Part 103

The =psoas minor= begins at the disc between the twelfth and thirteenth thoracic vertebræ.

The =psoas major= has a fleshy origin on the posterior border of the last rib, and a thin tendon attached to the twelfth rib.

The =iliacus= begins under the body of the sixth lumbar vertebra, and is more closely united with the psoas major than in the horse.

The =quadratus lumborum= extends as far forward as the body of the tenth or eleventh thoracic vertebra.

II. EXTERNAL MUSCLES OF THE HIP AND THIGH

The =tensor fasciæ latæ= is large, and the fleshy part extends further down than in the horse.

The gluteus superficialis is not present as such; apparently its anterior part has fused with the tensor fasciæ latæ and its posterior with the biceps femoris.

The =gluteus medius= is small, the lumbar portion being insignificant and extending forward only to the fourth lumbar vertebra. Its deep portion (Gluteus accessorius) is easily separable, and its strong tendon is inserted into the femur below the trochanter major, under cover of the upper part of the vastus externus.

The =gluteus profundus= is thin, but extensive, arising as far forward as the external angle of the ilium, and from the lower part of the sacro-sciatic ligament. The fibers converge on a tendon which passes under the upper part of the vastus externus, and is inserted into a tubercle a short distance below the great trochanter.

FIG. 218.—GLUTEAL AND FEMORAL REGIONS OF OX, AFTER REMOVAL OF SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES.

p, Gluteus medius; r, semitendinosus; u, coccygeus; 28, vastus externus; 28′, rectus femoris; 29, semimembranosus; 30, gastrocnemius; 31, sacro-sciatic ligament; 16, tuber coxæ; 17, tuber ischii; 19, trochanter major; 20, patella; 21′, external condyle of tibia. (After Ellenberger-Baum. Anat. für Künstler.) ]

The =biceps femoris= is very wide at its upper part, having apparently absorbed the posterior part of the superficial gluteus. It is divided in the thigh into two portions, which end on a wide aponeurosis. There is no femoral attachment. A large bursa occurs between the muscle and the great trochanter in the adult. The part of the tendon which fuses with the external patellar ligament presents a fibro-cartilaginous thickening, and an extensive bursa is interposed between it and the external condyle of the femur.

The =semitendinosus= and =semimembranosus= arise on the ischium only. The latter has a branch attached to the internal condyle of the tibia.

III. ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE THIGH

The =quadriceps femoris= resembles that of the horse; the =vastus intermedius= is more clearly separable, and consists of two parts. Bursæ occur under the insertions of the internal and external vasti, and often under the end of the biceps in the adult.

FIG. 219.—MUSCLES OF LEFT LEG AND FOOT OF OX, ANTERIOR VIEW.

a, Peroneus tertius; a′, tibialis anterior; b, anterior or long digital extensor; b′, extensor digiti tertii; c, peroneus longus; d, extensor digiti quarti; i, i, annular ligaments; k, external lateral ligament of hock joint; l, branch of suspensory ligament; 20, patella; 21′, external condyle of tibia; 28, tuberosity of tibia. (After Ellenberger-Baum, Anat. für Künstler.) ]

FIG. 220.—MUSCLES OF LEG AND FOOT OF OX, EXTERNAL VIEW.

a, Peroneus tertius; a′, tibialis anterior; b, anterior or long digital extensor; b′, tendon of b; c, peroneus longus; d, extensor digiti quarti; e, deep digital flexor; e′, tendon of e; e″, branch of interosseus medius or suspensory ligament; f, gastrocnemius (the soleus lies just in front of f); f′, tendon of f; g, tendon of superficial digital flexor; h, interosseus medius or suspensory ligament; i, i, annular ligaments; 20, patella; 21′, external condyle of tibia; 28, crest of tibia. (After Ellenberger-Baum, Anat. für Künstler.) ]

The =articularis genu= or subcrureus is a small muscle which lies under the lower part of the vastus intermedius, and is inserted on the suprapatellar cul-de-sac of the synovial membrane.

The =capsularis= is absent.

IV. INTERNAL MUSCLES OF THE THIGH

The =sartorius= arises by two heads, one from the tendon of the psoas minor and the iliac fascia, the other from the shaft of the ilium. The femoral vessels pass between them.

The =gracilis= is more extensively united with its fellow than in the horse.

FIG. 221.—LEFT TARSUS OF OX WITH SYNOVIAL SHEATHS AND BURSÆ INJECTED, EXTERNAL VIEW.

1, Peroneus tertius; 1′, tendon of 1 and its sheath, 1″; 2, extensor digiti tertii proprius; 2′, tendon of 2; 2″, common sheath of tendons of extensor digiti tertii and extensor digitalis longus (3, 3′); 4, peroneus longus and its sheath, 4′; 5, extensor digiti quarti and its sheath, 5′; 6, tendon of gastrocnemius; 7, superficial digital flexor and its sheath, 7′; 8, tendon of tibialis anterior; a, tibia; b, proximal annular ligament; c, tarsus; d, distal annular ligament; e, metatarsus; f, external lateral ligament. (After Schmidtchen.) ]

FIG. 222.—LEFT TARSUS OF OX WITH SYNOVIAL SHEATHS AND BURSÆ INJECTED, INTERNAL VIEW.

1, Peroneus tertius; 2, tendon of tibialis anterior with sheath, 2′, and bursa, 2″; 3, long digital flexor and 3′, its sheath; 4, tibialis posterior; 5, deep digital flexor and its sheath, 5′; 6, tendon of gastrocnemius and bursa, 6′; 7, superficial digital flexor and its sheath, 7′; 8, subcutaneous bursa; a, tibia; b, proximal annular ligament; c, tarsus; d, metatarsus. (After Schmidtchen.) ]