Part 72

Evening Grosbeak, Fringilla vespertina, Bonap. Syn. p. 113.

Evening Grosbeak, Fringilla vespertina, Bonap. Amer. Orn. v. ii. pl. 14.

Coccothraustes vespertina, Evening Grosbeak, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 269.

Evening Grosbeak, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 594.

Coccothraustes Bonapartii, Lesson, Young Male.

Evening Grosbeak, Fringilla vespertina, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p. 515; v. v. p. 235.

GENUS XVIII. PYRANGA, Vieill. RED-BIRD.

Bill of moderate length, robust, tapering, compressed toward the end, acute; upper mandible with its dorsal line declinate and considerably convex, the ridge rather narrow, nasal sinus very short and wide, the sides convex, the edges sharp, slightly arched, with a festoon about the middle, the notches distinct, the tip very slender, declinate; lower mandible strong, with the angle short and rounded, the dorsal line straight, the sides convex, the edges direct, the tip acute. Nostrils basal, round. Head ovate; neck short; body compact. Tarsus short, with seven scutella; toes rather small, the first moderate, the outer slightly longer than the inner, and adherent at the base. Claws moderate, well arched, much compressed, laterally grooved, acute, those of the first and third toes equal. Plumage soft and blended; distinct bristles at the base of upper mandible. Wings rather long, with the second and third quills longest, the first a little shorter. Tail of moderate length, emarginate. Upper mandible concave, with three longitudinal ridges; tongue somewhat triangular, convex above, with the point thin-edged and lacerated; œsophagus dilated about the middle; stomach broadly elliptical, small, its lateral muscles rather small; epithelium thin, longitudinally rugous; intestine short; cœca extremely small. Inferior laryngeal muscles four on each side, but very small.

208. 1. Pyranga æstiva, Gmel. Summer Red-bird.

Plate XLIV. Male and Female.

Male vermilion, brighter beneath; inner webs of quills brown. Female greenish-yellow above. Young like the female; young males variegated according to age; old females sometimes like the males, but duller.

Male, 7-1/2, 11.

From Texas to Massachusetts. In the interior to Canada. Abundant. Migratory.

Summer Red Bird, Tanagra æstiva, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 95.

Tanagra æstiva, Bonap. Syn. p. 105.

Summer Red Bird, Tanagra æstiva, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 469.

Summer Red Bird, Tanagra æstiva, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 232; v. v. p. 518.

209. 2. Pyranga rubra, Linn. Scarlet Red-bird.--Scarlet Tanager.

Plate CCCLIV. Fig. 3. Male. Fig. 4. Female.

Male scarlet, with the wings and tail black. Female yellowish-green above, greenish-yellow beneath, wings and tail dusky, the feathers margined with yellowish-green. Males have been met with, having a scarlet band on the wing, formed by the first row of small coverts. Young like the female.

Male, 7, 11-3/4. Female, 6-1/2, 10-3/4.

From Texas to Lake Huron. Throughout the Valley of the Mississippi, Kentucky, and Ohio. Common. Migratory.

Scarlet Tanager, Tanagra rubra, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. ii. p. 42.

Tanagra rubra, Bonap. Syn. p. 105.

Scarlet Tanager or Black-winged Summer Red Bird, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 273.

Scarlet Tanager, Tanagra rubra, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 465.

Scarlet Tanager, Tanagra rubra, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p. 388.

210. 3. Pyranga Ludoviciana, Wils. Louisiana Red-bird.--Louisiana Tanager.