Part 20

Charnay, Desiré, his account of Mitla, 121, 122.

Chronology of the Mexican race, 203-4; of the Peruvians, 265-6.

Civilization, antiquity of, underrated, 181-2, 273.

Cloth of Mound-Builders, fragments of, 41.

Coin among the Muyscas, 271.

“Coliseum” at Copan, 114.

Columbus and the Mayas, 209-10.

Copan, its ruins situated in wild region, 111; first discovered in 1576, and were then mysterious to the natives, 93, 111; what Mr. Stephens saw there, 111, 112; what Palacios found there 300 years ago, 113, 114; the inscriptions, monoliths, and decorations, 112; seems older than Palenque, 112, 113, 155.

Copper of Lake Superior described, 43.

Coronado’s conquest of “Cevola,” 85, 86.

Cortez invades Mexico, 210; his progress, 210-11; well received at the city of Mexico, 211; driven from the city, 213; how the city was taken, 213-14; it was immediately rebuilt, 214; the plaza made of part of the inclosure of the great temple, 214; Cortez could not have invented the temple, 215.

Cross, the, not originally a Christian emblem, 109; vastly older than Christianity as a symbolic device, 109, 110; common in Central American ruins, 109; the assumption that it was first used as a Christian emblem has misled inquiry as to the age and origin of antiquities, 110.

Cuzco, Montesinos on its name, 227; was probably built by the Incas on the site of a ruined city of the older times, 226-7; the ruins at Cuzco, 226, 234-5.

Egyptian pyramids totally unlike those in America, 183; no resemblance between Egyptians and the Mexican race, 183.

Ethnology, American, discussed, 65-9; South Americans the oldest aborigines, 68, 69, 185; Huxley’s suggestion, 69.

Gallatin, Albert, on Mound-Builders, 34.

Garcilasso partly of Inca blood, 258; not well qualified to write a history of Peru, 258-9; he began with the fable of Manco-Capac, and confined all history to the Incas, 259-61; was received as an “authority,” 269; his influence has misdirected Peruvian studies, 269.

Gila, valley of, its ruins, 82.

Gold the most common metal in Peru, 250; astonishing abundance of Peruvian gold-work, 249-50; their gardens made of gold, 250; amount of gold sent from Peru to Spain, 238, 250; gold calendar found recently at Cuzco, 236.

Herrara[TN-7] on the buildings in Yucatan, 149.

Huehue-Tlapalan, from which the Toltecs went to Mexico, 57, 75, 201-3; supposed to be the Mississippi and Ohio valleys, 202, 203; described in old Central American books, 202; the Toltecs driven from Huehue-Tlapalan by the Chichimecs, or wild Indians, 203; it was at a distance northeast of Mexico, 201, 202; Cabrera and others on Huehue-Tlapalan, 202.

Humboldt on Phœnician symbols in America, 186; on the origin of the Aztecs, 218; on Peruvian great roads, 245; on books of hieroglyphics found in Peru, 246, 255; describes the pyramid of Papantla, 91, 92.

Huxley on American ethnology, 69.

Incas of Peru, origin of the title, 267; they represent only the last period of Peruvian history, 261; their dynasty began 500 years or less before the Conquest, 260-1; list of the Incas, 261; Manco-Capac a fable, 260-1.

Indians of North America, vain endeavors to connect them with the Mound-Builders, 62; came toward the Atlantic from the northwest, 59; the Iroquois group may have come first, 58; their distribution relative to the Algonquins, 59, 60; date of Algonquin migration estimated, 60; these Indians resemble the Koraks and Chookchees, 65, 185; they are entirely distinct from Mound-Builders and Pueblos, 60, 65; their barbarism original, 61.

“Inscription Rock,” 78.

Inscriptions in Central America written in Maya characters, 196; written perhaps in an old form of speech from which the Maya family of dialects was derived, 196; attempts to decipher them, 292.

Iron, names for, in ancient Peru, 248.