees killed by cold, 230

Marsh, Prof. O. C., collection of fossil horses, 176 on Dinosaurs, 222 on toothed birds, 79, 89

Mastodon, bones taken for those of giants, 205 thought to be carnivorous, 206 covering, 210 description, 210 distribution, 203, 210, 212 extinction, 212 literature, 218 and man, 215, 216 first noticed in America, 204 origin unknown, 202 remains abundant, 208, 209 remains in Ulster and Orange counties, New York, 204, 206 restoration, 210*

Mastodon, size, 211 skeletons on exhibition, 218 species, 203 teeth, 198, 199,* 218 tusks, 199, 200

Mesohippus, 167

Mimicry, not conscious, 128

Missourium of Koch, 207,* 208

Moas, collections of, 156, 157 contemporary with man, 143, 144 deductions from distribution, 143 destruction of, 143, 144 discovery of bones, 140 elephant-footed, 142 feathers of, 141 Giant, 141 supposed food of, 142 legends of, 139, 140 literature, 158 scientific names, 146 size of, 141 species of, 141

Moloch, an Australian lizard, 100*

Mosasaurs, abundance of, in Kansas, 52 books on, 69 collections of, 68 extinction of, 56 first discovery, 50 jaw of, 54*

Mosasaurs, range of, 49 restoration, 52* size of, 49, 50

Mylodon tracks at Carson City, 45

Names, scientific, reasons for using, xvi, xvii

Nature, balance of, 238

Nuts, fossil, 11

Oldest animals, 21 vertebrates, 19, 22

Ostrich egg, 147

Over-specialization, 221, 222

Peale, C. W., 205

Peale, Rembrandt, 205, 206

Pelican, mandible, 53

Penguins, depend on fat for warmth, 127 feathers highly modified, 128 swim with wings, 80

Petrified bodies, 10

Phororhacos, description of, 149 mistaken for mammal, 149 Patagonian bird, 148 related to heron family, 152 restoration, frontispiece skull, 150, 151*

Protohippus, 166