Part 39

Commonly hairy with weak cobwebby hairs, a foot or less high. Leaves linear to lanceolate or the upper ovate-lanceolate. Flowers in dense leafy-bracted spikes; bracts oval or obovate, partly white or yellowish, cobwebby-hairy, equalling the corolla; calyx 2-cleft, the lobes oblong or lanceolate, corolla ½—1 inch long; galea not exceeding the calyx.

In moist open grounds at the higher altitudes throughout the Rockies; flowering in July.

A foot or two high, mostly simple and strict, smooth or nearly so. Leaves lanceolate or linear or the upper ovate-lanceolate acute, entire or rarely 3-cleft. Flowers in a dense, short, hairy spike; bracts from lanceolate to oval, mostly bright red or crimson, occasionally pinkish, rarely whitish, seldom lobed; calyx lobes lanceolate, acutely 2-cleft; corolla over an inch long; galea exserted, linear, longer than the tube.

In moist alpine meadows throughout the Rockies; flowering in July.

Perennial with a long creeping rootstock, not growing in clumps, 1—2 feet high, sparingly close-hairy or nearly smooth, very leafy. Leaves lanceolate; often acuminate, 1½—2½ inches long, rather firm, 3-veined, the upper seldom if ever cleft. Flowers in a compact terminal head; bracts bright scarlet, oblong, obtuse; calyx 1 inch long, crimson or scarlet with a green base about equally cleft; corolla yellowish-green, ½ an inch longer than the calyx.

In moist open woods throughout the Rockies at the lower altitudes on the eastern slope; flowering in June and July.

Annual, rough-hairy; stems stout, erect, branched above or simple, 6—18 inches high, densely leafy. Leaves erect or ascending, linear or lanceolate, entire or sometimes 3-cleft, 1—1½ inches long, sessile, long acuminate; bracts of the dense spike lanceolate, broader and shorter than the leaves, entire or 3-cleft, green, mostly longer than the flowers. Flowers bright yellow, an inch long or less, the upper lip ovate, obtuse, about as long as the sac-like 3-toothed lower one.

In open ground in the lower valleys throughout the region as far west as the valley of the Columbia River at Beavermouth; flowering throughout the summer.

Whole plant usually purple, smooth; stem simple, erect, 1—1½ feet high. Leaves alternate, lanceolate in outline, pinnately parted or the lower pinnately divided into lanceolate, acute, crenulate, or incised segments, the upper sessile, the lower slender-petioled 2—6 inches long. Flowers in a very dense spike 1—6 inches long; calyx short, acutish; corolla red or purple, the galea produced into a slender beak ½—¾ of an inch long, which is decurved against the lower lip and upwardly recurved beyond it; body of the corolla about ¼ of an inch long.

In open bogs and wet alpine meadows at the higher altitudes throughout the Rockies; flowering in July.

Smooth throughout, simple or sometimes branching, 6—18 inches high. Leaves lanceolate, undivided, minutely and doubly crenulate, 2—4 inches long. Flowers short-pedicelled in a short leafy raceme or spike, or the lower remote in the axils of the leaves; corolla white, showy, the galea which is half an inch long produced into a slender, elongated, incurved beak nearly reaching the apex of the broad lower lip.

At the higher altitudes in the Rockies in moist open ground and alpine meadows, flowering in July.

Smooth, 1—3 feet high; leaves 3—10 inches long, all pinnately parted, the lower divided, ample; divisions of the leaves ½—2 inches long, linear-lanceolate. Flowers crowded in a cylindrical, leafy-bracted spike, 2—6 inches long; corolla less than an inch long, pale yellow or reddish, the galea much longer than the lip with a hooded summit.

Frequent throughout the Rockies in moist open woods and alpine meadows at the higher elevations; flowering during July.

LENTIBULARIACEÆ

Butterwort Family

In our species, stemless herbs with fibrous roots and 1-flowered scapes; basal, tufted, entire leaves, the upper surface covered with a viscid secretion, to which insects adhere and are caught by the curling of the sensitive leaf margins; calyx 4—5-parted or 2-lipped; corolla sac-like and contracted into a spur.

Leaves pale yellowish-green, 3—7 in a rosette at the base of the scape, greasy to the touch on the upper surface, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, 1—2 inches long, ¼ as wide. Flowers solitary on a slender scape, violet-purple, nearly ½ an inch broad when expanded, 2-lipped; the upper lip 2-lobed; the lower 3-lobed, larger; the tube gradually contracted into an obtuse or acute nearly straight spur, ⅓ of an inch long.

In wet mossy places, on rocks, or edges of gravelly stream beds throughout the Rockies, at the lower altitudes; the bright little flowers suggesting violets; flowering during June.

b Pentstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene. (¾ Nat.) Large Purple Beard-Tongue.]

RUBIACEÆ

Madder Family

In our species, herbs with 4-angled stems and branches, with verticillate leaves and small 4-parted flowers, regular and perfect and fruit separating into 2-carpels.

Smooth, erect, simple or branched, leafy, 1—2½ feet high. Leaves in 4’s, lanceolate or linear 3-nerved, obtuse or acute, 1—2½ inches long, the margins sometimes fringed with hairs. Flowers white, numerous in a terminal panicle; corolla 4-parted, ⅛ of an inch across, the lobes lanceolate, acute.

In open ground and in open woods or thickets at the lower altitudes, throughout the Rockies; flowering in July.

CAPRIFOLIACEÆ

Honeysuckle Family

Shrubs, trees, vines or perennial herbs with opposite leaves and mostly cymose flowers; calyx 3—5-toothed, the corolla 5-lobed or sometimes 2-lipped; stamens 5-inserted on the tube of the corolla and alternate with the lobes; fruit a berry, drupe or capsule.