Part 44

Stems 1—2 feet high, round, slightly striate and tinged with red, smooth below, more or less hairy in lines above. Basal leaves smooth except the hairy-fringed margins, thin, distantly serrate or subentire, tapering into wing-margined petioles, oblanceolate-acute, 4—8 inches long; the upper oblong or lanceolate sessile. Heads about ½ an inch high, ½—¾ of an inch in diameter, rather few in an open panicle; involucral bracts linear, fringed with hairs on the margins, the upper part foliaceous and the outer somewhat spreading; rays numerous ½ an inch long, light blue.

In moist, more or less shaded places, edges of woods and thickets, throughout the Rockies; flowering in late July and August.

Simple, stem smooth, with sparing, erect, flowering branches. Leaves few, broadly lanceolate to oblong or spatulate, entire or nearly so, the lower tapering into winged petioles. Heads solitary or few, on naked peduncles; involucre ⅓ of an inch high, or less; bracts linear-lanceolate, loose, all equalling the disc; rays violet or purple, nearly ½ an inch long.

In wet places and along streams throughout the Rockies; flowering during July and August.

Slightly hairy or smooth, simple or somewhat branched, 18 inches to 2 feet high, bright green. Leaves thin, ovate-oblong to broadly lanceolate, 2—4 inches long, loosely veined, tapering at the apex into a slender-spined tip, the larger sometimes with a few small acute teeth. Heads ½ an inch high, hemispherical, either racemosely disposed on slender axillary peduncles, or somewhat cymose; involucral bracts mostly acute or acuminate, some outer ones loose, narrow, and partly herbaceous, or with loose pointed tips; inner purplish; rays about ½ an inch long, spreading, violet or pinkish.

In open woods and on slopes, principally in the Rockies at the higher elevations; flowering during July.

Rough-hairy throughout, stems simple or sparingly branched, often tufted, 1—3 feet high. Leaves thick, sparingly serrate with low teeth or entire, lanceolate or oblong, the lower and basal ones petioled, mostly obtuse, 3—5-nerved, 2—7 inches long, ½—2 inches wide, the upper sessile, narrower, acute or acutish. Heads commonly few or solitary, 2—4 inches broad; rays 10—20, deep yellow or orange; bracts of the involucre very rough-hairy; spreading or reflexed, much shorter than the rays; disc globose-ovoid, purple-brown.

Throughout the region, not infrequent along the railway from Field west to the valley of the Columbia at Beavermouth; flowering in July and August.

Stems simple or a little branched, rough-hairy or only slightly so, 1—8 feet high. Leaves thick, leathery, serrate, rough-hairy on both sides, 2—7 inches long, ½—2 inches wide, acute at the apex, narrowed at the base, the lower ovate or ovate-oblong, petioled, the upper lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, sessile or short-petioled, all opposite, or the uppermost bract-like and alternate. Heads solitary or few, 2—3 inches broad, involucre hemispheric, its bracts ovate, acute or obtuse, fringed with hairs; disc brown or purple; rays 15—25, light yellow.

Frequent along the railway in the valley of the Kicking Horse River and in the valley of the Columbia at Beavermouth; flowering in August.

Stem smooth, except the summit which is soft-hairy, slender, mostly simple, 2—4 feet high. Leaves rough on both surfaces, lanceolate or the upper linear, 3—6 inches long, ¼—¾ of an inch wide, frequently opposite, serrulate or entire. Heads ½ an inch high, scattered; bracts of the involucre linear-lanceolate with a subulate tip, hairy at the base; rays narrow, acute, deep yellow, 1—1½ inches long.

In moist grounds and on river banks throughout the Rockies at the lower altitudes; flowering during July.

b Gaillardia aristata Pursh. (⅗ Nat.) Great-flowered Gaillardia.]

Rough-hairy, stems simple or little branched, 1—3 feet high. Leaves firm, densely and finely hairy, the lower basal ones petioled, oblong or spatulate, laciniate-pinnatifid or entire, mostly obtuse, 2—5 inches long; upper leaves sessile, lanceolate or oblong, entire or dentate, rarely pinnatifid. Heads 1½-4 inches broad, long peduncled; bracts of the involucre spreading, lanceolate, acuminate, rough-hairy, rays 10—18, bright yellow, wedge-shaped, deeply 3-lobed; disc reddish-purple.

One of the most showy of the midsummer plants, in the lower valleys of the Rockies, in dry ground and on slopes, especially in the Bow Valley at Banff and in the open country around Golden.

Somewhat hairy, stem simple or sparingly branched, 1—2 feet high. Leaves hairy, the basal ovate or orbicular, obtuse or acute, deeply cordate at the base, dentate, 1—3 inches long with slender sometimes margined petioles; stem leaves in 1—3 pairs, ovate or oblong, sessile or short-petioled, much smaller. Heads 1—8, 2—3 inches broad, bracts of the involucre, acute or acuminate, ½—¾ of an inch long; rays 12—16, deep yellow, an inch or more long, toothed at the apex; pappus white.

In woods and thickets at the lower altitudes throughout the Rockies; flowering in June.

Smooth, slender and branched, 6—12 inches high. Leaves with short glandular hairs on both surfaces or smooth, the basal broadly ovate, petioled, dentate, 3-ribbed; stem-leaves about 2 pairs, similar, the upper sessile. Heads several on slender glandular peduncles, disc ½ an inch or less high; involucral bracts, 12—15, lanceolate, acuminate, glandular-hairy as are also the seeds; pappus white; rays about ¾ of an inch long, narrow, bright yellow with a single notch at the apex.

On alpine slopes throughout the Rockies; flowering in July, not common.

b Arnica louiseana Farr. Pale-Flowered Arnica. (⅗ Nat.)]

Minutely hairy or nearly smooth, simple or branched. Leaves thin, nearly smooth, or with long scattered hairs; the lower cordate; stem leaves in 2—3 pairs, equal, ovate or oval, sharply dentate, closely sessile by the broad base, or the lowest with contracted bases. Heads ¾ of an inch high on long, slender, hairy peduncles; involucral bracts ½ an inch or more long; oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, with scattered hairs, rays yellow, ¾ of an inch long, with 2 notches at the apex; achenes nearly smooth; pappus white.

Throughout the region in woods and open ground usually at an elevation of 5000 to 7000 feet; flowering during July.

From lightly hairy to densely so or nearly smooth, 1—2 feet high. Leaves rather thin, hairy, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, dentate or denticulate, acute or obtuse, lowest tapering into a margined petiole, upper broad at the base and somewhat clasping. Heads ½ an inch or more high, single or several on hairy peduncles; involucral bracts ⅓ of an inch or more long, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, glandular-hairy; rays bright yellow, ½ an inch or more long with a single notch at the apex, rather broad; achenes with a few scattered hairs; pappus tawny.

On the borders of streams and wet places at the lower altitudes throughout the region; flowering in July.

Slender, hairy, 3—8 inches high. Leaves in about 3 pairs, the two lowest at the base of the stem, 1½—2 inches long, elliptical or obovate, entire or denticulate, glandular-hairy on both surfaces, as are the margins. Heads of flowers, 1—3, nearly half an inch broad, on long, slender, nodding, hairy peduncles; rays 8—10, light yellow, about ½ an inch long; involucre ⅓ of an inch high, campanulate, densely glandular-hairy at the base, brownish-purple, the bracts lanceolate, acute, with scattered white hairs; pappus white.

Among loose stones at the base of Mt. Fairview at Lake Louise; flowering in July.

Glandular-hairy throughout, 8—12 inches high. Leaves oblong lanceolate to lanceolate, acute, the lower denticulate and petioled, the upper sessile and entire. Heads of flowers several on long, slender, glandular-hairy peduncles; involucres campanulate, ½ an inch high, bracts lanceolate acute, glandular and with long white hairs; rays bright yellow ¾—1 inch long, ¼ of an inch wide, twice notched at the apex; achenes hairy; pappus white.

On stony alpine slopes at the higher altitudes throughout the Rockies; flowering in July.