Part 57

Action at Ungerhausen, 26 June.

Celebrated battle at Hohenlinden, gained by Moreau, takes 80 pieces of cannon and 10,000 prisoners; action began at day break and ended at 4 o’clock.

Battle of Casteggio, Austrians defeated by Berthier, 8 June.

Battle of Marengo, one of the most brilliant in history, and important in its consequences; it lasted 11 hours; decided the fate of Italy, and placed the iron crown on the head of the Bonaparte Dynasty, 14 June.

Battle at Muhldorf, 1 Dec.

1801. Alexandria, Egypt, Abercrombie fell, French defeated by Hutchinson, 21 March.

1805. Battle of Wertingen in Bavaria, the first of the coalition of Austria and Russia; Austrians defeated and all their cannon taken, Oct. 8.

Battle of Guntzburg, marshal Ney defeats the Austrians, 9 Oct.

Battle on the Adige, Massena forces a passage at Verona, and defeats the archduke Charles, Oct. 18.

Surrender of Ulm by Mack, October 20.

Murat defeats prince Ferdinand at Nuremburg, Oct. 21.

Battle of Caldiero, Massena attacks the whole Austrian line, defeats them; captures one of their divisions; the arch duke escapes at night, Oct. 30.

Battle of Amstetten, the Russians defeated by Murat, 4 Nov.

Battle of Marienzel, Davoust defeats the Austrian General Meerfeldt, 8 Nov.

Mortier defeats the Russians under Kutasoff at Diernstein, Nov. 11.

Murat and Lasnes defeat the Russians under Kutasoff at Holabrunn, 15 Nov.

Soult again at Guntersdorff, 16 Nov.

Battle of Austerlitz or of the three emperors, 500 pieces of cannon and 150,000 men were engaged in this battle, which was one of the most profound in the history of tactics, and the most brilliant in the annals of victory; 150 pieces of artillery were taken by the victors; this battle deprived the house of Austria of the title of Emperor of Germany, 2 Dec.

1806. Battle of Jena, Oct. 14.

Prussia subdued by Bonaparte.

1807. Dantzick taken, May 20.

Battle of Spaudau, June 5.

Battle of Lonutten, same day.

Deppen, battle of, Marshal Ney makes a fictious retreat, and cuts a body of Russians to pieces, June 6.

Eylau, battle of, very bloody and desperate, Russians lost 30,000 men killed, June 6-12.

Friedland, battle of, this action decided the fate of the Coalition, and produced the peace of Tilsit on the 7th July succeeding. This battle stands in the same rank with Jemappe, Fleurus, Nordlingen, Zurich, Marengo, Jena and Austerlitz.

BATTLE-Array, Line of BATTLE, the method and order of arranging the troops in order or line of battle; the form of drawing up the army for an engagement. This method generally consists of three lines, viz. the front line, the rear line, and the reserve.

The second line should be about 300 paces behind the first, and the reserve at about 5 or 600 paces behind the second. The artillery is likewise divided along the front of the first line. The front line should be stronger than the rear line, that its shock may be more violent, and that, by having a greater front, it may more easily close on the enemy’s flanks. If the first line has the advantage, it should continue to act, and attack the enemy’s second line, terrified by the defeat of their first. The artillery must always accompany the line of battle in the order it was at first distributed, if the ground permit it; and the rest of the army should follow the motions of the first line, when it continues to march on after its first success.