Part 41

CAMPANULACEÆ

Bellflower Family

Herbs with alternate simple leaves, usually milky juice, and perfect flowers; calyx mostly 5-lobed; corolla regular or irregular, the tube entire or deeply cleft on one side, its limb 5-lobed, regular or more or less 2-lipped; stamens 5, alternate with the corolla lobes.

Smooth or nearly so, simple, 1—6 inches high. Leaves linear or linear-oblong, acute, sessile, thickish entire or sparingly dentate, ¾—1½ inches long or the lower and basal ones spatulate, obtuse and narrowed into petioles. Flowers erect, calyx tube top-shaped, smooth or hairy, shorter than or equalling the lobes; corolla narrowly campanulate, ⅓—½ an inch long, bright blue, with 5 slightly spreading lanceolate lobes.

Alpine summits in the Rockies not common; flowering in July.

Smooth or nearly so, stems erect or spreading, often several from the same root, simple or branched, 6 inches to 2 feet high. Basal leaves nearly orbicular or broadly ovate, usually heart-shaped and slender petioled, ¼—1 inch wide, dentate or entire, often wanting at flowering time; stem leaves linear or linear-oblong acute, mostly entire and sessile or the lower narrowed into short petioles and somewhat spatulate. Flowers several or numerous in racemes, drooping or spreading, slender pedicelled; calyx lobes hair-like, spreading, longer than the tube, corolla bright blue, campanulate, ½—1 inch long.

On moist rocks or stony places, on slides or gravelly stream banks, frequent throughout the region; flowering during most of the summer.

Smooth throughout or slightly hairy below; stem simple or slightly branched, erect, leafy, 4—8 inches high. Leaves basal, small, ¼—½ an inch long, obovate, hairy; stem leaves linear. Flowers light blue or white, ⅓ or nearly ½ an inch long on erect pedicels slightly more than their own length; petals 5, the two upper erect, ⅛ of an inch long, very slender, the 3 lower broader, ¼ of an inch long and spreading, in loose racemes, lower bracts linear-lanceolate, the upper hair-like.

On wet banks or wet gravelly or sandy ground at the lower altitudes throughout the Rockies, abundant locally; flowering in July.

CICHORIACEÆ

Chicory Family

Herbs almost always with milky juice, alternate or basal leaves and yellow or rarely pink, blue, purple, or white flowers in involucrate heads; bracts of the involucre in 1 to several series; flowers all alike and perfect; corolla with a short or long tube and a strap-shaped (ligulate) usually 5-toothed limb (ray).

Heads solitary; leaves all basal. Achenes smooth at the apex. =Agoseris.= Achenes spinulose at the apex. =Taraxacum.= Heads several; leaves not all basal. Achenes flattened. Flowers yellow. =Sonchus.= Flowers blue. =Lactuca.= Achenes rounded. Pappus white. =Crepis.= Pappus tawny. =Hieracium.=

Pale and smooth throughout or a little woolly below. Leaves linear-lanceolate or oblong, entire, dentate or pinnatifid, 2—10 inches long, acuminate. Scapes stout, smooth or slightly hairy, longer than the leaves, 6—18 inches high, head 1—2 inches broad, rays bright yellow, involucre oblong, campanulate, usually smooth.

Open grounds and on grassy alpine slopes and in meadows; flowering during June and July.

b Agoseris aurantiaca (Hook.) Greene. (⅔ Nat.)]

Nearly smooth, not glaucous. Leaves oblanceolate, obtuse, entire or with lanceolate lobes toward the base, narrowed into slender petioles, 4—8 inches long. Scapes longer than the leaves, smooth below, woolly at the top; involucre ½—¾ of an inch high, bracts lanceolate, more or less woolly, flowers orange or copper-coloured.

In open ground and alpine meadows throughout the region; flowering in midsummer.

Smooth, leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate entire, 6—8 inches long, acute. Scapes slender, 10—18 inches high, woolly at the summit; involucre ½—¾ of an inch long, bracts narrow, smooth with hairy-fringed margins; flowers deep orange.

In grassy alpine meadows throughout the Rockies at the higher altitudes; flowering during July.

Root thick and deep. Leaves oblong to spatulate in outline, usually rough-hairy at least when young, acute or obtuse, pinnatifid, sinuate-dentate or rarely nearly entire, rather succulent, 3—10 inches long, ½—2½ inches wide, narrowed into petioles. Scapes erect, 2—18 inches high, head 1—2 inches broad, containing very numerous golden yellow flowers, inner bracts of the involucre, linear or linear-lanceolate, the outer similar, shorter, not glaucous, reflexed, acute; achenes greenish brown.

In waste places and open ground throughout the region, along roadsides and near the railway; established as a weed; flowering in early summer.

Smooth; scapes and leaves from the crown of a thick, vertical root. Leaves spatulate, oblong, nearly entire or runcinately-toothed, obtuse, the teeth shallow and simple, 3—4 inches long, ½—¾ of an inch wide. Flowers bright orange or yellow on smooth scapes, 4—8 inches high; involucral bracts all appressed, in 2-series, the outer ovate to lanceolate, frequently reddish; inner ones narrowly lanceolate.

Throughout the Rockies in the lower valleys and slopes; flowering in early June.

Stems smooth, leafy below, branched and nearly naked above, 2—4 feet high. Lower and basal leaves runcinate-pinnatifid, often 12 inches long, spinulose dentate, narrowed into short petioles, the upper pinnatifid or entire, clasping. Flowers bright yellow, numerous in showy heads, 1—2 inches broad; involucre nearly an inch high.

An introduced weed, occurring more or less frequently along the line of the railway throughout the region; a showy plant when in flower, during the early part of the day.

Smooth throughout and somewhat glaucous; stem rather slender and leafy, 1—3 feet high. Leaves linear-lanceolate, lanceolate or oblong, acute, entire, dentate, lobed or pinnatifid, 2—8 inches long. Flowers bright blue or violet in numerous heads ½ an inch or more broad, in an open panicle.

Frequent along the railway in moist open places throughout the region; flowering in midsummer.