Part 4

22. Witch-hazel (Hamamelis virginiana), leaves, flowers, and capsules 27

23. American mountain-ash (Sorbus americana), leaves and fruits 29

24. Wild cherry (Prunus serotina), trunk 30

25. Wild cherry (Prunus serotina), leaves, flowers, and fruits 30

26. Southern prickly ash (Xanthoxylum clava-herculis), trunk 32

27. Southern prickly ash (Xanthoxylum clava-herculis), leaves, fruits, and branchlet showing prickles 32

28. Wafer-ash (Ptelea trifoliata), leaves and fruits 33

29. Black alder (Ilex verticillata), fruits 34

30. Wahoo (Euonymus atropurpureus), leaves and fruits 35

31. False bittersweet (Celastrus scandens), leaves, flowers, and fruits 36

32. Horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), trunk 37

33. Horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), leaves and fruits 37

34. Cascara sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana), five-year-old tree 38

35. Cascara sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana), leaves and fruits 39

36. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), leaves, flowers, and bolls 41

37. Dogwood (Cornus florida), trunk 42

38. Dogwood (Cornus florida), leaves, flowers, and fruits 42

39. Moosewood (Dirca palustris), leaves and flowers 43

40. White ash (Fraxinus americana), trunk 44

41. White ash (Fraxinus americana), leaves and fruits 44

42. Fringe-tree (Chionanthus virginica), leaves and flowers 45

43. Bittersweet (Solanum dulcamara), leaves, flowers, and fruits 46

44. Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), leaves and flowers 47

45. Black haw and nanny-berry (Viburnum prunifolium and V. lentago), leaves and flowers 49

B. P. I.—424.

AMERICAN MEDICINAL BARKS.

INTRODUCTION.

Among the manifold uses of the trees of our forests not the least important is the utilization of their barks for medicinal purposes.