Part 12

Ptychohyla spinipollex and P. leonhardschultzei seem to be more closely related to one another than either is to P. euthysanota. Probably a stock of P. euthysanota was isolated on the Atlantic slopes of northern Central America from P. euthysanota on the southern slopes. The frogs on the Atlantic slopes differentiated and spread into the mountains of Oaxaca, where through isolation by the barrier of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec they developed into P. leonhardschultzei, while the stock on the northern slopes of Central America evolved into P. spinipollex. Subsequent to the differentiation of P. leonhardschultzei and P. spinipollex from P. euthysanota and during a time of cooler more equable climate than exists now, P. euthysanota and P. schmidtorum invaded the Central Highlands of Chiapas. Subsequent climatic changes isolated populations of each in the Central Highlands, where P. euthysanota macrotympanum and P. schmidtorum chamulae evolved. Ptychohyla ignicolor probably represents stock of P. schmidtorum that crossed the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and became isolated in Oaxaca on the western side of the isthmus.

LITERATURE CITED

AHL, E. 1934. Ueber eine sammlung von Reptilien und Amphibien aus Mexiko, Zool. Anz., 106:184-186, April 15.

BLAIR, W. F. 1956. Call difference as an isolation mechanism in southwestern toads (genus Bufo). Texas Jour. Sci., 8:87-106, March.

DUELLMAN, W. E. 1956. The frogs of the hylid genus Phrynohyas Fitzinger, 1843. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 96:1-47, pls. 1-6, February 21.

1960. Synonymy, variation, and distribution of Ptychohyla leonhardschultzei Ahl. Studies of American Hylid Frogs, IV. Herpetologica, 16:191-197, September 23.

1961. Descriptions of two species of frogs, genus Ptychohyla. Studies of American Hylid Frogs, V. Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13:349-357, pl. 25, April 27.

FOUQUETTE, M. J. 1960. Isolating mechanisms in three sympatric treefrogs in the Canal Zone. Evolution, 14:484-497, December.

KELLOGG, R. 1928. An apparently new Hyla from El Salvador. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 41:123-124, June 29.

MERTENS, R. 1952. Die Amphibien und Reptilien von El Salvador. Senckenbergischen Naturf. Gesell., 487:1-120, pls. 1-16, December 1.

RIDGWAY, R. 1912. Color standards and color nomenclature. Washington, D. C., 44 pp., 53 pls.

SHANNON, F. A. 1951. Notes on a herpetological collection from Oaxaca and other localities in Mexico. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 101:465-484, May 17.

STUART, L. C. 1954. Descriptions of some new amphibians and reptiles from Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 67:159-178, August 5.

TANNER, W. W. 1957. Notes on a collection of amphibians and reptiles from southern Mexico, with a description of a new Hyla. Great Basin Nat., 17:52-56, July 31.

TAYLOR, E. H. 1937. New species of hylid frogs from Mexico with comments on the rare Hyla bistincta Cope. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 50:43-54, pls. 2-3, April 21.

1942. New tailless amphibia from Mexico. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 28: 67-89, May 15.

1944. A new genus and species of Mexican frogs. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 30:41-45, June 12.

1949. New or unusual Mexican amphibians. Amer. Mus. Novitates, 1437:1-21, December 7.

Transmitted December 27, 1962.

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*Vol. 2. (Complete) Mammals of Washington. By Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 1-444, 140 figures in text. April 9, 1948.

Vol. 3. *1. The avifauna of Micronesia, its origin, evolution, and distribution. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 1-359, 16 figures in text. June 12, 1951.

*2. A quantitative study of the nocturnal migration of birds. By George H. Lowery, Jr. Pp. 361-472, 47 figures in text. June 29, 1951.

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*4. Birds from the state of Veracruz, Mexico. By George H. Lowery, Jr., and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 531-649, 7 figures in text, 2 tables. October 10, 1951.