Appendix D

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bernheimer, Charles S., Editor. The Russian Jew in the United States. B. F. Buck & Co., New York $1.50. Written mostly by Jews; replete with facts gathered in the various centers--New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Boston. Should be read by those who would understand this remarkable people.

Brandenburg, Broughton. Imported Americans. F. A. Stokes, New York. $1.60. Description of experiences while making personal investigations in New York, Italy, and the steerage, of immigration problems.

Crowell, Katherine R. Coming Americans. Willett Press, New York. Paper, 25 cents; Cloth, 35 cents. A book for Juniors, putting in attractive form for children and teachers of children the leading features of immigration.

Gordon, W. Evans. The Alien Immigrant. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. $1.50. Describes the Hebrews in European countries, with chapter on situation in the United States.

Hall, Prescott F. Immigration. Henry Holt & Co., New York. $1.50. The latest volume of comprehensive character, taking the restrictive position. The author is secretary of the Immigration Restriction League.

Holt, Hamilton. Undistinguished Americans. James Pott & Co., New York. $1.50. Biographical and readable.

Lord, Eliot, et al. The Italian in America. B. F. Buck & Co., New York. $1.50. Makes an exceedingly favorable showing for the Italians; somewhat one-sided but valuable.

Mayo-Smith, Richmond. Emigration and Immigration. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. $1.50. An exceedingly valuable and scholarly work.

McLanahan, Samuel. Our People of Foreign Speech. Fleming H. Revell Company, New York. 50 cents, net. A handbook containing many valuable facts in compact form.

Riis, Jacob. How the Other Half Lives. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. $1.25, net. Descriptive of the conditions in which the foreign population struggles for existence.

Roberts, Peter. Anthracite Coal Communities. The Macmillan Company, New York. $3.50. A study of the anthracite regions and the Slavs, similar in character to Dr. Warne's book.

Sinclair, Upton. The Jungle. Doubleday, Page & Co., New York. $1.50. A work based on personal investigation and living among the Slavs who labor in the stockyards in Chicago; vivid narrative. This book discloses the treatment of the alien that makes him a menace to America.

Strong, Josiah. Our Country. Baker & Taylor Company, New York. 60 cents. The points made in the chapter on Immigration are as pertinent now as when the book was issued in 1881.

Strong, Josiah. The Twentieth Century City. Baker & Taylor Company, New York. Paper, 25 cents; Cloth, 50 cents. Has the breadth of view and effectiveness which belong to the author.

Warne, F. Julian. The Slav Invasion. J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, Pa. $1.00, net. Study at first hand of conditions in Pennsylvania mining regions and the Slav population.

Whelpley, J. D. The Problem of the Immigrant. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. $4.20. Dealing with the emigration and immigration laws of all nations.

Wood, Robert A. Americans in Process. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. $1.50. A series of papers by Robert A. Wood, and other workers in the South End House in Boston, Mass.

INDEX

Abuses, of immigration privileges and laws, 42, 43, 63-69, 78-84, 92, 93

Adams, Representative, of Pennsylvania, 74, 97

Admission, see Immigrants

Africans, 124

Alabama, 113

Albany, New York, 22

Aldrich, Thomas Bailey, 3

Alien, admission, 53-64; advance in numbers and distribution, 15-50, 102-117; characterized, 236, 237, 258; ideas imported, 241; loss of religious faith, 271; opinion of America, 272; protection, 65-68; restriction, 68-84

Aliens, classes excluded, 77, 78; total since American Revolution, 28

America, duty to guard its own genius, 232; mission, 10, 269; must be kept Christian, 271; unique mission field, 269

American, Christians, duty of, 10, 11, 44-47; fair play, 73; ideals to be preserved, 11, 46, 47, 91, 238, 239, 262; institutions, 232, 261; liberty, 117; Protestantism, 16, 47, 254, 255, 288; teacher in Syria, 39; Tract Society, 50; type of nationality, 11, 45, 46, 92, 238, 240

Americanization of immigrants, 10, 14, 46, 113, 126, 176, 242; children promoting, 205, 223, 259, 260

Anderson, Herbert, 268

Antwerp, 99

Appeal, right of, by excluded, 77, 78

Ardan, Ivan, 181, 182

Armenians, 124

Asia, immigrants from, 20, 21, 113

Assimilation of foreign peoples, 270, 271; aid to, 293

Assisted immigration, 43, 77, 93, 101

Associated Charities of Boston, 96

Atchison, Rena M., 194, 247

Attila, 27

Australians, as immigrants, 22

Austria, 81, 82

Austria-Hungary, 92, 165; immigrants from, 21, 25, 72

Baldwin, Mrs. S. L., 72, 73

Baltimore, 53

Barrows, Dr. S. J., 142

Battery, the, 54, 62, 108

Belgians, as immigrants, 21

Belgium, 29

Berlin, 199

Betts, Mrs. Lillian W., 151, 152, 204

Bible, 34, 167, 174, 283, 288

"Birds of passage," 71, 135

Blackwell's Island, 139

Board of Special Inquiry, 62

Bohemians, as immigrants, 21, 165-170; city centers, 166; freethinking tendencies, 168, 169; Protestant in spirit, 165-168; religious work among, 285

Booth, General William, 194

Bosnians, 183

Boston, 24, 53, 83, 198; Italian Society, 111

Boyesen, Professor, 28, 89, 90, 234

Brandenburg, Broughton, 41, 65-68, 82, 97, 98, 101

Bremen, 82, 99

Brooklyn, 148

Brooks, Phillips, 232

Bryce, James, 200

Buffalo, 172

Bulgarians, as immigrants, 21, 183

Bureau of Information, 110

Burlington, Iowa, 20

Calvin, 172

Cambridge, Massachusetts, 24

Canada, 27; ingress from, 53, 77, 92

Canadians, as immigrants, 21

Carr, Mr. 138

Carroll, Dr. H. K., 174

Castle Garden, 28

Celtic peoples, 123

Chandler, ex-Senator, 214

Chattanooga, Immigration Bureau in, 113

Chicago, 36, 166-172, 176, 187, 198

Childhood, the blighting of, 225, 226

Children, condition of, in great cities, 221, 222; number of, at work, 224, 226

Chinese, as immigrants, 21, 40, 72, 73; converts, 73, 89, 269; exclusion act, 70, 73; Sunday-schools for, 289

Chivers, Dr. E. E., 267

Chopin, 172

Christ, 44, 277

Christian attitude toward immigrants, 44-47, 270; cooeperation and federation, 286; optimism, 8, 117, 262

Christianity, converts to, 73; its first impression for newcomers, 277, 278

Churches, duty and opportunity of, 270, 282, 286; abandoning lower New York, 278; must be missionary, 270; saving themselves through saving immigrants, 285; work for foreigners, 289

Cincinnati, 23

Citizenship, how degraded, 214

City, the, bad government of, 200; conditions of tenement-house life in, 201, 210; demoralizing influences, 209, 214; environment offered immigrants, 196, 201-206; foreignization of, 198, 199, 217; isolation of foreigners in, 205; nerve and storm center, 193; overcrowding, 203, 206; political evils, 214

City College, many Jewish pupils in, 189

Civil War, effect on immigration, 26, 31

Claghorn, Kate H., 97, 259

Cleveland, Ohio, 24, 166, 169, 172

Cleveland, President, 96

Colonies, foreign, in America, 196, 198, 200, 217

Colonists distinguished from immigrants, 45, 46

Columbia University, 13

Columbus, Christopher, 188

Commissioner-General of Immigration, 25, 76-78, 83, 92, 93; of the Port, 77

Coney Island, 150

Congestion of foreign elements in cities, 195

Congress, acts of, 70

Connecticut, 173, 174, 180

Consumption, statistics of, 220; foreign element largely its victims, 220

Contract labor exclusion, 77, 82, 92; violation, 82, 83

Convicts, excluded, 77

Cook, Joseph, 52

Coolies, Chinese, excluded, 70

Cooeperation, interdenominational, 286; of Home Mission Boards, 288

Copernicus, 172

Crime, conditions favorable to increase of, 209, 224; foreigners led into by environment and example, 209

Croatians, 124, 183

Czechs, see Bohemians

Dalmatians, as immigrants, 183

Danes, as immigrants, 21

Debarred, see Excluded

Democracy, influence of upon aliens, 296, 298

Denmark, immigrants from, 23

Detroit, 21, 172

Discrimination needed as to immigrants, 127

Diseases guarded against, 57, 59, 60, 74, 77, 78, 93

Distribution of immigrants, 102-117; New York state, 105, 107; New Zealand methods, 116; North Atlantic section, 105; Ohio, 107; Pennsylvania, 105, 107; railroads assisting, 116; societies aiding, 107-113; South Central states, 105; West Virginia, 107; Western section, 105

Dublin, 199

Dutch, as immigrants, 21

Eastern invasion, the, 157-192

Edison, Thomas A., 247

Educational policy affected by immigration, 246

Ellis Island, 18, 19, 35, 37, 54, 55, 59-62, 74, 83, 99, 100, 108; missionary workers at, 274; results of personal efforts at, 275

Emerson, Ralph W., 247

English, as immigrants, 19, 21, 126; language, influence of, 259, 260

Environment, evil effects of upon children, 243

Europe, American ideas working in, 33, 34; immigrants from, 20, 23, 98, 123-192

Evangelization of immigrants, 10, 16, 46, 47; accessibility, 294; illustration of, 283; most potent factor in Americanizing, 270; need for extension of, 277; personal responsibility for, 290; sporadic, not systematic, 281

Evasion of immigration laws, 78-83

Excluded classes, 74-78, 100, 101

Federation of Jewish Charities, 102

Financial panics, effect on immigration, 26, 31

Finns, as immigrants, 21

Fiume, 82, 99

Forbes, James, 139

Foreign-born, distribution of, 107

Four State Immigration League, 113

France, 34

Franklin, Benjamin, 69

Freethinkers, their societies among immigrants, 168, 169, 180, 285

French-American College, the, 280

French, as immigrants, 21

French-Canadians, Roman Catholic convention of, 257

Fung Yuet Mow, 269

Gardner, Representative, of Massachusetts, 95

Genoa, 99, 132

Germans, as immigrants, 19, 21, 35, 126

Germany, immigrants from, 25, 33, 81

Goodchild, Rev. F. M., 33, 292

Grant, Ulysses S., 247

Great Britain, immigrants from, 25, 43, 128

Greece, 92

Greek Catholic Church, 182, 184; Orthodox or Russian State Church, 182

Greeks, as immigrants, 21, 37, 41

Hall, Prescott F., 45, 70, 129

Hamburg, 82, 99

Havre, 99

Hebrew, see Jewish, Jews

Herzegovinians, as immigrants, 183

Hewes, F. W., 107

Home Missions, at Ellis Island, 274; demand for extension of in New York, 287; opportunities of, for local churches, 279; personal work, 274, 290, 291; results of abroad, 269; settlement influences by residence, 292, 293

Honolulu, 53

Huguenot colonial stock, 240

Hungarians, as immigrants, 33, 128, 177-179; cafes, as social centers, 178, 179; fair degree of education, 177; open to mission work, 178

Hungary, 19, 128

Huns, 27, 165

Hunter, Robert, 194, 200

Huss, John, 166, 170

Iberic peoples, 123

Idiots, excluded, 77, 78

Illiteracy, amount of among immigrants, 22, 24, 125; test proposed, 95, 96

Immigrants, admission, 53-64; "assisted," 43, 93; approachable, 273, 282; attracted to the city, 195; debarred, 70, 71, 77, 78; diseased, 57, 60, 74, 77, 78, 93, 94; illiteracy among, 22, 23, see also Illiteracy; "manifest," 55, 56, 61; nationality, 21, 22; "natural," 31-42; ports and routes of entry, 53, 77; "solicited," 42, 43, 80-82, 93; smuggling of, 81, 92; religious census and conditions, 251, 271; value of first impression upon, 273; views of America, 272; women among, 18, 61, 76

Immigration, annual volume, 17-22; Bureau of, 76, 77, 92, 104; causes of, 29-31; Christian view of, 8; classes, 31-43; Conference of 1905, 90, 91; divine mission in, 270; economic fallacies of, 245; effect upon educational policy, 246; inspectors and officers, 59-61, 76, 77; laws, see Laws, immigration; new development of, 121-155; numbers since 1820, 25-27; process by the steerage and Ellis Island described, 55-62; Restrictive League, 96; "runner," 80-82; steamship and railroad arrangements, 55, 57, 62

Indianapolis, 22

Indians, North American, 45

Industrial Commission, 31

Insane, excluded, 77, 78

Insanity, low proportion among Italians and Jews, 140

Institutional church, need of, 286, 288

Ireland, 27, 43, immigrants from, 25, 31, 72, 128; potato famine, 25

Irish, as immigrants, 19, 21, 38, 39, 89, 126; compared with the Italians, 136, 137

Italian, Benevolent Institute, 147; Chamber of Commerce, 145; Hospital, 147; Immigration Department, 138; Savings Bank, 147

Italians, as immigrants, 19, 34, 36, 37, 110, 130; distribution, 135, 136; family cooeperation, 207; generally peaceable character, 141, 142, 208; illiteracy, 22, 134; in New York, 139, 145, 206; number entering, 19, 134, 135; parallel drawn with Irish, 136, 137; societies for mutual aid, 50, 110, 145, 147; spirit of converts, 284; thrift, 139-147, 207; women homemakers, 206;

Italy, 92, 131-133; government action and aid, 79, 111; immigrants from, 25, 31, 72, 79, 107; Royal Department of Emigration, 111; sections compared, 131-134

Ives, Mr., 294

Japanese, as immigrants, 40; Robinson Crusoe, 40

Jefferson, President, 68

Jerome of Prague, 166

Jersey City, 22

Jewish children as pupils, 189

Jews, as immigrants, 21, 95, 96, 113, 128, 185-190; Austria-Hungarian, 21, 186; German, 185; good qualities, 190; number of in New York, 186, 198; Roumanian, 186; Russian, 11, 12, 21, 185-190

John G. Carlisle, ferryboat, 53

Joseph II, Emperor, of Austria, 167

Juvenile Court, Jewish children in, 190

Kansas City, 22

Kosciusko, 172

Kossuth, a Slovak, 175

Labor, immigration of skilled and unskilled, 23, 24

Latin races, as immigrants, 113, 131

Lawrence, Kansas, 20

Laws, immigration, 58, 64; Bill of 1906, 95; problems, 87-119; protective, 65-68; restrictive, 68-84; summaries and recommendations, 309-313

Lee, Dr. S. H., 136, 152

Legislation, see Laws, immigration

Letts, the, as immigrants, 179, 180

Liberty, American, as a working leaven, 33, 34; statue of, 57, 278

Lieber, Francis, 194

Lincoln, Abraham, 247

Lithuanians, as immigrants, 23, 36, 179, 180; illiteracy, 23

Liverpool, 99

Lodge, Senator, 96

London, 99

Long Island, as a field for Italians, 149

Longfellow, 247

Louisiana, 113

Louisville, 23

Luther, 172

Lynn, Massachusetts, 24

Machinery, effect on immigration, 43

Madison, President, 68

Mafia, the, 130, 141

Magna Charta, 34

Magyars, as immigrants, 21, 177-179; illiteracy, 23; see also Hungarians

"Manifest" for immigrant, 55, 56, 61

Marine Hospital Service, 59

Marseilles, 99

Mashek, Nan, 166

Massachusetts, 142, 173

Mayo-Smith, Richmond, 52, 231, 238, 248

McLanahan, Samuel, 121

McMillan, Margaret, 225

Mexicans, as immigrants, 21

Mexico, ingress through, 92, 93

Michigan, 172

Milwaukee, 170, 172

Minneapolis, 21

Mission workers for immigrants, 274

Mississippi, 113, 183

Mitchell, Max, 102

Mongolic peoples, 124

Montenegrins, as immigrants, 21, 183

Moravians, as immigrants, 164

Music, love of by Bohemians, 169; by Italians, 144

Naples, 99, 199

National Civic Federation, 90; Slavonic Society, 176

Naturalization, illegal methods, 93, 196, 214-215; reading test desirable, 249

New Amsterdam, 45

New England, 45, 148, 173, 179; how it can remain Christian, 270, 271

New Haven, 23

New Jersey, 148, 173, 178

New Orleans, 183

New York, Bible Society, 50; State, 69, 70, 105, 107, 178, 213

New York City, 30-39, 53, 54, 62, 63, 110, 112, 139, 145, 165, 166, 169, 172, 176-189, 198, 200, 220; chief port of entry for immigrants, 53; child life and labor in, 220, 221; consumption in, 220; cosmopolitan character, 198, 199; foreign peoples in, 139, 145, 150, 166, 172, 178, 179, 186-189, 195-226

Norway, 27; immigrants from, 23, 25, 126

Occupations, of various races, 23, 24

Odessa, 99

Ogg, Frederick A., 92, 93, 99, 100

Ohio, 172

Optimism, 8, 29, 262

Ottawa, Illinois, 20

Padrones, 82, 92, 111

Parochial schools among aliens, 246, 256

Pauperism in the United States, 218; contrasted with poverty, 217; foreign percentage of, 219; increased by immigration, 219

Pennsylvania, 160-163, 172, 175, 177, 179, 181, 183, 213

People's Forum in Cooper Institute, 250

Persecution, affecting immigration, 29, 30, 91

Philadelphia, 38, 53, 172, 176, 179, 187

Pittsburg, 82, 172, 174, 176

Poles, as immigrants, 22, 35, 75, 76, 170-174; clannish, 173; illiteracy, 22, 173; independence, 173

Polish, Catholics, 174; girl, story of, 212; Jew, "sweater," 210; National Alliance, 170

Ports, for examination abroad, 98, 99; of entry, 53

Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 20

Poughkeepsie, New York, 20

Poverty in the United States, 218; defined, 217

Presbyterian Slavistic Union, 176

Protestantism, as related to immigrants, 9, 39, 47, 202, 166-174, 177-188, 216, 224, 251; could change conditions as to child labor, 225, 226; ought to save immigrants from moral degeneracy, 255; vast opportunity to evangelize and Americanize, 267-299

Providence, Rhode Island, 21

Public Schools, attacks upon to be resisted, 248; duty to elevate, 248; foreign children in, 198, 223, 248; power to Americanize, 234, 248, 256

Publicity, value of, 83, 90

Quarantine, 56, 62

Railroads and immigrants, 62, 63

Reich, Emil, 131

Religious census of immigrants in 1900, 251

Removal Bureau, for directing Jewish emigrants, 111

Reports, Commissioner-General, 25, 143

Riis, Jacob, 194, 216

Roman Catholic Church, as related to immigrants, 133, 151, 152, 167, 168, 172-174, 177-184, 247, 248, 251, 256, 257, 271, 297; efforts to get public money for parochial schools, 246; some lessons to be learned from, 279

Roosevelt, President, 51, 73, 88, 92, 96, 179

Rossi, Adolpho, 138, 147

Rotterdam, 99

Roumanians, as immigrants, 19, 21; see also Jews

Rovinanek, Mr., 174, 175

Russia, 34, 128; immigrants from, 25, 81, 217

Russian empire, 19; Jews, 11, 19, 112; persecution, 29, 30

Saint Louis, 145, 198

Saint Nazaire, 99

Saloon, evil effects of, 216, 217

Sampson, Sidney, 260

San Francisco, 41, 53, 73, 148

Saratoga Springs, New York, 20

Sargent, Commissioner-General, 28, 103, 158, 203

Scandinavians, 27; agricultural tendency, 127; useful immigrants, 19, 21, 126, 217; small illiteracy, 23

Schauffler, Dr. A. F, 30, 195

Schauffler, Dr. H. A., 293

Scotch, as immigrants, 21, 126; small illiteracy, 23

Scotland, 27

Secretary of Commerce and Labor, 77, 78

Seelye, ex-President of Amherst, 255

Servian immigrants, 21

Settlement service by religion and residence, 292, 293

Sioux Falls, Iowa, 20

Slavic home missionaries, 293, 294; peoples, 124

Slavs, as immigrants, 21, 79, 107, 113, 127, 128, 157-192; defined, 159, 160; displacing other peoples, 160, 162; illiteracy, 23, 164; largely unskilled, 164; migration of recent date, 160; mostly mine and factory workers, 164; native workers among, 285

Slovaks, as immigrants, 174-176; from agricultural class, 175; organizations among, 176; tinware workers, 176

Slovenians, as immigrants, 183

Slums, peril of the children in, 220-224; poverty and pauperism of, 217-219

Socialism, bred in the slums, 202

Societies in aid of immigrants by races, 110-112

Society for Italian immigrants, 50, 110, 111

Solicitation, as affecting immigration, 42, 43, 80-82, 93

South American immigrants, 21

South Carolina, 113

South, the New, as a field for immigrants, 113

Southampton, 99

Spahr, Dr. Charles B., 260

Spanish immigrants, 21, 217

Special Inquiry Board, 77

Speranza, Gino C., 88, 145

"Stairs of Separation," 62, 63

Standards of living, lowered through immigration, 244

States and countries as a scale of immigration, 24, 25, 27, 28

Statistics of immigration, aliens since Revolution, 28; arrivals by years from 1820 to 1905, 305; child labor in New York City, and in United States, 226, 227; countries by totals, 127-129; debarred during fourteen years, and by race or people, 77, 303; distribution by states, 105-107; entries at ports and through Canada, 53; estimated immigration for 1905-6, 20; illiteracy, 21-23, 134, 164; increase of immigrants for 1905, 25; inflow since 1820, 25-27; insanity, 140; Italians, by years, locality, and occupation, 134, 135, 143; Jews, chiefly Russian, 185, 186, 198; labor skilled and unskilled, 23, 24, 134, 164; mendicancy, 140; money sent from United States to aid immigrants, 31; present annual race totals illustrated, 20-23; race, sex, and age of immigrants for 1905, 306; religious divisions for 1900, 251; savings and investments of Italians, 145, 146; Slavs for 1905, 159, see also, for distribution and occupation, 165-183; tendency among Italians to forsake Roman Catholic Church, 271

Steamships for immigrants, 55, 57; overcrowding, 65; rate cutting, 79; steerage abuses and reforms, 65-68; unkind treatment, 57, 58, 67; unsanitary arrangements, 65-67; violation of laws, 78-84

Stettin, 99

Strong, Dr. Josiah, 9-16, 193, 194, 256, 257

Sunday laws and observance, as affected by immigration, 72, 237, 241, 252-254; Sunday-schools, among immigrants, 284, 294

Sweat-shop, description of system, 209, 210; reproach to Christian civilization, 210; victims of, 210-213

Sweden, 27; immigrants from, 23, 25, 33, 37, 38, 126

Swiss, as immigrants, 21, 28

Switzerland, 27, 43

Syrian immigrants, 23, 39

Tariff, effect on immigration, 44

Temperance, large measure of, among Chinese, Italians, and Jews, 73, 141, 190

Tenement-houses, description of life in, 204-208; evils of, 201; exorbitant rents, 202; model block of suggested, 288; responsibility of landlords, 202; unsanitary conditions of, 211

Tent campaign, winning Italians, 282

Teutonic peoples, 123

Texas, 113

Thompson, Dr. Charles L., 117, 268

Training schools, needed in work among aliens, 286

Trieste, 99

Tuoti, Mr. G., 145

Turks, as immigrants, 21; illiteracy, 23

Tymkevich, Paul, 158

United Hebrew Charities, 111, 219, 277

United Kingdom, see Great Britain

United States, agencies of helpful to immigrants, 50, 54, 57-63, 111, 274; "assisted" immigration to, 43, 93; attraction of, 29-42; Immigration Investigating Commission, 112, 113; Industrial Commission on Immigration, 141; legislation as to immigrants, see Laws, immigration; money from relatives in, to aid immigrants, 31; national songs, 34; Post-office, an immigration agency, 33; see also Commissioner-General of Immigration, Ports of entry

Venice, 199

Vincennes, Indiana, 20

Virginia, 45, 175

Vote, foreign, peril of, 249

Walker, General Francis A., 232

Ward, Robert D., 194

Warne, F. J., 157, 158, 162, 246

Warsaw, 199

Washington, city of, 24; President, 68

Watchorn, Commissioner Robert, 30, 82

Welsh, as immigrants, 21, 126

Whelpley, J. D., 16, 70, 79, 94, 101

Wisconsin, 167

Women immigrants, 18, 35, 38, 39, 57, 61, 67, 75, 76, 304; special inspection for, 61, 76

Work of leading denominations for foreign population, 314-320

Yiddish language, 198

Young people, as creators of public sentiment, 197; opportunity of for Christian service, 10

Ziska, General, 166

* * * * *

~The Forward Mission Study Courses~

* * * * *

"Anywhere, provided it be FORWARD."--David Livingstone

* * * * *

_Prepared under the auspices of the

YOUNG PEOPLE'S MISSIONARY MOVEMENT_

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE:--Harry Wade Hicks, S. Earl Taylor, John W. Wood, F. P. Haggard, T. H. P. Sailer.

* * * * *

The Forward Mission Study Courses are an outgrowth of a conference of leaders in Young People's Mission Work, held in New York City, December, 1901. To meet the need that was manifested at that conference for Mission Study Text-books suitable for young people, two of the delegates, Professor Amos R. Wells, of the United Society of Christian Endeavor, and Mr. S. Earl Taylor, Chairman of the General Missionary Committee of the Epworth League, projected the Forward Mission Study Courses. These courses have been officially adopted by the Young People's Missionary Movement, and are now under the immediate direction of the Executive Committee of the Movement, which consists of the young people's secretaries, or other official representatives of twelve of the leading missionary boards of the United States and Canada.

The aim is to publish a series of text-books covering the various home and foreign mission fields, and written by leading authorities with special reference to the needs of young people. The entire series when completed will comprise perhaps as many as twenty text-books. A general account will be given of some of the smaller countries, such as Japan, Korea, and Turkey; but, for the larger fields, as China, Africa, and India, the general account will be supplemented by a series of biographies of the principal missionaries connected with the country. The various home mission fields will also be treated both biographically and historically.

The following text-books have been published:--

~1. The Price of Africa.~ (Biographical.) By S. Earl Taylor.

~2. Into All the World.~ A General Survey of Missions. By Amos R. Wells.

~3. Princely Men in the Heavenly Kingdom.~ (Biographical.) By Harlan P. Beach, M.A., F.R.G.S.

~4. Child Life in Mission Lands.~ A Course of Study for Junior Societies. By Ralph E. Diffendorfer.

~5. Sunrise in the Sunrise Kingdom.~ A Study of Japan. By the Rev. John H. De Forest, D.D.

~6. Heroes of the Cross in America.~ Home Missions. (Biographical.) By Don O. Shelton.

~7. Daybreak in the Dark Continent.~ A Study of Africa. By Wilson S. Naylor.

~8. The Christian Conquest of India.~ A Study of India. By Bishop James M. Thoburn.

~9. Aliens or Americans?~ A Study of Immigration. By Rev. Howard B. Grose, Ph.D.

These books are published by mutual arrangement among the denominational publishing houses, to whom all orders should be addressed. They are bound uniformly, and are sold for 50 cents, in cloth, and 35 cents, in paper, postage extra.

* * * * *

Study classes desiring more advanced text-books are referred to the admirable series published by the Interdenominational Committee of the Woman's Boards. The volumes already published are:--

~Via Christi.~ A Study of Missions before Carey. By Louise Manning Hodgkins.

~Lux Christi.~ A Study of Missions in India. By Caroline Atwater Mason.

~Rex Christus.~ A Study of Missions in China. By Rev. Arthur H. Smith, D.D.

~Dux Christus.~ A Study of Missions in Japan. By Rev. W. E. Griffis, D.D.

~Christus Liberator.~ A Study of Missions in Africa. By Ellen C. Parsons.

~Christus Redemptor.~ A Study of the Island World. By Helen Barrett Montgomery.

* * * * *

Portuguese Boy and Girl

Spanish Boys]

Jewish Girl Polack Girl Italian Boy Spanish Boy ]

Alsace-Lorraine Girl Ruthenian Woman Holland Dame ]

Taken on the Roof Garden at Ellis Island]

Italian Girl Swiss Girl ]

The Chief Port of Entry in New York Harbor]

"Seven soldiers lost to the Kaiser." (German Consul's remark on seeing this picture)]

(A) Entrance stairs; (B) Examination of health ticket; (C) Surgeon's examination; (D) Second surgeon's examination; (E) Group compartments; (F) Waiting for inspection; (G) Passage to the stairway; (H) Detention room; (I) The Inspectors' desks; (K) Outward passage to barge, ferry, or detention room.]

THE INFLOWING TIDE]

FIGURES ON THE MAP REPRESENT THE NUMBER OF IMMIGRANTS OF THE RACES NAMED COMING FROM EACH COUNTRY INDICATED, WHILE THE FIGURES ON THE BARS REPRESENT THE TOTAL NUMBER OF IMMIGRANTS OF THE RACES NAMED COMING FROM ALL COUNTRIES.

THE COLOR ON MAP INDICATES APPROXIMATELY REGIONS OF THE RACIAL GRAND DIVISIONS

WHERE THE TERMS "BOHEMIAN," "BULGARIAN," "CROATIAN," AND "DALMATIAN" ARE USED, THEY REFER TO "BOHEMIAN AND MORAVIAN," "BULGARIAN, SERVIAN, AND MONTENEGRIN," "CROATIAN AND SLOVENIAN," AND "DALMATIAN, BOSNIAN, AND HERZEGOVINIAN."]

* * * * *

FOOTNOTES:

J. D. Whelpley, The Problem of the Immigrant, 2.

Entrance Port for Immigrants at New York.

The total immigration into the United States for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1906, was 1,100,735.

For table showing immigration for each year from 1820 to 1905, see Appendix A.

Now known as the Battery. See footnote 1, p. 54.

City Mission Monthly, April, 1902.

Those who are interested in this feature can trace--by examining the table in the Appendix which gives the immigration by years since 1820--the relation between prosperity and immigration. The effect of the panics of 1837, 1843, 1873, 1893, and the depression caused by the Civil War, will be seen clearly in the immigration totals. This subject is treated in Immigration, 17 ff.

Published in Baptist Home Mission Monthly for July, 1906.

Hamilton Holt, Undistinguished Americans.

The Swedish krone (kro-ne) has a value of about 27 cents.

Broughton Brandenburg, Imported Americans, 37.

Prescott F. Hall, Immigration, 3, 4.

The park and piers at the southern end of New York City, formerly known as Castle Garden.

Samuel E. Moffett, Review of Reviews, July, 1903.

It is good to know that the reception conditions, so far as the Government is concerned, have been made as favorable as present accommodations will allow, and enlargement is already projected. Since the Federal Government finally took charge of immigration in 1882, great improvement has been made in method and administration. The inspection is humane, prompt, and on the whole kindly, although entrance examinations are as much dreaded by the average immigrant as by the average student. Commissioner Watchorn, an admirable man for his place, insists upon kindness, and want of it in an employee is cause for dismissal. Ellis Island affords an excellent example of carefully adjusted details and thorough system, whereby with least possible friction thousands of aliens are examined in a day, and pronounced fit or unfit to enter the country. The process is too rapid, however, to give each case the attention which the best interests of the country demand.

Under the Act of 1903, this manifest has to state: The full name, age and sex; whether married or single; the calling or occupation; whether able to read or write; the nationality; the race; the last residence; the seaport landing in the United States; the final destination, if any, beyond the port of landing; whether having a ticket through to such final destination; whether the alien has paid his own passage or whether it has been paid by any other person or by any corporation, society, municipality, or government, and if so, by whom; whether in possession of thirty dollars, and if less, how much; whether going to join a relative or friend and if so, what relative or friend, and his name and complete address; whether ever before in the United States, and if so, when and where; whether ever in prison or almshouse or an institution or hospital for the care and treatment of the insane or supported by charity; whether a polygamist; whether an anarchist; whether coming by reason of any offer, solicitation, promise, or agreement, expressed or implied, to perform labor in the United States, and what is the alien's condition of health, mental and physical, and whether deformed or crippled, and if so, for how long and from what cause.

Broughton Brandenburg, Imported Americans, 208.

This imaginary sketch adheres in every detail to the facts. The medical examiners and inspectors become exceedingly expert in detecting disease, disability, or deception. If an overcoat is carried over the shoulder, they look for a false or stiff arm. The gait and general appearance indicate health or want of it to them, and all who do not appear normal are turned aside for further examination, which is thorough. The women have a special inspection by the matrons, who have to be both expert and alert to detect and reject the unworthy. The chief difficulty lies in too small a force to handle such large numbers, which have reached as high as 45,000 in five days.

The present regulations were passed in 1882, and if lived up to, as by trustworthy testimony they are not, would prevent serious overcrowding, although the conditions as to air, sanitation, and morals would still be most unsatisfactory. For protective laws, see Appendix B.

Broughton Brandenburg, Imported Americans, chap. XIV.

This Act of 1824 required of vessel-masters a report giving name, birthplace, age, and occupation of each immigrant, and a bond to secure the city against public charges.

Immigration, chap. X.

The main provisions are: 1. Head tax of $2. 2. Excluded classes numbering 17. 3. Criminal offenses against the Immigration Acts, enumerating 12 crimes. 4. Rejection of the diseased aliens. 5. Manifest, required of vessel-masters, with answers to 19 questions. 6. Examination of immigrants. 7. Detention and return of aliens. 8. Bonds and guaranties. The law may be found in full in the Appendix to Immigration, and in The Problem of the Immigrant, chap. VI., where the rules and regulations for its enforcement are also given. A list of the excluded classes and criminal offenses will be found in Appendix B of this volume.

Joseph H. Adams, in Home Missionary, for April, 1905.

The Immigration Bureau has 1,214 inspectors and special agents. The Commissioner-General says of them: They are spread throughout the country from Maine to southern California. They are

thoroughly organized under competent chiefs, many of them working regardless of hours, whether breaking the seals of freight cars on the southern border to prevent the smuggling of Chinese, or watching the countless routes of ingress from Canada, ever alert and willing, equally efficient in detecting the inadmissible alien and the pretended citizen. The Bureau asserts with confidence that, excepting a very few, the government of this country has no more able and faithful servants in its employ, either civil or military, than the immigration officers.

Commissioner-General's Report for 1905, p. 41.

Immigration Report for 1905, p.56.

Broughton Brandenburg, Imported Americans, 33.

Immigration Report for 1905, p. 48.

Prof. H. H. Boyesen.

Frederick Austin Ogg, in Outlook for May 5, 1906.

A synopsis of these recommendations will be found in Appendix B.

Sec. 38. That no alien immigrant over sixteen years of age physically capable of reading shall be admitted to the United States until he has proved to the satisfaction of the proper inspection officers that he can read English or some other tongue ... provided that an admissible alien over sixteen, or a person now or hereafter in the United States of like age, may bring in or send for his wife, mother, affianced wife, or father over fifty-five, if they are otherwise admissible, whether able to read or write or not.

Sec. 39. That every male alien immigrant over sixteen shall be deemed likely to become a public charge unless he shows to the proper immigration officials that he has in his possession at the time of inspection money to the equivalent of $25, or that the head of his family entering with him so holds that amount to his account. Every female alien must have $15.

The Bill, as amended, left the head tax at $2, and the reading test was omitted. Great opposition to the Bill came from the foreign element, especially the Jews.

Dr. Goodchild.

Broughton Brandenburg, Imported Americans, 302.

Outlook for May 5, 1906.

J. D. Whelpley, The Problem of the Immigrant, 13.

Annual Report for 1903, p. 60.

Annual Report for 1905, p. 58.

Idem, opposite p. 34.

This bureau shall collect and furnish to all incoming aliens, data as to the resources, products, and manufactures of each state, territory and district of the United States; the prices of land and character of soils; routes of travel and fares; opportunities of employment in the skilled and unskilled occupations, rates of wages, cost of living, and all other information that in the judgment of the Commissioner-General might tend to enlighten the aliens as to the inducements to settlement in the various sections.

Bernheimer, The Russian Jew in the United States, 370.

Prescott F. Hall, Immigration, 303.

Eliot Lord, in The Italian in America, 177 ff.

"The Problem of Immigration," Presbyterian Board of Publication.

For a condensed characterization of the north of Europe immigrants read the chapter on Racial Conditions in Immigration (chap. III.) The leading traits of the various immigrant peoples are set forth with fairness and discrimination, although probably none of those described would see themselves exactly as Mr. Hall sees them.

The Italian in America.

John Foster Carr in Outlook.

See page 146.

Dr. S. H. Lee in Baptist Home Mission Monthly, for May, 1905.

Location of various public institutions of New York City.

Industrial Commission Report to Congress, Dec. 5, 1901.

The Italian in America, 215, 216.

G. Tuoti, in The Italian in America, 78.

A remarkable showing of what the Italians have accomplished through these farming colonies in various parts of the country is given in the chapter "On Farm and Plantation", in The Italian in America.

Rev. E. P. Farnham, D.D., in New York Examiner, June 22, 1906.

University Settlement Studies, December, 1905.

While the Magyars (or Hungarians) are not Slavs, they have lived in close contact with them, and for convenience may be classed in the Slavic division; and the same thing is true of the Roumanian and Russian Jews. All these peoples come from Russia, Austria-Hungary, or the Balkan States, and represent similar customs and ideas, although they differ materially in character, as we shall see.

Samuel McLanahan, Our People of Foreign Speech, 34 ff.

F. J. Warne, The Slav Invasion, chap. VI.

Miss Kate H. Claghorn, in Charities, for December, 1904.

Charities, for December, 1904.

Samuel McLanahan, Our People of Foreign Speech, 45.

Louis H. Pick, in Charities, for December, 1904.

Miss Emily Balch, "The Slavs at Home," in Charities and Commons.

Lee Frankel, in The Russian Jew in the United States, 63.

Julius H. Greenstone, in The Russian Jew in the United States, 158.

Commissioner-General's Report for 1905, p. 58.

The Leaven of a Great City, and The Story of an East Side Family.

University Settlement Studies, January, 1906.

Hamilton Holt, Undistinguished Americans, 43 ff.

Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives, chap. XVIII.

Robert Hunter, Poverty, chap. I. This is a book that every American should read. The author is indebted to it for much of the material in this chapter.

Robert Hunter, Poverty, 196.

Idem, chap. V.

Richmond Mayo-Smith, Emigration and Immigration, 5 ff.

Walter E. Heyl, in University Settlement Studies.

F. J. Warne, The Slav Invasion, 103.

Rena M. Atchison, Un-American Immigration, 82.

Richmond Mayo-Smith, Emigration and Immigration, 84 ff.

Represents the recapitulation of totals of Europe, Asia, Africa and all other countries.

Josiah Strong, Our Country, 56.

Kate H. Claghorn, in Charities for December, 1904.

Broughton Brandenburg, Imported Americans, 19.

Sidney Sampson, pamphlet, "The Immigration Problem."

Fung Yuet Mow, Chinese missionary in New York, says that at a missionary Conference which he attended in Canton there were fifty missionaries present, native Chinese, and half of them were converted in our missions in America, and returned home to seek the conversion of their people. Everywhere he met the influence of Chinese who found Christ in this country.

Henry H. Hamilton in the Home Missionary.

In one city in Massachusetts, where there are 1,700 Italians only fifty or sixty attend the Roman Catholic Church; and in another, of 6,000 Italians, only about 300 go to that church. They declare that they are tired of the Romish Church and have lost faith in its priests. Similar reports come from all parts of the country.

There are numerous instances equally remarkable. Many young people express their desire to lead true lives and the missionaries often learn how well the resolutions made at Ellis Island have been kept. One missionary says: "I meet one here and another there, who tell me that I met them first three or four years ago, when they first reached this country, strangers to Christ as well as to me; but now they say, 'We love to tell the story of Jesus and his love.' Some of the denominations have houses fitted up for the temporary entertainment of immigrants who need a safe place while waiting to hear from friends or secure employment. This missionary work admirably supplements the excellent service rendered by the protective organizations, of which the United Hebrews Charities is perhaps the most influential, dispensing funds amounting to $270,000 a year, including the Baron Hirsch fund. There is also an Immigrant Girls' Home which saves many from temptation while they are seeking employment, and helps them secure places in Christian families."

Rev. Joel S. Ives, pamphlet, "The Foreigner in New England."

Appendix C.

Some denominations already have theological training departments for foreign people. The French-American College at Springfield, Massachusetts, is the first distinctive training school for foreigners.

"The Foreign Problem." Published by the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions.

Rev. F. H. Allen, in Home Missionary for January, 1906.

Rev. C. W. Shelton reports typical cases, that could be duplicated by every secretary of a Home Missionary Society and every missionary. In one mission church a young Swede girl gave $25 a month, out of her earnings as cook, toward the pastor's support. In a Finnish church, another young woman pledged $30 a month out a salary of $50. A Chinese mission in California supports three native workers in China. A Slav Mission Sunday-school in Braddock, Pennsylvania, with thirty members, gave out of its poverty, as one year's record, $6 for home missions, $1.25 for windows in a new Bohemian church, $1 for missionary schools, $6.35 for maps, and $6 for a foreign missionary ship. Nearly fifty cents a member these Slavs gave; and that amount per member from all Christian Churches and Sunday-schools would make the missionary treasuries much fuller than at present.

Words used by Dr. A. L. Phillips, of Richmond, Va., at the Asheville Conference, July, 1906.

From Annual Report of Commissioner-General of Immigration for 1905.

Statement from Commissioner-General F. P. Sargent.

From the Lutheran World.