Part 301

In the great majority of subjects this vessel and some of its branches are the seat of more or less extensive verminous aneurysm, produced by the Sclerostomum armatum. In the author’s experience an entirely normal specimen is quite exceptional in adult horses.

Footnote 166:

The left branch is a descriptive convention rather than a reality, since the arteries of the small intestines spring from the mesenteric trunk either directly or by short common stems with an adjacent vessel.

Footnote 167:

The obliteration in the adult extends a variable distance from the vesical end toward the origin, but usually involves only a small part.

Footnote 168:

Most of the veins are depicted in the illustrations of the section on the arteries, to which reference is to be made.

Footnote 169:

Chauveau says “the bronchial veins, which ramify on the bronchi like the arteries of which they are satellites, open into the great coronary vein very near its mouth, after having united to form a single vessel, which sometimes opens directly into the atrium.” Ellenberger and Baum state that the bronchial and œsophageal veins open into the vena azygos separately or by a common trunk. Martin describes a short broncho-œsophageal trunk, but the vein which he figures as the bronchial does not come from the lungs, but is a small mediastinal vessel. The author finds such a vessel entering the terminal part of the œsophageal vein, but no distinct bronchial vein in the horse.

Footnote 170:

M’Fadyean records a case in which the vein lay on the deep face of the omo-hyoideus with the carotid artery.

Footnote 171:

The venous angle formed by this junction indicates the position of the thyroid gland.

Footnote 172:

These are termed by Chauveau and M’Fadyean the subsphenoidal confluents.

Footnote 173:

The place and mode of termination is quite variable. It may disappear from the surface of the thigh at any point above the distal third. In some cases it passes through the anterior part of the gracilis instead of dipping in between that muscle and the sartorius.

Footnote 174:

This often joins the posterior femoral or the popliteal vein.

Footnote 175:

The term chyle is often applied to the lymph carried by the efferent vessels of the intestine when it contains products of digestion, and these vessels may be designated as lacteals or chyle vessels.

Footnote 176:

The lymph vessels of these organs appear to vary considerably in their mode of termination, and the arrangement needs further study. Some ducts from the stomach, liver, and spleen open directly into the cistern.

Footnote 177:

Abscess here can be reached readily by an incision between the vein and the omo-hyoideus.

Footnote 178:

It is, of course, only the pericardium which comes in contact with the wall, but it is customary as a matter of convenience to speak of the relation of the heart as though it were direct.

Footnote 179: