A View of Sir Isaac Newton's Philosophy

BOOK I.. ~chap. 1.~ _of the Laws of Motion_

~CHAP. 1.~ Of the laws of motion The first law of motion proved p. 29 The second law of motion proved p. 29 The third law of motion proved p. 31

~CHAP. 2.~ Further proofs of the laws of motion The effects of percussion p. 49 The perpendicular descent of bodies p. 55 The oblique descent of bodies in a straight line p. 57 The curvilinear descent of bodies p. 58 The perpendicular ascent of bodies ibid. The oblique ascent of bodies p. 59 The power of gravity proportional to the quantity of matter in each body p. 60 The centre of gravity of bodies p. 62 The mechanical powers p. 69 The lever p. 71 The wheel and axis p. 77 The pulley p. 80 The wedge p. 83 The screw ibid. The inclined plain p. 84 The pendulum p. 86 Vibrating in a circle ibid. Vibrating in a cycloid p. 91 The line of swiftest descent p. 93 The centre of oscillation p. 94 Experiments upon the percussion of bodies made by pendulums p. 98 The centre of percussion p. 100 The motion of projectiles p. 102 The description of the conic sections p. 106 The difference between absolute and relative motion, as also between absolute and relative time p. 112

~CHAP. 3.~ Of centripetal forces p. 117

~CHAP. 4.~ Of the resistance of fluids p. 143 Bodies are resisted in the duplicate proportion of their velocities p. 147 Of elastic fluids and their resistance p. 149 How fluids may be rendered elastic p. 150 The degree of resistance in regard to the proportion between the density of the body and of the fluid In rare and uncompressed fluids p. 153 In compressed fluids p. 155 The degree of resistance as it depends upon the figure of bodies In rare and uncompressed fluids p. 155 In compressed fluids p. 158

BOOK II.. ~chap. 1.~ _that the Planets Move in a Space

~CHAP. 1.~ That the planets move in a space empty of sensible matter p. 161 The system of the world described p. 162 The planets suffer no sensible resistance in their motion p. 166 They are not kept in motion by a fluid p. 168 That all space is not full of matter without vacancies p. 169

~CHAP. 2.~ Concerning the cause that keeps in motion the primary planets p. 171 They are influenced by a centripetal power directed to the sun p. 171 The strength of this power is reciprocally in the duplicate proportion of the distance ibid. The cause of the irregularities in the motions of the planets p. 175 A correction of their motions p. 178 That the frame of the world is not eternal p. 180

~CHAP. 3.~ Of the motion of the moon and the other secondary planets That they are influenced by a centripetal force directed toward their primary, as the primary are influenced by the sun p. 182 That the power usually called gravity extends to the moon p. 189 That the sun acts on the secondary planets p. 190 The variation of the moon p. 193 That the circuit of the moons orbit is increased by the sun in the quarters, and diminished in the conjunction and opposition p. 198 The distance of the moon from the earth in the quarters and in the conjunction and opposition is altered by the sun p. 200 These irregularities in the moon’s motion varied by the change of distance between the earth and sun p. 201 The period of the moon round the earth and her distance varied by the same means ibid. The motion of the nodes and the inclination of the moons orbit p. 202 The motion of the apogeon and change of the eccentricity p. 218 The inequalities of the other secondary planets deducible from these of the moon p. 229

~CHAP. 4.~ Of comets

They are not meteors, nor placed totally without the planetary system p. 230 The sun acts on them in the same manner as on the planets p. 231 Their orbits are near to parabola’s p. 233 The comet that appeared at the end of the year 1680, probably performs its period in 575 years, and another comet in 75 years p. 234 Why the comets move in planes more different from one another than the planets p. 235 The tails of comets p. 238 The use of them p. 243 244 The possible use of the comet it self p. 245 246

~CHAP. 5.~ Of the bodies of the sun and planets

That each of the heavenly bodies is endued with an attractive power, and that the force of the same body on others is proportional to the quantity of matter in the body attracted p. 247 This proved in the earth p. 248 In the sun p. 250 In the rest of the planets p. 251 That the attractive power is of the same nature in the sun and in all the planets, and therefore is the same with gravity p. 252 That the attractive power in each of these bodies is proportional to the quantity of matter in the body attracting ibid. That each particle of which the sun and planets are composed is endued with an attracting power, the strength of which is reciprocally in the duplicate proportion of the distance p. 257

The power of gravity universally belongs to all matter p. 259

The different weight of the same body upon the surface of the sun, the earth, Jupiter and Saturn; the respective densities of these bodies, and the proportion between their diameters p. 261

~CHAP. 6.~ Of the fluid parts of the planets

The manner in which fluids press p. 264 The motion of waves on the surface of water p. 269 The motion of sound through the air p. 270 The velocity of sound p. 282 Concerning the tides p. 283 The figure of the earth p. 296 The effect of this figure upon the power of gravity p. 300 The effect it has upon pendulums p. 302 Bodies descend perpendicularly to the surface of the earth p. 304 The axis of the earth changes its direction twice a year, and twice a month p. 313 The figure of the secondary planets ibid.

BOOK III.. ~chap. 1.~ _concerning the Cause of Colours

~CHAP. 1.~ Concerning the cause of colours inherent in the light

The sun’s light is composed of rays of different colours p. 318 The refraction of light p. 319 320 Bodies appear of different colour by day-light, because some reflect one kind of light more copiously than the rest, and other bodies other kinds of light p. 329 The effect of mixing rays of different colours p. 334

~CHAP. 2.~ Of the properties of bodies whereon their colours depend.

Light is not reflected by impinging against the solid parts of bodies p. 339 The particles which compose bodies are transparent p. 341 Cause of opacity p. 342 Why bodies in the open day-light have different colours p. 344 The great porosity of bodies considered p. 355

~CHAP. 3.~ Of the refraction, reflection, and inflection of light.

Rays of different colours are differently refracted p. 357 The sine of the angle of incidence in each kind of rays bears a given proportion to the sine of refraction p. 361 The proportion between the refractive powers in different bodies p. 366 Unctuous bodies refract most in proportion to their density p. 368 The action between light and bodies is mutual p. 369 Light has alternate fits of easy transmission and reflection p. 371 The fits found to return alternately many thousand times p. 375 Why bodies reflect part of the light incident upon them and transmit another part ibid. Sir ~ISAAC NEWTON~’s conjecture concerning the cause of this alternate reflection and transmission of light p. 376 The inflection of light p. 377

~CHAP. 4.~ Of optic glasses.

How the rays of light are refracted by a spherical surface of glass p. 378 How they are refracted by two such surfaces p. 380 How the image of objects is formed by a convex glass p. 381 Why convex glasses help the sight in old age, and concave glasses assist short-sighted people p. 383 The manner in which vision is performed by the eye p. 385 Of telescopes with two convex glasses p. 386 Of telescopes with four convex glasses p. 388 Of telescopes with one convex and one concave glass ibid. Of microscopes p. 389 Of the imperfection of telescopes arising from the different refrangibility of the light p. 390 Of the reflecting telescope p. 393

~CHAP. 5.~ Of the rainbow Of the inner rainbow p. 394 395 398 399 Of the outter bow p. 396 397 400 Of a particular appearance in the inner rainbow p. 401 Conclusion p. 405

~ERRATA.~

PAGE 25. line 4. read In these Precepts. p. 40. l. 24. for I read K. p. 53. l. penult. f. Æ. r. F. p. 82. l. ult. f. 40. r. 41. p. 83 l. ult. f. 43. r. 45. p. 91. l. 3. f. 48. r. 50. ibid. l. 25. for 49. r. 51. p. 92. l. 18. f. A G F E. r. H G F C. p. 96. l. 23. dele the comma after {⅓}. p. 140. l. 12. dele and. p. 144. l. 15. f. threefold. r. two-fold. p. 162. l. 25. f. {⅓}. r. {⅞}. p. 193. 1. 2. r. always. p. 199. l. penult. and p. 200. l. 3. 5. f. F. r. C. p. 201. l. 8. f. ascends. r. must ascend. ibid. l. 10. f. it descends. r. descend. p. 208. l. 14. f. W T O. r. N T O. In fig. 110. draw a line from I through T, till it meets the circle A D C B, where place W. p. 216. l. penult. f. action. r. motion. p. 221. l. 23. f. A F. r. A H. p. 232. l. 23. after invention put a full point. p. 253. l. penult. delete the comma after remarkable. p. 255. l. ult. f. D E. r. B E. p. 278. l. 17. f. ξ τ. r. ξ π. p. 299. l. 19 r. the. p. 361. l. 12. f. I. r. t. p. 369. l. 2, 3. r. Pseudo-topaz. p. 378. l. 12. f. that. r. than. p. 379. l. 15. f. converge. r. diverge. p. 384. l. 7. f. optic-glass. r. optic-nerve. p. 391. l. 18. r. as 50 to 78. p. 392. l. 18. after telescope add be about 100 feet long and the. in fig. 161. f. δ put ε. p. 399. l. 8. r. A n, A x. &c. p. 400. 1. 19. r. A π, A ρ. A σ, A τ. A φ. p. 401. l. 14. r. fig. 163. The pages 374, 375, 376 are erroneously numbered 375, 376, 377; and the pages 382, 383 are numbered 381, 382.

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