Section 2.--Sour.

SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.

=Beeler's Russet.=

Origin not known. Found in an old orchard on the banks of White River, in Marion County, Indiana, by my lamented young friend, Geo. M. Beeler.

Fruit medium to small, round, truncated or cylindrical, inclined; Surface russeted; Dots minute, prominent.

Basin abrupt, uneven, green; Eye medium, closed.

Cavity regular; Stem long.

Core large, wide, heart-shaped, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular; Flesh yellow, crisp, fine-grained, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid to acid, aromatic, spicy, very agreeable; Quality best; Use, table, kitchen; Season, November, December.

A choice dessert apple.

=Columbian Russet.=

The origin of this fine, long-keeping russet is not known. Specimens were received from H.N. Gillett, Lawrence County, Ohio. If the tree be healthy and productive, this variety will be a valuable addition to our orchards.

Fruit medium to small, round, truncated, lop-sided; Surface smooth, russeted; Dots minute, scattered, prominent.

Basin medium, regular; Eye large, open.

Cavity acute, regular; Stem, long, slender.

Core medium, closed, pyriform, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, slender, angular, dark; Flesh very yellow, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid, rich, aromatic; Quality best; Use, table; Season, February to April.

Very like the Golden Pearmain, from J.S. Downer, which see; they may prove to be the same variety.

=Court of Wyck.=

This spicy English apple, which has so many synonyms as evidences of its popularity, has not been a favorite in this country, but occasionally succeeds well; it has little to recommend it in its looks.

Fruit very small, round, truncated abruptly, much flattened, regular; Surface yellow, covered russet.

Basin wide, very shallow; Eye small, open; Segments reflexed.

Cavity rather wide; Stem long, slender.

Core small, ovate, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, large, brown; Flesh rich yellow, firm, juicy; Flavor acid, aromatic, rich, spicy, sharp; Quality good in its way; Use, "dessert;" Season, December, January.

=Crownest.=

Originated at Kelley's Island, Ohio, in the orchard of Chas. Carpenter.

Tree vigorous, thrifty, brushy, productive.

Fruit full medium, round, truncated or flattened, often unequal and inclined; Surface greenish yellow, thinly covered with russet.

Basin regular, wide; Eye large, open.

Cavity irregular, lipped; Stem short, curved, fleshy.

Core round, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds long, pointed, angular; Flesh green, tender, breaking; Flavor sub-acid; Quality only good for culinary uses; Season, November to January.

=English Golden.=

RUSSET GOLDEN, of Barry.

Among the russets there has been much confusion, which it is very difficult to clear up. The apple about to be described came to the West from the nurseries about Rochester; a very superior variety to many others that resemble it, and may be distinguished by the palate, or by the character of the twigs.

Tree thrifty, vigorous, spreading, productive, a rather early bearer; Shoots slender, olive, speckled.

Fruit medium, round, large ones are oblate, often cylindrical, sometimes inclined, regular; Surface greenish yellow, covered with thick russet; Dots minute, white, scattered.

Basin regular, deep, leather-cracked; Eye small, closed.

Cavity wide, regular, rough; Stem short.

Core wide, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds small, flat; Flesh greenish yellow, breaking, granular, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich; Quality good to best; Use, table, kitchen; Season, January, February.

A choice dessert fruit. Succeeds well in parts of Kentucky.

=English Russet.=

Origin unknown. Procured from Mr. C.C. Cary, near Louisville, Kentucky.

Fruit large, globular, flattened, somewhat one-sided; Surface uneven, green; Dots minute, russety and russet streaks.

Basin medium, uneven; Eye small, closed.

Cavity acute, wavy, russeted; Stem medium, green.

Core medium, heart-shaped, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump and angular, some imperfect; Flesh yellow, firm, breaking, juicy; Flavor acid; Quality good; Use, kitchen; Season, December, January.

=Golden Pearmain.=--[Of Kentucky.]

This is another very promising Southern variety, received from J.S. Downer, of Kentucky; Origin unknown; he procured it from Tennessee.

Tree vigorous, but tardy and shy in bearing; Shoots stout, dark; Foliage medium.

Fruit small to medium, globular, rather conical, truncated, lop-sided; Surface yellow, blushed and russeted.

Basin abrupt, wide, regular; Eye large, open.

Cavity acute, regular; Stem short to medium, slender.

Core somewhat open, meeting the eye; Seeds plump and imperfect; Flesh yellow, breaking, fine-grained; Flavor acid, aromatic, sprightly; Quality very good, almost best; Use, dessert; Season, December, February.--See Columbian Russet.

=Green Russet.=--[N.C.]

Specimens from Reuben Ragan.

Fruit quite large, globular, slightly oblate, regular; Surface yellow, blushed dull red; Dots green, indented, russet veined.

Basin medium, regular; Eye medium, open.

Cavity deep, acute, regular, brown; Stem medium, thick.

Core regular, wide, closed, clasping; Axis short; Seeds numerous, plump, dark; Flesh yellowish white, breaking, granular; Flavor sub-acid; Quality only good, for culinary use; Season, December, January.

=Hampton's Russet.=

Fruit small, globular-truncate, to flat; Surface yellow russet, bronzed, broken russet stripes; Dots scattered, large, yellow.

Basin wide, regular; Eye large, open, green.

Cavity medium, regular, brown; Stem long, inclined.

Core medium, round, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, pointed, brown; Flesh yellow, tender, breaking, fine-grained; Flavor sub-acid, rich; Quality good; Use, table; Season, December.

=Knox Russet.=

A very nice little apple, found in the orchard of J. Knox, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; trees obtained from near Greensburgh, Pennsylvania. Tree spreading, very productive; Shoots slender.

Fruit small to medium, globular, somewhat conic, regular; Surface smooth, yellow green, blushed, covered with light russet.

Basin shallow, regular; Eye medium, open; Segments reflexed.

Cavity deep, acute, regular; Stem long, red.

Core round, regular, slightly open, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, short, plump; Flesh yellow, very fine-grained; Flavor mild sub-acid, aromatic; Quality good to very good; Use, dessert; Season, December, January.

=Pryor's Red.=

This southern apple, probably from Virginia, has been carried through all the Western States, where it is a great favorite, though there are some objectors, on account of its having shown signs of failure in certain situations. The fruit is singularly affected by change of soil and climate; thus, on the Ohio River, it is seen quite flat and regular, with a dull green russeted skin, becoming yellow and ruddy; in one part of the State of Indiana, on limestone, it is gibbous, round, often very large, and covered with a rich cinnamon russet, while on the coal measures, west of the center of the State, it is smaller, regular, and distinctly striped deep red on red, with very little russet. Specimens from Rochester, New York, have been shown with scarcely a trace of russet, and having the stripes as distinct and almost as beautiful as those of a Duchess of Oldenburgh, so that no southern or western man would have recognized it for his home favorite. The distinctive leather-cracking about the eye was present, however, in all.

Tree thrifty, growth upright, twiggy, attaining large size, productive when old; Shoots slender, reddish olive, speckled; Foliage scattering, folded, grayish green; Subject to leaf-blight.

Fruit large, globular-oblate, often unequal; Surface greenish, or dull red, striped, russeted; Dots numerous, large, gray.

Basin shallow, regular or plaited, leather-cracked; Eye small, closed.

Cavity shallow, acute, often lipped; Stem medium.

Core round, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, angular, pointed; Flesh yellow, tender, melting, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich; Quality best; Use, table, kitchen; Season, December, February.

=Red Russet.=

Origin Hampton Falls, New Hampshire.

Tree very vigorous and productive; resembling Baldwin in almost every particular.

"Fruit large, roundish, conic; Skin yellow, shaded with dull red and deep carmine in the sun, and thickly covered with gray dots, and an appearance of rough russet on most of the surface; Stalk rather short and thick, inserted in a medium cavity, surrounded with thin russet; Calyx nearly closed; Segments long, recurved, in a narrow, uneven basin; Flesh yellow, solid, crisp, tender, with an excellent, rich, sub-acid flavor, somewhat resembling Baldwin; Season, January to April."--Downing.

This fruit is rarely seen in the West. It has been thought by some to have originated as a sport from the Baldwin.

=Rolen's Keeper.=

Received from H.N. Gillett, Lawrence County, Ohio. Origin not given.

Fruit medium, round, regular; Surface rough, splashed red on russet; Dots scattered, small, white.

Basin shallow, regular, leather-cracked; Eye small, closed.

Cavity deep, acute, regular; Stem long, slender.

Core roundish-ovate, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds very numerous, short, plump; Flesh greenish yellow, fine-grained; Flavor acid, rich; Quality good to very good; Use, table; Season, March, April.

Very promising as a keeper.

=Rustycoat Milam.=

Fruit medium, globular, conic, regular; Surface russeted; Dots minute, prominent.

Basin narrow, abrupt, shallow; Eye small, closed.

Cavity acute, regular; Stem medium to long.

Core medium, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, pointed, plump; Flesh greenish yellow, breaking, fine-grained, tender; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality good; Use, table; Season, December to February.

* * * * *

CLASS III.--ROUND APPLES.

+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+