Chapter IX.. [322] Reference, Green, _short History_, Pp. 370-376, 392-405.

Reference, Green, Short History, pp. 370-376, 392-405.

For English mariners and their voyages and conflicts with Spain, see Froude's English Seamen in the Fifteenth Century. The account of Drake's voyage is on pp. 75-103. See also "The Famous Voyage of Sir Francis Drake," by one of Drake's gentlemen at arms, in E.J. Payne's Voyages of Elizabethan Seamen to America, Vol. I, pp. 196-229, Oxford, 1893.

See above, p. 62.

Reference for life and death of Mary Stuart, Green, Short History, pp. 379-392, 416-417.

References, Green, Short History of the English People, pp. 418-420; Froude, English Seamen, pp. 176-228.

Reference, Johnson, Europe in the Sixteenth Century, Chapter VII, §§ 1 and 3.

See above, pp. 419-420.

Reference, Wakeman, Europe from 1598-1715, Chapter III.

Wallenstein (b. 1583) had been educated in the Catholic faith, although he came of a family with Hussite sympathies.

Reference, Wakeman, Europe from 1598-1715, Chapter IV.

Reference, Wakeman, Europe from 1598-1715, Chapter V.

See above, p. 452.

Reference, Wakeman, Europe from 1598-1715, Chapter VI. For a brief and excellent review of the whole war, see Schwill, Modern Europe, pp. 141-160.

See above, p. 467.

See above, p. 273.

See the translators' dedication to James I in the authorized version of the Bible. Only recently has it been deemed necessary to revise the remarkable work of the translators of the early seventeenth century. Modern scholars discovered very few serious mistakes in this authorized version, but found it expedient for the sake of clearness to modernize a number of words and expressions.

See Lee, Source-book of English History, pp. 348-352.

See Lee, Source-book of English History, pp. 352-355, for the first writ of ship money.

See above, p. 426, n. 1.

The name Puritan, it should be noted, was applied loosely to the English Protestants, whether Low Churchmen, Presbyterians, or Independents, who aroused the antagonism of their neighbors by advocating a godly life and opposing popular pastimes, especially on Sunday.

Reference, Green, Short History, pp. 595-614. For a contemporary account of Puritans, see Readings, Chapter XXX.

Reference, Lee, Source-book of English History, pp. 355-357.

Reference for Cromwell's early career and his generalship, Green, Short History, pp. 554-559.

For charge against the king, etc., see Lee, Source-book of English History, pp. 364-372.

Reference, Green, Short History, pp. 580-588, 594-600.

See below, p. 502.

Reference, Wakeman, Europe from 1598-1715, Chapter VII.

Louis does not appear to have himself used the famous expression, "I am the state," usually attributed to him, but it exactly corresponds to his idea of the relation of the king and the state.

Reference, Perkins, France under the Regency, pp. 129-141.

Reference, Perkins, France under the Regency, Chapter IV.

Reference, Perkins, France under the Regency, pp. 141-147.

See above, pp. 488 and 492, 493.

See below, pp. 517-518.

Reference, Perkins, France under the Regency, Chapter VI.

The title Tsar, or Czar, was formerly supposed to be connected with Cæsar (German, Kaiser), i.e., emperor, but this appears to have been a mistake.

References, Schwill, Modern Europe, pp. 215-230; Wakeman, European History from 1598-1715, pp. 300-308.

See above, p. 196.

The title King of Prussia appeared preferable to the more natural King of Brandenburg, because Prussia lay wholly without the empire, and consequently its king was not in any sense subject to the emperor but was wholly independent. Since western Prussia still belonged to Poland in 1701 the new king satisfied himself at first with the title, King in Prussia.

Reference, Schwill, Modern Europe, pp. 230-238.

Reference, Schwill, Modern Europe, pp. 238-247.

Reference, Hassall, The Balance of Power, pp. 18, 19, 303-317. See map below, p. 584.

The last instance in which an English ruler vetoed a measure passed by Parliament was in 1707.

See above, pp. 278-280.

Originally there had been but seven electors (see above, p. 372), but the duke of Bavaria had been made an elector during the Thirty Years' War, and in 1692 the father of George I had been permitted to assume the title of Elector of Hanover.

Wolsey, it will be remembered, had advanced the same reason in Henry VIII's time for England's intervention in continental wars. See above, p. 428.

Except in 1718-1720, when she joined an alliance against Spain, and her admiral, Byng, destroyed the Spanish fleet.

Derived from Jacobus, the Latin for James. The name was applied to the adherents of James II and of his son and grandson, the elder and younger pretenders to the throne.

It will be remembered that the children of James II by his second and Catholic wife, Mary of Modena, were excluded from the throne at the accession of William and Mary. See genealogical table on preceding page.

The Dutch occupation of a portion of the coast of North America was brought to an end, as has been mentioned, by the English. See above, p. 492.

For the settlement of the English and French in North America, see Morris, The History of Colonization, Vol. I, Chapter X, and Vol. II,