Part 54

One physician thought that cold was only a predisposing factor in these cases, microbes being the chief element in the affection. At the beginning of an ordinary cold in the head the serous flow was an effort of nature to relieve the congestion and eliminate the infection, hence it should not be interfered with at this stage.

Another doctor said that while cold was a separate disease in the minds of the laity, to physicians it always meant a condition secondary to something else. A person with nasal polypi, for example, would complain of almost constant stuffiness of the nose; one with an enlarged lingual tonsil became hoarse after very slight use of the voice in singing.

Dr. —— —— ——, of New York, took up the treatment of colds. He thought some colds in the head are communicable, and that isolation might sometimes be a useful protective measure. Cod-liver oil was a good preventive for those who were in the habit of constantly catching cold. If the temperature was over 100° F., he insisted on the patient staying in bed, or at least in the house. A moderate dose of quinin and Dover’s powder at night, followed in the morning by a laxative, would cut short some colds. A hot mustard foot-bath increased the comfort of the patient. Rhinitis tablets were effectual if taken early, but persons susceptible to belladonna should be careful in using them. The alkaline treatment was often satisfactory—one dram of bicarbonate of soda in half a glass of water, with a few drops of lemon juice. Camphor internally and by inhalation often yielded good results. He was not a great believer in local treatment, though admitting that irrigation with saline solution was often useful. It was, however, dangerous except in skilful hands. When colds showed a tendency to recur, he advocated tincture chlorid of iron in large doses for two or three days, also cod-liver oil, quinin, or the vegetable bitters. Sometimes change of climate was the only cure.

=Cold a Germ Disease.=—Walsh, in the Medical News, says a very striking indication that cold is due to microbic invasion is to be found in the fact that the process is nearly always accompanied by fever. A distinct period of incubation can be traced, and the efficient cause of the illness is commonly farther off than the patient imagines. The treatment advised when fever and chilliness occur is the use of calomel and hot drinks, especially cream-of-tartar lemonade, which acts as a diuretic as well as a laxative. A diaphoretic at the beginning of the affection will always give the patient comfort and may unload the system of enough depressed toxic material to enable it to react and bring about the abortion of a cold.

Other medical men objected to calling everything an infection. A common cold, they thought, was nothing else than the effect of the lowered temperature on the human system. The dry air of houses caused a chronic postnasal catarrh, which at times increased. To overcome susceptibility to catching cold, overdressing should be avoided and cold baths taken.

TREATMENT OF HYPERIDROSIS.

In sweating of the feet a single application of diluted formaldehyd will bring about permanent relief. For the axilla, use 10 drops of formaldehyd to 2 ounces of water.

TREATMENT OF ERYSIPELAS.

Apply a thick layer of white vaselin twice a day. Protect with linen and gauze bandages.

TO DISTINGUISH CHICKEN FROM SMALLPOX.

If the vesicle in chicken-pox is pricked with a needle, its contents can be completely evacuated and the cell will collapse; whereas, in small-pox the vesicle can be pricked twenty times and it will be impossible to empty it.

TREATMENT OF FELON.

A felon may sometimes be aborted by the application of pure alcohol under exclusion of air. Cover the phalanx with a thin layer of absorbent cotton saturated with alcohol; over this put on a rubber finger-stall. In severe cases the tissues should be deeply incised.

TREATMENT OF BOILS.

Apply hot dressings; incise if necessary. The application of pure alcohol dressings and a plug of cotton saturated in the same solution and inserted in the wound promotes rapid healing.

TO DISLODGE AN INSECT FROM THE EAR.

Saturate a piece of cotton-wool in salt and vinegar. Fill the ear with it. Have patient lie on the ear and give firm pressure with the hand. The insect may be found on the cotton when the plug is taken out. Oil may be used as a substitute.

Foreign bodies in the ear usually cause far less trouble and harm than does the attempt to remove them by anyone not expert.

RELIEF FOR EARACHE.

Make a small funnel of paper, and saturate a ball of cotton with chloroform; drop it into the funnel. Place the funnel in the ear, draw a long breath and then blow the breath into the large end of the funnel; the fumes of the chloroform are thus carried into the ear, and all pain ceases at once. No doubt, heat is the best remedy of all.

RELIEF FROM FLIES AND MOSQUITOES.

Pour into an atomizer half a teaspoonful of lavender oil. Add to this as much alcohol as will make a saturated solution. Use as a spray. Sweet clover hung about the room will banish flies and mosquitoes. The drier the clover becomes the more effectual it is.

A BIT OF ANATOMY.

The entire adult skeleton consists of 200 distinct bones, as follows:

The spine or vertebral column (sacrum and coccyx included) 26 Cranium 8 Face 14 Os hyoids, sternum and ribs 26 Upper extremities 64 Lower extremities 62 ——— 200

The patellæ are included as separate bones; the smaller sesamoid bones and the ossicula auditus are not counted. The teeth belong to the tegumentary system.

BLOOD-CORPUSCLES.

The average number of red blood-corpuscles per cubic millimeter is about 5,000,000 for men, and somewhat less for women. The number is much increased in people who live in altitudes of about 8000 feet or more. The greatest decrease occurs in anemia, when they may number less than 1,000,000, and in leukemia, when there may be not more than 2,000,000.