Part 229

Obstruction, intestinal, 835 of bile-ducts, as a cause of jaundice, 977 as a cause of cirrhosis of liver, 991 in carcinoma of pancreas, 1124 to flow of bile as a cause of biliary calculi, 1066 intestinal from bands and loops of acute peritonitis, 1153, 1154 of orifices of stomach in gastric cancer, 566 of pancreatic duct, symptoms of, 1129 of pylorus and duodenum following acute pancreatitis, 1119 of rectum, 889

Occlusion of biliary passages, 1082 of cystic duct, pathogeny, 1082

Occupation, influence on causation of constipation, 640 of acute rheumatism, 20 of mercurial stomatitis, 344 of simple ulcer of stomach, 486

Odor of diabetic urine, 208 of mouth in stomatitis catarrhalis, 323 of stools, in acute intestinal catarrh, 680 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 708

Oedema, in gastric cancer, 553 in cancer of intestines, 871 in diseases of pancreas, 1116 in trichinosis, 961 of glottis, in tonsillitis, 383 of larynx in mercurial stomatitis, 346 treatment, 348 of lung, complicating gastric cancer, 560 of one extremity in chronic intestinal catarrh, 709 of skin in scurvy, 178 of vulva in cirrhosis of liver, 995 general, in cirrhosis of liver, 995

OESOPHAGUS, DISEASES OF, 409 Oesophagitis, 409 Definition, 409 Synonyms, 409 Oesophagitis, Acute, 409 Definition, 409 Synonyms, 409 History, 409 Etiology, 409 Of idiopathic catarrhal form, 410 Predisposing causes, 410 Cold and moisture, 410 Rheumatism, 410 Hot drinks, 410 Tobacco and alcohol, 410 Irritating medicines, 410 Of deuteropathic catarrhal form, 410 As an extension of catarrhal pharyngitis, 410 Pseudo-membraniform, 410 Traumatic form, 410 from injury, 411 Phlegmonous form, 411 from disease, 411 from injury, 411 from emboli, 411 from fits of anger, 411 Pathology and morbid anatomy, 411 Nature of inflammatory process, 411 Epithelium, changes in, 411 thickening and desquamation of, 411 Epithelial casts of tube, 412 Follicles, swelling and hypertrophy of, 412 ulceration of, 412 Pseudo-membranous form, 412 Seat and character of pseudo-membrane, 412 Variolous pustules, 412 Phlegmonous form, 412 Purulent infiltration in submucous connective tissue, 412 Diffuse form, 413 Mode of escape of pus, 413 Gangrene, 413 Symptoms, 413 Painful deglutition, 413 Substernal pain, 413 Pain over vertebræ, 413 Dysphagia, amount and character of, 413 Of pseudo-membranous form, 414 Expulsion of shreds of membrane, 414 Of phlegmonous form, 414 Convulsions from pressure on pneumogastric nerve, 414 Duration, 414 Complications and sequelæ, 414 Diagnosis, 414 From dorsal myelitis, 414 Value of auscultation, 414 of catheterism, 415 From spasm and stricture, 415 From carcinoma, 415 Prognosis, 415 Treatment, 415 Of mild form, 415 Of severe cases, 416 Of pyrexia, 416 Of traumatic form, 416 Use of anodynes, 416 of ice, 416 Diet, 416 Alkalies, 416 Oesophagitis, Chronic, 416 Definition, 416 Synonym, 416 Etiology, 416 Sequel of acute form, 416 Abuse of alcohol, 416 Hot drinks, 416 Chronic pulmonary and cardiac disease, 416 Foreign bodies, 416 Caries of vertebræ, 416 Pressure of tumors, 416 Pathology and morbid anatomy, 416 Hypertrophy of mucous membrane, 416 of muscular coat, 417 Abscess and ulceration, 417 Diffuse inflammation of connective tissue, 417 Symptoms, 417 Complications and sequelæ, 417 Stricture, 417 Diagnosis, 417 From spasm and stricture, 417 From carcinoma, 417 Prognosis, 417 Treatment, 417 Constitutional, 417 Diet, 417 Abstinence from alcohol, 417 Sinapisms and revulsives, 417 Use of iodides, 417 of carbonic acid waters, 417 Of pain, 418 Local, 417 Use of astringents, 417 Mode of applying astringents, 418 Cauterization of painful spots, 418 Oesophagus, Ulceration of, 418 Definition, 418 Etiology, 418 Sequel of inflammation, 418 Symptoms, 418 Sanguinolent products, expulsion of, 418 Perforation into trachea, 418 into mediastinum, 418 Pathology and morbid anatomy, 418 Deep-seated ulcers, 418 Fistulæ, 418 Diagnosis, 418 Prognosis, 418 Treatment, 418 Constitutional, 418 Of hemorrhage, 418 Cauterization of ulcers, 418 Use of ergot and turpentine, 418 Oesophagus, Stricture of, 419 Definition, 419 Spasmodic Stricture, 419 Definition, 419 Synonyms, 419 History, 419 Etiology, 419 Neurotic origin, 419 Hysterical origin, 419 Sex, 419 Age, 419 Mental emotion, 419 Organic diseases, relation of, to, 419 Pregnancy, 419 Gout and rheumatism, 419 Hydrophobia, 419 Symptoms, 419 Spasm, seat of, 419, 420 Inability to swallow, 420 Spasm, relaxation of, 420 causes of, 420 certain foods as a cause, 420 Dysphagia not complete, 420 Pain, 420 Hiccough, 420 Time of regurgitation of food, 420 Duration, 420, 421 Pathology and morbid anatomy, 420 Diagnosis, 420 From organic spasm, 421 Prognosis, 421 Frequency of recurrence, 421 Treatment, 421 Causal, 421 General, 421 Use of valerian, 421 of oxide of zinc, 421 of bromide of potassium, 421 of camphor, 421 of musk and asafoetida, 421 of belladonna and conium, 421 Local, 421 Bougie, use of, 421 mode of using, 421 Use of counter-irritation, 422 of electricity, 422 Organic Stricture, 422 Definition, 422 Synonym, 422 History, 422 Etiology, 422 Congenital, 422 Cicatricial contraction, 422 Injury, 423 Scalds, 422 Caustic drinks, 422 Syphilis, 423 Morbid growths, 423 Carcinoma, 423 Spirituous liquors, 423 Sex, 423 Age, 423 Symptoms, 423 Impediment in deglutition, 423 Regurgitation of food, 423 Pain, 423 Dysphonia, 423 Suffocative symptoms, 423 Pathology and morbid anatomy, 424 Lesions of mucous membrane, 424 Thickening of mucous membrane, 424 Lesions of muscular tissue, 424 Seat of strictures, 424 Number of strictures, 424 Forms of strictures, 424 Dilatation of oesophagus, 424 Atrophy of oesophagus, 424 Diagnosis, 424 Auscultation in, 424 Value of bougies, 424, 425 Necessity of excluding aneurism, 425 Prognosis, 425 Treatment, 425 General, 425 Use of iodides, 425 Nutrient enema, 425 Malignant form, 425 Use of arsenic, 425 of morphia, 425 Pain, 425 Local, 425 Bougies, use of, 425 mode of applying, 425, 426 Forcible dilatation, 426 Oesophagotomy, 426 Oesophagus, Carcinoma of, 426 Definition, 426 Synonym, 426 Etiology, 426 Varieties, 426 Spheroidal-celled, 426 Squamous-celled, 426 Colloid, 426 Symptoms, 427 Dysphagia, 427 Regurgitation of food, 427 Vomiting, 427 character of, 427 Emaciation, 427 Pain, 427 character of, 427 seat of, 427 Dyspnoea, 427 Perforation of larynx, 427 of lungs, 427 of pleura, 427 of large vessels, 427 Pathology and morbid anatomy, 427 Seat, 427 Involvement of adjacent structures, 427 Diagnosis, 428 Prognosis, 428 Treatment, 428 Constitutional, 428 Local, 428 Use of stomach-tube, 428 of opium, 428 of nutrient enemata, 428 of dilators, 428 Gastrostomy, 428 Oesophagus, Paralysis of, 429 Definition, 429 Synonyms, 429 Etiology, 429 Impairment of nerve-function 429 From atrophy of nerve, 429 Pressure from tumors, etc., 429 Disease of nerves, 429 of cerebro-spinal axis, 429 Syphilis, 429 Plumbism, 429 Shock and fright, 429 Cold, 429 Hysteria, 429 Symptoms, 429 Dysphagia, 429 Slow deglutition, 429 Pain, 429 Salivation, excessive, 429 Pathology and morbid anatomy, 429 Diagnosis, 429 From paralysis of pharynx, 430 Value of auscultation, 430 Prognosis, 430 Treatment, 430 Diet, 430 Mode of feeding, 430 Use of strychnia, 430 ignatia amara, 430 electricity, 430 Oesophagus, Dilatation of, 430 Definition, 430 Synonyms, 430 Etiology, 430 Congenital origin, 430 Mechanical origin, 430 Paralysis of muscular coat, 430 General form, 431 Annular form, 431 Pouched form, 431 Retention of food, 431 Symptoms, 431 Dyspepsia, 431 Presence of a tumor, 431 Regurgitation, 431 time of, 432 Of annular form, 432 Odor of breath, 432 Perforation, 432 Death, cause of, 432 Pathology and morbid anatomy, 432 General form, 432 Muscular hypertrophy, 432 Size of dilatation, 432 Annular form, 432 seat, 432 Pouched form, 432 nature, 433 seat, 433 size, 433 Diagnosis, 433 Value of auscultation, 434 Prognosis, 434 Treatment, 434 Use of stomach-tube, 434 Diet, 434 Constitutional, 435 Use of stimulants, 435 strychnia, 435 electricity, 435 Operative measures, 435 Gastrostomy, 435

Oesophageal stenosis in atrophy of stomach, 616

Oesophagoscope, use of, in diagnosis of gastric hemorrhage, 584

Offensive exhalations, influence on causation of cholera morbus, 721

Oïdium albicans of thrush, nature, 333

Oil of amber, locally, in hemorrhoids, 923 of turpentine, use of, in tape-worm, 941 of wintergreen, use of, in acute gout, 136 in acute rheumatism, 59 of wormseed, use of, in Ascaris lumbricoides, 954

Oils and fats, absorption of, in digestion, 623

Ointment of iodide of lead, use of, in tabes mesenterica, 1194 of red iodide of mercury in amyloid liver, 1046 in cirrhosis of liver, 1002

Oleum gaultheria, use of, in acute rheumatism, 59

Oligo-articular form of rheumatoid arthritis, 84

Olive oil and iodine, locally, in tubercular peritonitis, 1168

Onanism from Oxyuris vermicularis, 951

Onset of cholera infantum, 741 of cholera morbus, 722 of entero-colitis, 733 of acute gout, 119 of intestinal catarrh, 678 of acute variety of general rheumatoid arthritis, 80 of chronic variety of general form of rheumatoid arthritis, 81 of partial form of rheumatoid arthritis, 85 of tubercular peritonitis, 1165 of typhlitis and perityphlitis, 818 mode of, in acute pharyngitis, 394 in tonsillitis, 381

Operative measures in tonsillitis, 388 in dilatation of oesophagus, 435 in cancer of stomach, 577 in stenosis of pylorus, 609

Opium, abuse of, influence on causation of constipation, 641 -eating as a cause of enteralgia, 662 use of, in cholera morbus, 725 in diabetes mellitus, 226, 227 in dysentery, 811 in enteralgia, 665 in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 775 in entero-colitis and cholera infantum, 758, 759 in hemorrhage from bowels, 834 in acute intestinal catarrh, 689, 693, 698 in chronic intestinal catarrh, 715, 718 in intestinal obstruction, 863 in intestinal ulcers, 829 in cirrhosis of liver, 1002 in cancer of oesophagus, 428 in acute pancreatitis, 1120 in chronic interstitial pancreatitis, 1122 in acute peritonitis, 1146 in cancerous peritonitis, 1172 in perforative peritonitis, 1156 in acute pharyngitis, 397, 398, 399 in cancer of stomach, 576 in simple ulcer of stomach, 524, 527 in mercurial stomatitis, 348 in typhlitis and perityphlitis, 822

Ophthalmia, influence on causation of scrofula, 237

Organic changes, minor, in stomach, 611 disease, influence on causation of acute gastritis, 464 influence on causation of gastric hemorrhage, 580 of thoracic and abdominal viscera, a cause of ascites, 1173 of stomach, 480 stricture of oesophagus, 422

Origin of biliary calculi, 1061-1063 of cholera morbus, 720 of false membranes, in pseudo-membranous enteritis, 772 of gastric ulcer, hemorrhagic infiltration theory of, 512 of gastric ulcer, inflammatory theory of, 512 mycotic theory of, 513 of simple gastric ulcer, neurotic theory of, 512 nervous, of rheumatoid arthritis, 92 specific, of rheumatoid arthritis, 92 spontaneous, of acute peritonitis, 1136, 1137

Osteo-chondritis in hereditary syphilis, 288

Osteo-periostitis in hereditary syphilis, 291

Osteophytes in hereditary syphilis, 289 formation of, in rheumatoid arthritis, 87

Otitis, influence on causation of scrofula, 237 media, in morbid dentition, 375

Otorrhoea in hereditary syphilis, 282, 283